There are a huge number of diseases that can lead to dangerous complications and even death. Such ailments include disorders in the work of the heart and blood vessels.
One of the medicines used in the treatment of dangerous diseases is Adrenaline. The medicine has a long list of prescriptions.
Adrenaline has one single release form - injection. Produces the drug FSUE Moscow Endocrine Plant.
The drug has a hypertensive, bronchodilator, antiallergic effect. There is no “adrenaline” in tablets.
The drug is produced in liquid form:
- The solution for injection is presented in the form of a slightly colored or colorless liquid with a specific aroma. It is produced in ampoules of one milliliter each, which are placed in contour cells of five pieces. There are one or two contour cells in the package.
- The solution for topical application is also presented in the form of a clear liquid with a specific aroma. Available in glass bottles of thirty milliliters. Only one bottle in the package.
When can I use the drug?
We remind you that they do not release the drug in tablets. Indications for the use of "Adrenaline" are the following diseases:
- Quincke's edema (a reaction to the effects of various biological and chemical factors, often of an allergic nature).
- Nettle rash.
- Anaphylaxis.
- Asthma.
- Asystole (one of the types of circulatory arrest, which is characterized by the cessation of contractions of different parts of the heart).
- Bronchial asthma.
- Bronchospastic syndrome.
- A decrease in blood pressure of more than twenty percent of standard values.
In addition, the use of the drug is indicated as a vasoconstrictor to stop bleeding and prolong the duration of action of local painkillers.
"Adrenaline": contraindications
The following diseases serve as a ban on the use of the drug:
- Cardiac ischemia (a disease in which blood enters the heart in small quantities, resulting in oxygen starvation of the heart muscle).
- Tachyarrhythmia (excessively fast heart rate).
- Ventricular fibrillation.
- Lactation (the process of accumulation and excretion of milk).
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (an autosomal dominant disease characterized by hypertrophy of the wall of the left and / or occasionally right ventricle).
- Pregnancy.
- Individual intolerance to the substances of the drug.
Additional bans
According to the instructions for use with "Adrenaline", it is known that contraindications to the use of a solution for injection are:
- Violation of the normal rhythm of heart contractions, in which there is an extraordinary premature contraction of the ventricles.
- Atrial fibrillation (a type of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia with chaotic atrial activity with a pulse frequency of three hundred and fifty to seven hundred beats per minute).
- Myocardial infarction (ischemia of the heart, which occurs with the death of the myocardial site, due to the insufficiency of its microcirculation).
- Atherosclerosis (a chronic disease of arteries that occurs due to impaired lipid metabolism and is accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol in the inner lining of blood vessels).
- Arterial embolism (sudden cessation of blood flow to an organ or part of the body due to a blood clot).
- Buerger's disease (narrowing of the veins and arteries in the legs and arms as a result of inflammation).
- Raynaud's disease (a disease in which arterial blood supply to the hands or feet is disturbed).
- Hypovolemia (lowering blood microcirculation).
- Thyrotoxicosis.
- Metabolic acidosis (a disease characterized by a failure of the acid-base balance in the blood).
- Hypoxia (a pathology that is characterized by oxygen starvation).
- Hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood, which is caused by a violation of the respiratory process).
- Prostate hyperplasia (a urological disease in which proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate occurs, which causes compression of the urethra, resulting in a violation of urination).
- Joint use with inhalation drugs for general anesthesia.
All of the above prohibitions are considered relative for diseases that threaten a person’s life.
FSUE Moscow Endocrine Plant does not release the drug in tablets.
With extreme caution, it is necessary to prescribe an injection for a disease caused by an increase in the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland and excessive production of hormones. In addition, care must also be taken by people of retirement age. For preventive purposes, to prevent arrhythmias, the drug is recommended to be used in combination with beta-blockers.
In tablets, “Adrenaline” does not exist, but in the form of a solution for local use, patients with the following disorders are prescribed with extreme caution:
- A pathological condition characterized by a violation of the acid-base balance in the blood.
- Ventricular arrhythmia.
- Hypovolemia.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Cerebral atherosclerosis.
- Convulsive syndrome.
- Parkinson's disease.
How to use the drug?
According to the instructions for use with Adrenaline, it is known that when stopping bleeding, a swab moistened with the drug should be applied to the wound surface. Recommended dosing schedule for adult patients:
- Anaphylactic shock: it is necessary to slowly administer the drug intravenously. To achieve the greatest effect, treatment is carried out by drip into a vein, in a proportion of one to ten thousand. If there is no threat to human life, the medication should be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously at a dosage of 0.3-0.5 milligrams, if necessary, the injection can be repeated with a time interval of ten to twenty minutes up to three times.
- In bronchial asthma, 0.3-0.5 milligrams are administered subcutaneously, to achieve the desired effect, repeated administration of the same dosage is shown every twenty minutes up to three times, or intravenously - 0.1-0.25 milligrams.
What other diseases do you use the medicine for?
Doctors know that they do not produce Adrenaline tablets. The active substance of the drug adversely affects the following disorders in the body:
- Arterial hypotension: with this disease is administered intravenously.
- When an endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea in order to ensure airway patency, it is necessary to carry out therapy by endotracheal instillation in a dosage that exceeds the dosage for intravenous administration by 2-2.5 times.
- With fainting caused by a sharp decrease in cardiac output and cerebral ischemia due to an acute occurrence of heart rhythm disturbance: one milligram of the drug diluted in 250 milliliters of a 5% glucose solution is administered intravenously.
Adrenaline to children
Recommended drug concentrations for children:
The composition of "Adrenaline" includes epinephrine, which, with asystole, is administered to newborns intravenously (slowly) at 0.01-0.03 milligrams per kilogram of the child’s weight every three to five minutes. Children after one month of life - intravenously at 0.01 milligrams per kilogram, then 0.1 milligrams per kilogram every five minutes.
Adrenaline is the trade name for epinephrine.
The endotracheal administration of the drug is indicated for the following diseases:
Anaphylactic shock: subcutaneously or intravenously - 0.01 mg per kilogram of weight, but not more than 0.3 mg. If necessary, the procedure should be repeated with an interval of fifteen minutes no more than three times.
With bronchospasm, the drug is administered subcutaneously, if necessary, the medication is administered every fifteen minutes up to three to four times or every four hours. Adrenaline Injection Solution can be used topically to prevent bleeding.
Adverse reactions
According to the instructions for use, "Epinephrine" if improperly observed dosages can cause certain negative effects:
- Anxiety.
- Migraine.
- Tremor.
- Fatigue.
- Dizziness.
- Nervousness.
- Impaired memory.
- Aggression.
Negative effects from the heart and blood vessels
Adrenaline causes the following undesirable effects:
- Sleep disturbance.
- Cardiopalmus.
- Discomfort behind the sternum.
- Arrhythmia.
Additionally, as a result of using the injection solution from the cardiovascular system, pulmonary edema and vomiting may occur.
Local reactions occur infrequently, mainly in the form of irritation or pain at the injection site. The occurrence of these or other side effects should be reported to a medical specialist.
Features
Accidentally administered intravenously, Adrenaline can dramatically increase blood pressure. Against the background of increased blood pressure with the introduction of the drug, angina attacks may occur. Exposure to epinephrine can cause a decrease in diuresis.
Injection must be carried out in a large vein, using a device to adjust the speed of administration of the drug. Intracardiac administration in asystole is used when other methods are unavailable, since there is a likelihood of cardiac tamponade and pneumothorax.
Therapy should be accompanied by a determination of the content of potassium ions in the blood, a measurement of blood pressure, minute microcirculation of the blood, and electrocardiography.
The use of the drug in high dosages for myocardial infarction can enhance the manifestations of ischemia due to increased oxygen demand. During the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, an increase in the concentration of sulfonylurea derivatives and insulin is necessary, since Adrenaline enhances glycemia.
It must be remembered that Adrenaline is the trade name for epinephrine.
What other specific instructions does the drug have?
Absorption and final epinephrine in the blood during intratracheal administration may be unforeseen. In shock, the use of the drug does not replace the transfusion of blood substitutes, as well as blood. Prolonged use of epinephrine provokes narrowing of peripheral vessels, as well as the likelihood of necrosis or gangrene.
Interaction
According to the instructions for use with epinephrine, it is known that adrenergic agonists are able to increase the effect of epinephrine and the severity of negative effects from the side of the heart and blood vessels. When using cardiac glycosides, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants, dopamine, inhalation anesthesia, and cocaine, it increases the risk of arrhythmias.
The use of "Adrenaline" with narcotic painkillers, sleeping pills, antihypertensive drugs, insulin and other hypoglycemic drugs reduces their effectiveness.
When using "Adrenaline" with nitrates, it causes a weakening of their pharmacological action. "Phenoxybenzamine" in combination with "Adrenaline" provokes tachycardia and increased hypotensive effect.
When used with Phenytoin, a sharp decrease in blood pressure is observed and bradycardia occurs. Endocrine hormone preparations cause a mutual increase in exposure.
Analogs
Substitutes for "Adrenaline" are:
- Epinephrine.
- Mesaton.
- "Dopamine."
- "Dopmin".
- Gutron.
- "Isomilin".
- "Adrenor."
- Simdax
- "Epidect".
Keep "Adrenaline" is necessary at temperatures up to + 15 degrees in a dark place. Keep away from children. Shelf life is three years. The drug is released strictly according to the prescription of a medical specialist.