Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease in which the metabolism is impaired. The blood glucose level is kept above the prescribed value. It is necessary to start monitoring the pathology as early as possible, reduce glucose in the blood and keep it in a stable state. After determining the causes of the disease, the doctor will prescribe the necessary treatment.
The patient is forced to control the situation with the help of pills, insulin injections and diet. Insulin tablets are also used. You need to study the list of prohibited and recommended foods, decide on drugs that will be truly effective.
Insulin tablets: origin
Companies that are developing drugs have long been thinking about a new form of a drug that could inject diabetes without injections.
Insulin tablets were first developed by Australian and Israeli researchers. People who participated in the experiment confirmed that tablets are much more convenient and better than injections. Taking insulin orally is faster and easier, while its effectiveness does not decrease at all.
After conducting experiments on animals, researchers plan to test the insulin substitute in tablets and among people. After that, mass production will begin. Now India and Russia are completely ready for the production of drugs.
Benefits
Pills have several advantages:
- convenient to take with you;
- lack of pain during admission;
- taking a pill is easier than giving an injection.
Creating a tablet form of insulin
Insulin refers to a specific type of protein synthesized by the pancreas. With a lack of insulin in the body, glucose cannot reach tissue cells. Almost all human organs and systems suffer from this, and pathology is formed - diabetes.
Researchers in Russia began developing insulin tablets in the 90s. Ransulin is now ready for production. The names of insulin tablets are of interest to many.
In diabetes, different types of liquid insulin are available in the form of injections. Using them causes inconvenience to the patient, despite removable needles and insulin syringes.
In addition, the difficulty lies in the specifics of processing insulin in the form of tablets inside the human body. The hormone has a protein basis, that is, the stomach takes it as ordinary food, due to which there is decomposition to amino acids and the allocation of specific enzymes for this purpose.
First of all, scientists had to protect insulin from enzymes in order for it to enter the blood in its entirety, not decomposed to the smallest particles. There should be no interaction of insulin with the gastric environment and not getting in its original form into the small intestine. Therefore, the substance should be coated with a membrane that protects against enzymes. The shell must also dissolve in the intestine with high speed.
Russian scientists have created a relationship between inhibitor molecules and polymer hydrogel. In addition, polysaccharides were added to the hydrogel to improve the absorption of the substance in the small intestine.
Pectins are located in the small intestine. They are responsible for stimulating the absorption of components in connection with polysaccharides. In addition to them, insulin was also introduced into the hydrogel. These substances had no contact with each other. The compound on top is coated, the purpose of which is to prevent dissolution in the gastric acidic environment.
Once in the human stomach, the hydrogel containing insulin was released. Polysaccharides began to bind to pectins, while the hydrogel was fixed on the intestinal walls.
The inhibitor did not dissolve in the gut. He fully protected insulin from early breakdown and the effects of acid. Therefore, the necessary result was achieved, that is, insulin in the initial state entered the human blood completely. The polymer with its inherent preservation function, together with the decay products, was excreted from the body.
Russian scientists tested the drug empirically on patients with the second type of diabetes. Unlike injections, people received double the amount of substance in the form of tablets. The glucose content decreased during such an experiment, however, less than with insulin injections.
It became clear that the concentration needed to be increased, so now there are four times more insulin in a diabetes pill. As a result of this drug, sugar is reduced even more than with injections. Also, the question of reducing the quality of digestion and taking large amounts of insulin was not addressed.
The body, therefore, began to receive just such a dosage of insulin, which he needed. All excess was removed along with other substances in a natural way.
Are there any insulin tablets reviews?
Additional information and usage reviews
The use of insulin in the form of tablets can be chosen instead of injections, and this type of drug will be justified for some time. But doctors' reviews suggest that pills at some point may stop lowering blood sugar. That is why it is important to use a glucose meter at home.
Over time, the reserve of beta cells of the pancreas is reduced, which immediately affects the blood sugar level. In particular, glycated hemoglobin testifies to this, reflecting for three months the average degree of sugar in the blood. All diabetics need regular insulin tests and tests.
If the acceptable values are exceeded, you need to think about getting a prescription for insulin. Medical practice data show that in Russia, approximately 23% of patients with type 2 diabetes receive insulin - patients with high blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin, which starts at 10% or more.
This therapy, according to many, is a lifelong addiction to insulin injections. Of course, you can refuse insulin, but this threatens to return to high levels of sugar and the emergence of various complications.
With the right insulin therapy, the patient can be hardy and active.
Symptoms and treatment of type 2 diabetes
If a person develops a second type of diabetes, the symptoms and therapy are in many ways similar to the symptoms and treatment of the first type. Often the onset of the first symptoms is observed only after a few months or even years (latent disease).
During the development of type 2 diabetes, a person has the following symptoms:
- intense thirst and continuous desire to go out of need;
- dizziness, irritation, fatigue;
- visual impairment, which provokes the development of the disease - diabetic retinopathy;
- hunger, even if large amounts of food are consumed;
- drying out of the oral cavity;
- muscle mass reduction;
- rashes and itching of the skin.
If the pathology proceeds for a long time, then the symptoms may worsen. Patients may complain of symptoms of diabetes, such as swelling and pain of the lower extremities, yeast infections, prolonged healing of wounds, numbness of the hands and feet. Symptoms and treatment of type 2 diabetes are interrelated.
Conducting drug therapy
With the second type of diabetes, most people are interested in what medicines to take. A specialist can write out:
- Drugs that increase insulin production are Glipizid, Novonorm, Tolbutamide, Amaril, Diabeton. Mostly mature and young patients normally tolerate these funds, however, the feedback of the elderly is not entirely positive. A drug from this series in some cases can cause adrenal gland disorders and allergies.
- A medicine that reduces glucose absorption in the intestine. In each tablet of the funds from this series there is metformin as an active substance. These include Diaformin, Formin Pliva, Insufor, Gliformin. The effect of drugs is aimed at increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin and stabilizing sugar synthesis in the liver.
- Glycosidase inhibitors, which include Acarbose. This tool acts on enzymes that contribute to the breakdown of complex carbohydrates to glucose, blocking them. Glucose absorption processes slow down as a result.
- "Fenofibrate" is a drug that activates alpha receptors to slow the progression of atherosclerosis. This drug strengthens the blood vessels, improves blood circulation and prevents the occurrence of dangerous complications, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. This is confirmed by the instructions for use.
Insulin tablets will soon be actively used in the treatment of patients. However, the effectiveness of the use of such drugs decreases over time. Therefore, the attending physician may prescribe insulin therapy to the patient.
The second type of diabetes can lead to various complications, and therefore insulin is prescribed to compensate for the concentration of sugar in the blood.
Free drugs
It must be understood that not all drugs that are required for the prevention and treatment of diabetes will be provided free of charge. Such medicines are included in a special list, which is created and approved by the Ministry of Health. This list includes free medicines for essential diabetics. If a person needs a particular tool that is not on the list, he can contact the medical commission for help. Maybe they will consider an individual case and decide to provide the drug for free or at a significant discount.
What does the state offer
Upon receipt of a disability and registration with the endocrinologist, the patient has the right to receive insulin for free. In some regions, you cannot expect to receive this sugar-lowering drug, as there is no money in the state budget. However, sometimes insulin is imported in large quantities, and you can queue to receive it.
It should be noted that some patients refuse insulin injections, saying that in the future they will completely depend on it. But insulin is an indispensable drug, especially with the first type of diabetes, it normalizes the sugar content and prevents the onset of complications.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, free medications include various means to normalize the patient’s blood glucose. Tablets with the first type do not help, but with the second type of pathology they are quite effective if the pancreas still produces insulin on its own.
Insulin pens or syringes may also be provided. To make injections for a disease, you need to use special syringe pens (very convenient and practical) or syringes. In accordance with the law, a person has the right to receive syringes and needles free of charge.
The state is ready to provide funds for the diagnosis of the disease. These include test strips and blood glucose meters. With the help of these measuring devices, a person controls the sugar content. Devices are issued for the purpose that the patient conducts daily tests.
For people with the second type of diabetes, the same drugs are provided as for the first type. If you refuse to provide drugs free of charge, you must contact the authorities responsible for this and seek compliance with the law and justice.
Insulin for children
In the treatment of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents, ultrashort insulins - NovoRapid and Humalog - occupy a special place.
When injected under the skin, these drugs have an accelerated onset and culmination of influence, parallel to the degree of post-nutritional hyperglycemia, a shorter duration, which allows you to enter these funds immediately before eating, avoiding frequent snacking, if desired.
The latest achievement in the field of insulin therapy is the introduction of Lantus insulin into clinical practice. It is the first peakless analogue of human insulin with action 24 hours.
“Detemir” is also a peakless analogue with a long-lasting effect, its prolonging effect is achieved by attaching a chain of fourteen residues of B-chain fatty acids in the 29th position. The drug is administered twice a day.
There are no insulin tablets for children on sale yet.
Mixed
These combined preparations include short-acting and medium-duration insulins in various proportions - 50 to 50 or 90 to 10. They are considered very convenient, since their use makes it possible to reduce the number of injections. But in pediatrics they are not widely used because of the need to change the dosage of short insulin in a patient, depending on the values of glycemia. With stable diabetes mellitus (especially in the early years), good compensation is achieved through mixed insulin.
Insulin in a pharmacy costs from 350 to 8000 rubles. depending on the manufacturer and dosage.
Conclusion
Now, insulin in the form of tablets is used as an experiment, research is still ongoing in this area. But there are already a large number of advantages compared to injections. However, there are a number of disadvantages. For example, high cost, but still difficult to acquire.
We examined insulin tablets. The names of most drugs are still unknown.