Procaine hydrochloride is a substance that is part of the drug "Novocaine" as the main component. Actually, this is the trade name of this medicine. The tool disrupts the generation of nerve impulses mainly within the non-myelin fibers. It interacts with receptors of sodium membrane channels, blocking the flow of sodium ions, displacing calcium from receptors that are located on the surface of the membrane. Next, consider the instructions for this therapeutic substance.
Tradename
So, as noted earlier, the trade name procaine hydrochloride is the well-known Novocain. The international non-proprietary name is Procaine.
Dosage form of release
Procaine hydrochloride is available on the pharmaceutical market as an injection. Next, find out what indications are available for the use of the substance in question.
Indications for use
The list of indications for use with procaine hydrochloride is quite wide.
So, this substance is used in a number of the following cases:
- For infiltration, conduction, epidural, spinal and intraosseous anesthesia.
- With anesthesia of the mucous membranes in otolaryngological practice.
- To perform vagosympathetic and perinephral blockade.
- For the implementation of circular and paravertebral blockade with eczema, neurodermatitis or on the background of sciatica.
According to the instructions for use, procaine hydrochloride is used intravenously to potentiate the effects of essential drugs for anesthesia. It can also be used to relieve pain of different genesis in patients.
Intramuscularly, this drug is used as an auxiliary tool in some diseases that are more common in the elderly. For example, with endarteritis, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary spasms, diseases of the joints of infectious and rheumatic origin. In addition, the described tool can be used rectally for hemorrhoids, spasms of smooth intestinal muscles and anal fissures.
The interaction of this drug
With intravenous administration, the inhibitory effect on the nervous system of drugs for general anesthesia, and in addition, sleeping pills, various sedatives, tranquilizers and narcotic analgesics, is enhanced. Metabolite procaine hydrochloride is a competitive antagonist for sulfonamides and is able to weaken their antimicrobial effects.
Special instructions for use
What else does the instruction for use with procaine hydrochloride tell us? It should be borne in mind that when using the same dosage of local anesthesia, the toxicity of the substance will be the higher, the more concentrated the solution used. Procaine can slowly penetrate through the intact mucous membrane, therefore it is considered ineffective for superficial anesthesia.
As an adjuvant, procaine hydrochloride is used intravenously for hypertension, late toxicosis of pregnant women suffering from hypertension syndrome. As an additional treatment, this tool will also be appropriate in the following cases:
- Against the background of spasms of blood vessels.
- With phantom pain.
- In case of peptic ulcer of the stomach and intestines.
- In the presence of itching, neurodermatitis, eczema, keratitis, iridocyclitis, glaucoma.
Pharmacological properties of this drug substance
He belongs to the group of local pain medication. Sodium channels are blocked by this substance, calcium is displaced from receptors located on the inner membrane surface. Thus, the generation of impulses in the sensory nerves is prevented. It is worth saying that this medicine suppresses the conduct of pain impulses of various modality.
When administered intravenously, it can have a general effect on the body, reducing the formation of acetylcholine and lowering the excitability of cholinergic peripheral systems. The drug also produces a blocking effect on the vegetative ganglia, smooth muscle spasms decrease, the excitability of the heart and motor zones of the cerebral cortex decreases. In toxic dosages, it causes agitation, then paralysis of the nervous system.
The body can quickly hydrolyze, forming diethidaminoethanol and para-aminobenzoic acid, which are considered pharmacologically active components. After administration, this drug acts quickly and briefly.
Injections of Novocain
"Novocaine", available in the form of a solution for injections, is used, previously diluted, if necessary, with physiological sterile solution to the desired concentration. In order to perform infiltration anesthesia, a 0.5% solution is used, and 0.25% is used for anesthesia using the Vishnevsky method (as part of a tight creeping infiltration). Conduction and spinal anesthesia requires novocaine 2%.
In ophthalmology, 0.5% of the substance of this drug is used in patients with keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and periodic eye inflammation. In obstetric and gynecological practice, Novocain injections with a 0.5% solution are prescribed for endometritis, metritis, uterus and vagina prolapse. A 2% concentration is used as a solvent for medicines.
Contraindications to the use of this medication have not been established, except for the presence in patients of increased individual sensitivity to the main component of procaine. The Novocain solution can be used subcutaneously, intramuscularly. The concentration along with the dose, method of application directly depends on the nature of the medical intervention or the course of the disease.
As described, with the introduction of high doses of a concentrated drug, the toxicity of the active substance increases. Against this background, the total dosage is reduced or diluted to lower concentrations with sterile isotonic sodium chloride. These dilutions are prepared, as a rule, immediately before use.
"Novocaine" is not used for surface anesthesia, since the drug is practically not absorbed by the skin.
Preventive measures
When working with Novocaine for injections, the accepted safety rules and personal hygiene, which are provided for when administering the drug, should be observed. In case of accidental contact of the drug with the skin or mucous membrane of the eye, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water. People with hypersensitivity to procaine hydrochloride should avoid direct interaction with Novocaine.
In case of allergic reactions or against the background of accidental ingestion of a medication into the human body, you should immediately contact a medical organization. It is forbidden to use empty containers for medicines for domestic purposes, as they must be disposed of with other waste.
Side effects from the use of a medication
The following side effects are possible when using procaine hydrochloride:
- The central and peripheral nervous system can react with headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, motor anxiety, loss of consciousness, cramps, trismus, tremors, visual and auditory disorders, nystagmus, horse tail syndrome (leg paralysis, paresthesia), respiratory muscle pathologies. It is also possible the development of motor and sensitive respiratory paralysis, which is most often observed in the case of subarachnoid anesthesia.
- Among other things, an increase or decrease in pressure is likely along with peripheral vasodilation, collapse, bradycardia, arrhythmia, chest pain.
- The urinary system may respond by involuntary urination.
- The digestive system often responds with nausea, vomiting, and involuntary bowel movements.
- In addition, methemoglobinemia is possible in patients.
- Allergic reactions, according to the instructions, include itching along with a skin rash, anaphylactic manifestations, and urticaria.
- Other symptoms include the return of pain in combination with persistent anesthesia, hypothermia, impotence.
- Against the background of anesthesia in dentistry, numbness with lip paresthesia is possible.
Overdose with this drug
Symptoms of an overdose are pallor of the skin and mucous membranes along with dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, rapid breathing, tachycardia, decreased pressure up to collapse, apnea and methemoglobinemia. The impact on the nervous system is manifested by a sense of fear in combination with convulsions, hallucinations and motor excitement.
Treatment in this case will be required in the form of maintaining pulmonary adequate ventilation with oxygen inhalation. Intravenous administration of short-acting medicines for general anesthesia is allowed; in extremely severe cases, detoxification and symptomatic therapy is carried out.