Painting arose in ancient times. Water paints used by artists of ancient Greece, later in Byzantium, Ancient Russia. The great masters of Italy, France, Germany and other countries worked in this technique.
Water-based painting is one of the main wall painting techniques. It is inextricably linked with architecture. The work of the great painters who worked in this style "survived" to this day. Among many are the great creations of Michelangelo, Raphael, Rublev and other masters.
Fresco painting
Decorative, ornamental or thematic painting with water paints on lime plaster is called fresco painting. It is distinguished by color fastness and durability, if performed in accordance with all the rules.
Since ancient times, this technique has been used to paint walls indoors. Murals do not interfere with the “breathing” of the plaster layer. They do not close the pores, therefore both the wall and the painting on it are in a normal functional state.
Water-based plaster painting is carried out on surfaces with two or three layers, and the final, facial, thickness should be at least 8 mm. The base is prepared so that it is even and dry, well insulated from moisture.
Walls made of sandstone, limestone, porous ceramics are suitable for work. Concrete substrates can be worked on after ensuring good adhesion of the plaster to the surface.
It is wrong to call any wall painting a mural.
Wet plaster painting
A traditional mural is a technique for painting on a raw lime plaster layer. It may be smooth or have some graininess. The master has only about ten minutes to work, while fresh plaster absorbs paint pigments. As soon as the brush loses the smoothness of the smear, you can finish the job.
During this period, a thin film begins to form on the surface of the plaster, which prevents the penetration of the pigment into the thickness of the layer. She subsequently, after drying, fixes the painting and retains it for many years.
Water-based painting is perhaps the most time-consuming type of painting. It involves unprecedented composure and constant creative tension.
Due to the limited time of the painting process, preparatory operations play an important role. Pre-prepared templates and tracing paper help you quickly and accurately transfer the sketch to the surface of the wall or ceiling.
What is the name of the water-based painting on dry plaster
Dry mural (fresco-secco) is a type of mural. It differs in less safety and durability. Images are slightly whitened due to the specificity of the technology of mixing pigments. It is considered a facilitated technique of fresco painting.
Dry plaster is sanded with a pumice stone before work. At the same time, a thin preserving film of carbon dioxide of lime is removed, the pores open. The surface is soaked with water in advance, maintained in this state or additionally moistened one hour before painting.
Dry fresco painting with water colors is the work with pigments rubbed on the “milk” of aged lime dough or a fresh solution of “boiling water”. Bleached colors are often enriched by adding tempera over the strokes.
Watercolor
What is paper-based water-based painting called? This is watercolor. It is also known since ancient times, it was used to decorate church manuscripts, and later printed books. In this style, ornaments were painted, capital letters were distinguished, miniature pictorial paintings were performed.
Until the 17th century, it was not even considered a type of painting technique. However, the work of Vasnetsov, Vrubel, Repin and many other prominent artists who worked in this style made her so. Since the 19th century, watercolor has been defined as an independent species.
Water-color watercolor painting is also a variety of techniques for working with a palette and canvas. For example, glaze makes it possible to apply a third layer when applying one translucent color layer to another.
The “raw” technique involves working with a constantly wetted working surface of the paper. When spreading, the paint gives stains and smooth transitions of tonality. In the “dry” work, the brush is not sufficiently moistened and is written in thick strokes. In Alla Prima, the paints are pre-mixed on a palette.
Receptions can be used separately and combined together in one work. There is no white color in watercolor; paper plays its role. Paints dry after 5 minutes, are transparent.
Water colors
The palette of fresco painting is limited and has no more than 20 color tones. Water-based paints used for painting on plaster should be lightfast and not form active compounds with an alkaline environment of lime.
Watercolor - are transparent, easily washed off. It contains pigment powder, an aqueous solution of honey, sugar, or another binder with an antiseptic and a surfactant.
Gouache - has a greater hiding power. It consists of a pigment mixed with white and an aqueous adhesive solution of starch, dextrin or gum arabic.
Tempera - usually kneaded on an emulsion of water and egg yolk (protein). When dried, it does not crack, forms a slightly shiny surface.
Glue paint is a suspension of pigment in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ether, starch or casein. Such material can be used for decorative interior and exterior decoration.
Acrylic paints dry quickly, form an indelible layer with a slight sheen, which does not require additional coating with varnish.