The concept of "art" is known to everyone. It surrounds us throughout life. Art plays a large role in the development of mankind. It appeared long before the creation of writing. From our article you can learn about the role and tasks.
What is art? general information
The concept of "art" is quite multifaceted. Usually it means a branch of human activity that can satisfy one spiritual need, namely, love for the beautiful. Art is a special form of social consciousness. That it is an artistic reflection of human life. Thanks to him, you can find out how people lived in that different time period.
The very first author to discover the concept of “art” was Charles Bateau. He created a whole treatise in which he classified this branch of human activity. His book, Fine Arts, Reduced to One Principle, was published in 1746. Charles Bateau believes that they can be determined by several criteria. The author is sure that art brings pleasure, and also it has a spiritual, not physical character.
The concept of "art" includes painting, music, poetry, architecture and much more that we encounter daily. Any kind of artistic activity is characterized by certain positive qualities. Each area of art has a special way of reproducing reality and artistic tasks. All types of artistic activity are divided into genera and genres.
Usually art is divided into three groups:
- tonic (music and poetry);
- figurative (architecture, painting and sculpture);
- mixed (choreography, acting, oratory and others).
There are various types of art:
- spatial, in which, thanks to the construction, a visible image is revealed (sculpture, architecture);
- temporary, in which the real-time composition (poetry, music) takes on importance;
- spatio-temporal - spectacular art (circus performance, cinema, choreography).
Graphic arts
The art of graphics is a view that includes drawing and printed graphics of images (engraving, minotopy, and more). Her expressive means are contour, stroke, background and spot. It is known that this is the most popular type of fine art. In its content and form, the graphic has much in common with painting.
Engraving is a type of graphic in which a drawing is a print. Apply it with a special engraver. Engraving can be depicted on metal, wood and linoleum.
Another popular form of graphics is lithography. This is a special way of flat printing, in which the surface of the stone is the printing form. This type of art was invented in 1798. The image is applied to the stone using a special mascara or pencil.
The art of graphics is the oldest of all. The first images have existed since the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Our ancestors scratched a picture on the walls of caves and rocks. After some time, the images were applied to weapons and household items. After writing appeared, graphics were used in the design of letters, books and letters.
The methods of copying drawings for many years were unknown. That is why all the images were created in a single copy. It is no secret that today such graphic drawings are in demand among collectors.
In the middle of the 20th century, specialists began to develop the technique of black and white graphics. More than 20 graphic texture options have been created. Training manuals have been published. Today, graphics occupies a leading position in art.
Bento
Bento is an unusual art for children and adults. It is no secret that many parents do not know how to accustom their child to a healthy diet. Today, on the shelves of shops there is a large selection of harmful and even dangerous food. A new form of art, bento, may come to the rescue. It appeared in China. The Chinese call this term food that they pack in special boxes and take with them to study or work. Bento is a work of art that can be eaten. Talented housewives and cooks create figures and small paintings from food. The main difference between such a meal is the balance and the presence of a large number of vitamins. The Chinese create an edible work of art only from wholesome food.
Bento is an art for children and adults, thanks to which the child will enjoy healthy foods with pleasure. It is not so popular with us yet, but several masters who have mastered this technique are already known.
The influence of art on the consciousness and life of a child. How to explain to a child modern works of artistic activity?
Art plays an important role in the life of a child and the development of his personality. Today, absolutely everyone should have at least basic knowledge about a particular field of activity. Society is developing rapidly, and therefore each person should be multifaceted. Many modern parents try to instill in their child a love of art as early as possible. For this, a considerable number of educational methods have been developed that can be used from the first months of a child’s life.
The concept of the types of art the child receives at school. Usually, parents, teachers and educators pay much attention to writing, reading, counting and other subjects for which the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible. For the development of the right, you will need to do music, dance and other arts. It is important to develop both hemispheres of the brain in order to become a fully formed personality in the future.
Thanks to the mastery of art in a child:
- personality is formed;
- increased level of intellectual potential;
- moral guidelines are formed;
- the ability of creative thinking develops;
- self-confidence appears and self-esteem increases;
- memory and attention develops;
- broadens the horizons.
In order to acquaint the child with art, it is important first of all to organize a zone in which all the materials necessary for creative activity will be stored. You will need to have several books on art at home. From early childhood, the child needs to read them. It is important to discuss everything learned. To get acquainted with art, you will need to visit museums, galleries, theaters and exhibitions with your child at least once a month. In no case should you throw away drawings, applications and crafts created by the hands of children. Thanks to them, you can see the creative growth of the child. It is also important to record him as soon as possible in a thematic circle, classes in which he will like.
Some works of modern art are puzzling not only children but also adults. Often, one or another child does not understand the architecture that was designed by modernists. It is important to explain to the student that any work of art is an important stage in the development of mankind.
Many questions in children are caused by abstract paintings. There are a considerable number of special publications thanks to which parents can show their child how difficult it is to create such an artwork. One of them is "Kandinsky to himself."
Often, children are interested in whether modern and primitive art can be compared. You can find out this and much more in our article.
Art. The history of its development in Russia
A large number of diverse types of arts are known. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. What is art, almost everyone knows. Children are introduced to him at a young age.
Fine art is a type of artistic activity, thanks to which the master can, using special means, reproduce the world around him. His history in Russia is divided into two periods, the border of which was marked by the Petrine reforms. In ancient Russia, painting was closely associated with icon veneration. The icons had their own peculiar artistic style. The purpose of such works of art is to show prayer composure and peace in communion with God. This explains the presence in the icons of the presence of some artistic means. Over time, the masters mastered the Byzantine style, icon-painting schools opened. The most famous work is the Trinity by A. Rublev. The icons of the 15-16th centuries are distinguished by the harmony of colors.
In the 17th century, the icons of the "Fryzhsky writing" were popular. They are characterized by elements of Western European painting, namely oil paints, the likeness of black and white modeling, accurate depiction of people and nature. Interest in the icon as a work of art arises only in the 19th century.
Old Russian sculpture existed in the form of stone and wood carvings. Most often, the masters depicted the images of saints. Particular attention was paid to the face. In the 18-19th centuries sculptors and painters from other countries were in demand. After some time, domestic masters became popular.
In the 18th century, academicism in painting became the most popular . It is characterized by the rigor of the picture, the conventionality of color and the use of plots from the Bible and mythology. So, national art gradually emerged.
In 1860-1880, the first galleries were opened, and domestic masters became famous throughout the world. Gradually new directions are emerging. Each of them has occupied an important place in the formation of cultural heritage. In the 18-19th centuries, mankind not only knew what fine art was, but also actively used it.
Topics Revealed in Art
Surprisingly, all the topics and problems that the masters reveal in their works of art are relevant for many centuries. The ancient Romans claimed that art, unlike human life, is eternal. This is no coincidence. Topics in art illuminate social problems, which are often found today. That is why they are of great value to humanity. Masters often reveal in their works the theme of love, nature and friendship.
Over time, directions in art change and new masters appear, but themes and images remain unchanged. That is why any work remains relevant for many years.
Art and its role
The role of art in society is invaluable. It is based on an artistic-figurative reflection of reality. Art forms the spiritual appearance of people, their feelings, thoughts and worldview. The imaginative recreation of reality creates our personality. Art helps to develop and improve. And also to know the world around him and himself.
Art is a cultural heritage. Thanks to artwork, you can find out how people lived at one time or another. Recently, various art techniques have been especially popular. Thanks to art, you can learn to control yourself. By creating an art object, you can forget about the problems and get rid of depression.
Art and its tasks
Maxim Gorky believed that the tasks of art consist in the moral and aesthetic assessment of all significant phenomena. The writer said that thanks to this, you can learn to understand yourself, fight vulgarity, be able to understand people and find something good in them. Today, three functions of artistic activity are known. The tasks of art are research, journalism and education. Masters believe that the function of artistic activity is to bring beauty to the souls and hearts of people. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol argued that the task of art is to depict reality.
Modern and primitive art
Many are interested in whether it is possible to compare contemporary and primitive art. At first glance, this is impossible. However, it is not. If we perceive art as a way of self-expression of a person, then both modern and primitive are on the same plane. Comparing them, we can understand how the perception of man has changed.
Human thinking has become more abstract. This indicates an active development of intelligence. Over time, man changed priorities and today perceives life differently from primitive ancestors. Previously, masters were interested in the appearance of the subject and its form, but now the main role in the works is occupied by emotions. This difference has existed since the end of the 19th century.
To summarize
It is important from an early age to develop not only the left, but also the right hemisphere of the brain. To do this, you need to do art. It is especially important to pay due attention to the creative development of the child. We strongly recommend doing this from the first years of his life. Not everyone understands the role, tasks and types of art. The briefly described information in our article allows you to get basic knowledge about various artistic fields of activity.