Medicines from the antibiotic group are actively used in the treatment of many diseases. They have different forms of release, and different active components work in them. One of these products is under the trade name Metrogil. Instructions for use, reviews about it will be discussed below.
Microworld Pests
Our world is not only what a person sees or feels. Next to us and, influencing our big world, there are many microorganisms - viruses, bacteria and fungi - that exist and live their lives. They have a huge impact, not yet fully understood, not only on the life of each person individually, but also on our entire planet. More often than not, people recall these tiny organisms only during illnesses that they can cause. Moreover, in order to establish the exact cause of the disease, it is necessary to conduct a thorough biological analysis, because the microworld is quite huge.
To deal with the problems caused by viruses, fungi or bacteria, the pharmaceutical industry produces many medicines - antiviral, antifungal and antibiotics. One of the latter is a drug called Metrogil. The instructions enclosed in each package of the product tells what is included in its composition and how to take the medicine.
Pharmacological group of antibiotics
To fight diseases caused by the activity of bacteria, special drugs, antibiotics, help. The history of such drugs begins in 1928 with the find of Dr. Fleming - studying staphylococci, he discovered that Penicillium mold suppresses their development. In the early 40s of the 20th century, they learned to isolate penicillin in its pure form, having received the first antibiotic drug. Its widespread use began during World War II.
In the following decades, scientists, chemists, biologists, pharmacists, doctors found, developed and received a huge amount of substances that affect pathogenic bacteria. Today in pharmacies you can buy antibiotic drugs that can cope with almost any type of bacteria. Unfortunately, the micro world is adapting to changing conditions; new species and types of such drug-resistant organisms are emerging. This is the huge problem of modern medicine. But still, the vast majority of diseases caused by bacterial activity can be cured with the help of an adequately selected medicine. The drug from the antibiotic group is Metrogil. The instructions for it describe its effect, and it must be carefully read before using the drug.
Dosage forms "Metrogil"
An antibiotic called Metrogil is available in several dosage forms:
- tablets;
- injection;
- gel for external use;
- vaginal gel.
Each form is convenient for the treatment of that other disease, as well as the characteristics of the patient. Many buyers in pharmacies ask pharmacists not for gel, but for Metrogil ointment. The instructions for this drug stipulate its consistency and release form, just like a gel. But in any case, this tool is used for application to the skin.
What works in the drug?
Antibiotics are an extensive group of drugs. They can be of natural origin, semi-synthetic and completely obtained by artificial means. Which one to choose for the treatment of a particular patient, only the attending physician decides. Which medicinal substance works in a particular preparation is indicated on the package or in the insert.
So, for the Metrogil preparation, the instructions for use explain that metronidazole works in this preparation, regardless of its dosage form. It belongs to the pharmacological group called "other synthetic antibacterial agents" and is included in the List of Essential and Essential Medicines. Like many antibacterial components of drugs, this substance is obtained artificially, as a derivative of azomycin, which is produced by special bacteria streptomycetes (Latin name Streptomyces) that live in sea water and soil. An interesting fact is that the bacteria themselves cause plant diseases, such as scab. But at the same time, they are the basis for many substances with antibiotic properties.
Metronidazole was initially used to treat trichomoniasis. And only by accident helped doctors discover the antibacterial feature of this substance.
Currently, metronidazole is a working component of a huge number of drugs produced in many countries under different names and in a variety of pharmacological forms. This is due to its effectiveness in combating many bacterial infections.
How does the active substance function?
Metronidazole, which works in drugs under the same name "Metrogil", has an effect in several directions:
- antibacterial;
- anti-alcohol;
- antimicrobial;
- antiprotozoal;
- antiulcer
- trichomonacid.
Different pharmaceutical forms imply different uses. To use the Metrogil drug, the intravenous instruction defines the medicine in the form of a solution. For example, in gynecology, an intravaginal gel is used, and for external use on the skin - a gel for this application.
Regardless of the pharmacological form of the drug, the active substance metronidazole works on the death of cells of pathogenic microorganisms - bacteria.
This is due to the ability of the nitro group to integrate into the nucleic cells of microorganisms, disrupting DNA, as well as respiratory processes. This is what leads to the death of pathogenic microbes. All antibiotics are active against certain groups of bacteria and protozoa. For metronidazole, these are:
- amoeba dysenteric (Entamoeba histolytica);
- vailonella (Veillonela spp.);
- Gardnerella (Gardnerella vaginalis); Gram-negative bacteria that make up the normal microflora of the human intestine - Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus;
- clostridia (Clostridium spp.);
- intestinal lamblia (Giardia intestinalis);
- peptococcus (Peptococcus spp.) or peptostreptococcus (Peptostreptococcus spp.);
- vaginal trichomonas (Trichomonas vaginalis);
- fusobacteria (Fusobacterium spp.);
- Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori);
- eubacteria (Eubacterium spp.).
The fact that this particular medicinal substance should help cope with the disease, the decision is made by the attending physician after the necessary tests.
What is the path of metronidazole in the body?
In pharmacies, you can see several pharmaceutical forms that have the same name, including drugs called Metrogil, for example Metrogil Plus. The instruction for all such drugs indicates that the active ingredient in them is metronidazole. It penetrates the systemic circulation, and its bioavailability depends on the form of the drug. So when applied externally to the skin or mucous membranes, it acts mainly locally, although an insignificant amount of it has a central effect, determined only by traces of the substance in the blood plasma, and penetrates the blood-brain and placental barriers.
When taken orally, metronidazole is actively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, penetrating the systemic circulation. In this case, it binds to blood plasma by 10-20%, and its maximum concentration is fixed 2 hours after taking the pill.
With intravenous administration of drugs with metronidazole, including the Metrogil drug, the instructions for use indicate that it actively penetrates many organs, tissues and biological fluids, having an antibacterial effect. Moreover , bioavailability reaches 80%. The half-life in patients who do not have liver problems is about 8 hours. If the patient’s liver is affected, for example, as a result of alcohol abuse, then this time increases by more than 2 times - up to 18 hours.
This active substance is excreted mainly through the kidneys - about 80%, with feces, from 6 to 15% of the substance is excreted.
As already mentioned, metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and the BBB, as well as into breast milk. It should also be remembered that in case of impaired renal function, this drug has the ability to cumulate, which means that for such patients, adjustment of subsequent doses of drugs is necessary.
With peritoneal dialysis, metronidazole is poorly excreted from the body, at the same time, hemodialysis will allow the body to get rid of the drug almost completely.
In what cases is Metrogil prescribed?
Since drugs called "Metronidazole" have a fairly wide spectrum of action and are available in several dosage forms, their use is extensive.
Quite often, a Metrogil gel is prescribed in gynecology. The instruction for this form of medicine prescribes situations when it should be prescribed for use:
- urogenital trichomoniasis;
- non-specific vaginitis of various etiologies.
In this case, the tube also has a special applicator for the correct application of the drug. In tablet form, Metrogil can also be used in gynecology. The instruction for this form does not limit the use of the drug only to the treatment of the female genital area. This includes the following indications for use:
- brain abscess
- amoebiasis;
- amoebic dysentery;
- anaerobic infections;
- gas gangrene;
- infectious respiratory diseases;
- giardiasis;
- meningitis;
- osteomyelitis;
- protozoal infections;
- septicemia;
- tetanus;
- acne rash;
- trichomoniasis.
For the Metrogil medication (tablets), the instructions for use indicate that they can be taken for prophylactic purposes - to prevent the development of postoperative complications.
The use of the drug "Metrogil" in gynecology instruction also allows in the form of injections. However, this dosage form is used in the treatment of the following diseases:
- lung abscess;
- brain abscess
- alcoholism;
- intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis ;
- balantidiasis;
- Trichomonas vaginitis;
- gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori;
- giardiasis;
- gardnerellosis;
- pseudomembranous colitis;
- cutaneous leishmaniasis;
- giardiasis;
- meningitis;
- pneumonia;
- trichomoniasis;
- sepsis;
- Trichomonas urethritis;
- empyema;
- endocarditis;
- gastric and duodenal ulcer against the background of Helicobacter pylori activity.
The drug "Metrogil" for intravenous administration is also used to prevent infectious complications and inflammation in the postoperative periods.
Help women
Women's health problems often need to be addressed with antibiotic drugs. One of such drugs used in gynecology is Metrogil. Instructions for use of this medication depend on its pharmaceutical form. Female diseases can be treated with pills, injections, or a vaginal gel. The last form has a special purpose - the gel is injected into the vagina using a special applicator, which is equipped with a tube with the drug. For quality therapy, it is necessary to introduce 1 full applicator of the medicinal gel 2 times a day. Such treatment of vaginosis or another disease requiring intracavitary administration of the drug should be carried out for at least 5 days. Since metronidazole has a central effect, moreover, through the mucous membranes it penetrates more actively into the systemic circulation, the drug is not recommended for use by pregnant and breast-feeding women. Only the attending physician can give permission for treatment with this drug in cases where the benefit to the mother far exceeds the potential danger to the fetus and infant.
Antibiotic in childhood
All basic information on the preparation "Metrogil" contains instructions for use. For children, the antibiotic metronidazole is allowed to be used in accordance with body weight, calculating the amount of active substance as follows:
- 7.5 mg per 1 kilogram of body weight of a child aged 5 to 12 years;
- 5.0 mg per 1 kilogram of a child’s body weight if he is less than 5 years old;
- for those patients who are already 12 years old and body weight corresponding to age, Metrogil is calculated on the basis of the dosage of an adult and taking into account the disease.
In pharmacy windows you can see a drug with a similar name - "Metrogil Dent." This is a two-component drug in which, in addition to metronidazole benzoate, chlorhexidine digluconate also works - an antimicrobial and antiseptic substance. This medicine is dental and is used to treat diseases of the oral cavity, including in children - gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis. It is prescribed for use not only by adults, but also by children from 6 years old. The attending physician prescribes it for use after diagnosis.
If the drug can not be taken?
For the use of the Metrogil preparation in gynecology, the instructions for its use stipulate the same limitations in use as for any form of this medicine. Antibiotics have many such contraindications, which, unfortunately, are not always taken into account by patients with self-medication. This is unacceptable, as it can lead to very serious health problems. For any dosage form of the Metrogil preparation, contraindications for use will be the following:
- hypersensitivity to both metronidazole and other nitroimidazole derivatives;
- leukopenia;
- organic lesions of the central nervous system;
- liver failure;
- epilepsy.
A strict contraindication is the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as the period of breastfeeding of a newborn baby.
Feasible side effects
For any pharmaceutical form of the Metrogil preparation, the instructions for use stipulate the possibility of side effects. Most often can develop:
- ataxia;
- insomnia;
- hallucinations;
- hyperemia;
- headaches;
- dizziness;
- depression;
- diarrhea;
- dysuria;
- nasal congestion;
- constipation;
- intestinal colic;
- impaired coordination;
- urinary incontinence;
- pancreatitis
- polyuria;
- irritability;
- vomiting
- weakness;
- decreased appetite;
- stomatitis;
- dry mouth and metallic taste;
- rash;
- nausea,
- cystitis;
- peeling skin.
If the drug is taken for a long time in high doses, the potential for the development of candidiasis, leukopenia, peripheral neuropathy, transient epileptiform seizures should be taken into account.
At the site of intravenous administration of the drug, soreness, swelling may appear, in extremely rare cases, thrombophlebitis develops.
Tells about the possible occurrence of side effects of drugs called "Metrogil" instruction. Patient reviews suggest that if the drug is prescribed for medical reasons taking into account the characteristics of the patient’s body, and the patient uses it in accordance with the prescribed regimen and dosage, then the undesirable effect of the drug appears quite rarely.
Reception by the rules
As with any other drug, the instructions for use tell you in detail about the dosage regimen for the Metrogil drug. It is used intravenously in the treatment of severe forms of diseases, as well as in cases where oral administration is not possible.
For patients over 12 years of age, this drug is prescribed as follows:
- initially - 0.5-1 g of the active component by the intravenous drip method, then every 8 hours should be administered intravenously at 500 mg at a rate of 5 ml / min If the patient tolerated the first day of such therapy well, then the method of drug administration can be changed to jet. Typically, the course of treatment with intravenous Metrogil is 7 days, but if necessary, the doctor can extend it.
For patients aged 5 to 12 years, the dose of the drug is calculated in accordance with body weight, and 7.5 mg of the active substance is taken per kilogram of the child's weight.
Gel "Metrogil" is applied locally 2 times a day, without rubbing or covering the surface with warming dressings.
Metrogil tablets are used in outpatient treatment of patients older than 15 years. They should be taken in a dosage recommended by a specialist from 200 to 400 mg 2 or 3 times a day. The tablet should not be chewed, it must be taken with meals or after meals. Drink the medicine with water.
Overdose Signs
Detailed information on the preparation "Metrogil" contains instructions for use. Intravenously, in the form of tablets or gel, the drug should be taken only in the mode prescribed by the specialist. You can not independently increase a single dosage or the number of doses per day. This can lead to an overdose of the drug, which is expressed by nausea and vomiting, the development of neuropathy or the appearance of seizures. Since there is no antidote to metronidazole, treatment in this case will be symptomatic.
What they say about the drug "Metrogil"
Many patients who are prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of a particular female genitalia disease ask the drug Metrogil Plus in pharmacies. The instruction to it indicates that in addition to metronidazole, clotrimazole also works in the agent. According to many women, this tool actively helps in the fight against fungal diseases, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. The drug very rarely causes any irritation if used in accordance with the instructions.
"" . - , . , , , . , , - , .
"" , , . , , , .
This drug from pharmacies should be dispensed only by prescription.