An increase in serum glucose levels associated with any endocrine disease indicates that a person develops hyperglycemia. Symptoms of this pathology are manifested in weight loss, frequent urination and increased thirst. Hyperglycemia always accompanies people with diabetes.
Causes of the disease
Among the factors causing a change in the level of glucose in the blood, one can distinguish endocrine diseases and general disorders in the body. Endocrine factors include:
- Diabetes mellitus is a pathology associated with a complete or partial lack of the hormone insulin in the body. Symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes are manifested in the presence of excess weight or obesity.
- Thyrotoxicosis - occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones.
- Acromegaly is a pathology characterized by an increase in the level of growth hormone.
- Pheochromocyte is a tumor localized in the adrenal medulla. Provokes excessive production of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
- Glucagonoma is a malignant tumor secreting glucagon. Symptoms are similar to diabetes and are manifested by changes in body weight, anemia and dermatitis.
Symptoms of hyperglycemia in children appear when leading an unhealthy lifestyle, regular consumption of sugary and harmful foods, carbonated drinks and lack of physical activity. Factors of general disorders in the body can be:
- binge eating;
- digestive upset;
- severe stress;
- consequences of heart attack and stroke;
- infectious and chronic diseases;
- side effects of certain drugs.
Within 1-2 hours after eating, the sugar level in a healthy person rises by 1-3 mmol / L. Then the indicator gradually decreases and returns to normal 5 mmol / l, if this does not happen, we can conclude about the development of hyperglycemia. This condition requires medical intervention and effective treatment.
Hyperglycemia Classification
Depending on the level of glucose in the blood, several degrees of severity of the disease are distinguished:
- light - 6.7-8.2 mmol / l;
- the average is 8.3-11 mmol / l;
- severe - blood sugar levels exceed 11.1 mmol / L.
If the glucose concentration rises above 16.5 mmol / L, a precomatous state develops, with a rise in glucose level to 55 mmol / L, the patient is diagnosed with a hyperosmolar coma. It is a serious condition for the body and in most cases ends with the death of the patient.
Hyperglycemia syndrome: symptoms and manifestations of the disease
The first signs of hyperglycemia are manifested in the form of increased fatigue and decreased performance. Clinically, at this stage, you can detect a slight increase in blood sugar after eating and long-term maintenance of indicators above normal. Hyperglycemia is also characterized by the following symptoms:
- impaired concentration;
- excessive thirst;
- frequent urination;
- dizziness and headaches;
- pallor of the skin;
- apathy;
- drowsiness;
- nausea;
- heart rhythm disturbance;
- lowering blood pressure;
- decreased visual acuity;
- sweating
- itching of the skin;
- ketoacidosis (a violation of the pH balance, which leads to coma).
The progression of pathology causes an increase in symptoms and serious disturbances in the functioning of the body systems.
Hyperglycemia: symptoms, first aid
It is very important to be able to provide first aid to a person with hyperglycemia on time. In most cases, such actions help save the patient's life.
- In case of acute hyperglycemia, insulin-dependent diabetics need to inject insulin with an injection. It is preliminary recommended that you check and try to lower your blood sugar. It is necessary to inject the hormone every 2 hours, regularly checking the level of glucose until it returns to normal. In rare cases, it may be necessary to rinse the stomach with a warm solution with a small concentration of soda.
- If first aid does not have positive results, you must independently deliver the patient to a medical facility or call an ambulance. If this is not done in time, then excessive amounts of sugar in the blood will lead to acidosis and disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory apparatus. In a hospital with this course of hyperglycemia, an infusion dropper is most often prescribed.
Hyperglycemia, the symptoms of which are manifested to a mild degree, is eliminated by improvised means. To reduce acidity in the body, you can drink water without gas, herbal decoctions, soda solution or eat fruit. If dry skin appears, rub the body with a damp towel.
Hyperglycemia treatment
To eliminate hyperglycemia, a differential approach to therapy is used. It consists of the following actions of a doctor:
- Survey and examination of the patient - allows you to find out heredity, susceptibility to certain pathologies, the manifestation of symptoms of the disease.
- Laboratory examination - the patient passes tests and undergoes the necessary studies.
- Diagnosis - according to the results of the tests, the doctor makes a diagnosis of hyperglycemia. Symptoms and treatment of this disorder should be interconnected.
- Prescription of treatment - the doctor prescribes a suitable diet, moderate physical activity and drug therapy.
It is also necessary to regularly visit a cardiologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist and urologist to monitor the work of all internal organs and systems and prevent the development of complications.
Diet for hyperglycemia
With an increased level of glucose in the blood, first of all, simple carbohydrates should be excluded from the diet and the consumption of complex ones should be minimized. It is wrong nutrition that becomes the main cause of a disease such as hyperglycemia.
Symptoms of metabolic disorders can be eliminated with dietary nutrition. The diet is not strict, it is only important to follow certain rules:
- to drink a lot of water;
- Avoid long breaks between meals - that is, to eat often and little by little;
- minimize the use of spicy and fried foods;
- eat a large amount of fresh vegetables and fruits (mostly unsweetened);
- increase the amount of protein food in the diet (meat, eggs, dairy products);
- of desserts, use only dried fruits, or sweets intended for diabetics.
Quickly reduce sugar levels will allow heavy drinking and physical activity (in particular gymnastic exercises).
Treatment with folk remedies
Alternative medicine is widespread and is perceived by many as an effective and affordable way to treat many diseases, and hyperglycemia is no exception. Symptoms of the disease can be treated with folk remedies, but it all depends on the degree of development of the disorder.
Basically, folk remedies are represented by decoctions of medicinal herbs, which include alkaloids (dandelion, elecampane, goat).
In addition to these herbs, the following plants are common:
- Blueberries
- lilac;
- Purchased
- Bay leaf;
- horseradish;
- oats;
- red ginseng.
The phytoalkaloids that make up their composition act like the hormone insulin, lower the level of glucose in the blood and normalize the work of the whole organism.
Disease prevention
The main preventive measure of hyperglycemia is nutrition control and daily activity. It is very important to draw up a rational menu and adhere to it so that the body receives all the trace elements, vitamins and fibers necessary for it to function properly and ensure all vital processes.
A correct lifestyle and good heredity will prevent diabetes. Hyperglycemia, the symptoms of which are manifested in fatigue and drowsiness, is easier to treat. Whereas in the presence of disturbances in the course of internal metabolic processes, therapy will be long, and diets will have to be kept constant.