In childhood, children encounter various diseases from which they still do not have immunity. One of them is chicken pox. This term is used by specialists to indicate an infectious infection, which is characterized by a benign course, moderate general intoxication of the body, fever, rash on the skin and mucous membranes. What features does chickenpox have and how is it treated? What ICD-10 code is inherent in it? We will try to find answers to these questions.
General disease information and statistics
Chickenpox is one of the common childhood ailments. It is found all over the world. In the temperate zone, the disease mainly occurs in the cold season. In countries with a tropical climate, the disease is not inherent in seasonality. Chicken pox (code according to ICD-10 - B01) occurs at any time of the year and not only in children but also in adults.
Statistics show that every year about 80–90 million people experience this disease. In some cases, death occurs due to complications. Fatalities per 10 thousand patients, as a rule, are from 2 to 4. Specialists, commenting on deaths, note that those patients who have severe lesions of the central nervous system, immunodeficiency states, and oncohematological diseases die.
Causes of chickenpox
The disease occurs in children. It can develop from birth, but this is prevented by passive immunity, which is transmitted to each baby from the mother through breast milk. That is why chickenpox (code for ICD-10 - B01) in some children first occurs at the age of 6 months.
The disease develops in connection with the ingestion of the Varicella-Zoster virus from the herpes virus family. Its penetration is carried out by airborne droplets (infection comes from a sick person). The mucous membrane lining the upper respiratory tract serves as an entry gate for infection. In rare cases, the pathway of chickenpox infection is contact.
What happens after a virus enters the body? Initially, it enters the lymphatic tract, and then penetrates the blood vessels. With blood flow, the pathogen spreads throughout the body. The final place of his stay are the epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes. On them, due to the activity of the virus, a rash appears in the form of vesicles with serous contents.
Symptoms of the disease
Chicken pox in children (code-code according to ICD-10 - B01) makes itself felt not immediately after the virus enters the human body. First, the incubation period begins, in which the average duration is from 14 to 17 days. During it, the infected person feels as usual. Nothing bothers him. The first symptoms that occur after the incubation period are associated with a short prodromal period. At the patient:
- body temperature rises to 37–38 degrees;
- there is a general malaise;
- appetite worsens;
- restless sleep is observed.
Rashes occur simultaneously with an increase in body temperature. The places of their localization are the face, scalp, trunk, limbs. On the soles and palms, pathological changes are not observed. In those places where rashes occur, they notice changes that characterize the period of chickenpox. At first they are roseola, small spots that turn into papules. Later, oval or rounded vesicles appear. They contain liquid. Such bubbles last about 1 or 2 days, after which they open. The contents resulting from them dry out and form crusts in this place, which disappear after about 1 or 2 weeks.
Forms of chickenpox
The symptoms listed above may be mild in some cases and severely manifested in others. This means that the clinical picture of chickenpox depends on the form of this ailment and its severity. To understand the essence of this, consider the forms of the disease. Chicken pox (ICD-10 code - B01) is typical and atypical. A typical variety is subdivided into:
- On the light. With this form of chickenpox, the temperature does not rise above 38 degrees. Rashes on the skin and mucous membranes are not abundant, and intoxication of the body is not observed at all.
- To moderate. Chicken pox of this form is manifested by an increase in temperature to 39 degrees. Bubble rashes are plentiful. Symptoms of intoxication of the human body are moderate.
- On heavy. With severe chickenpox, the temperature rises to 40 degrees. There are a lot of rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. Patients may develop neurotoxicosis with a convulsive symptom and meningoencephalitic reactions.
Atypical chickenpox, which is not too common, is also divided into several forms. For example, a disease is rudimentary. With it, single and insufficiently developed vesicles with serous contents are observed. Body temperature does not exceed 38 degrees. There is still a generalized form. Such chickenpox is characterized by high body temperature, involvement of internal organs in the pathological process, and severe intoxication of the body.
ICD-10 B01, chickenpox: possible complications
Chickenpox does not always occur according to the standard developmental scheme (infection - incubation period - temperature rise - rashes - vesicles formation and opening - the appearance of crusts - their falling off - the onset of clinical recovery no earlier than 10 days from the onset of the disease). Some patients have complications. They are observed in about 15% of cases. Complications develop when the virus acts on a weakened body and when pathogenic microorganisms enter the opened vesicles (i.e., when a bacterial infection is attached).
Common complications of chickenpox include abscesses, foci of suppuration, necrotic and hemorrhagic phenomena. Rare, but at the same time very dangerous consequences are chickenpox pneumonia, poorly treatable with antibiotics, sepsis.
Diagnosing chickenpox
The diagnosis can be made by specialists after familiarizing themselves with the clinical picture. The use of any diagnostic methods is not required. In rare cases, laboratory tests are performed:
- RSK (complement binding reaction, serological analysis method);
- virological methods for isolation and identification of the causative agent of the disease.
Differential diagnosis is sometimes required. Medical workers perform it in cases of suspected generalized herpes infection, pyoderma, allergic rash, and insect bites.
Chicken pox treatment
When the febrile period begins, the patient is prescribed bed rest. Experts recommend conducting treatment aimed at combating intoxication of the body. They also advise that the hygiene measures necessary to quickly and effectively cure the disease B01 (ICD-10 code) be followed. Chicken pox will pass if you constantly process the bubbles. This procedure is performed using aqueous solutions of brilliant green or methylene blue. Processing is carried out twice a day. When crusts form, they begin to be lubricated with a fat baby cream or petroleum jelly to accelerate the process of falling off and restoring the skin.
Doctors prescribe antihistamines for children who suffer from itching. These drugs can get rid of an unpleasant symptom. If there is a risk of developing severe chickenpox, then experts advise using antiviral drugs with an antiherpetic effect (for example, “Acyclovir”, interferon preparations, “Viferon” suppositories).
Protecting healthy children from the sick
Chicken pox (chickenpox) in children is considered a very contagious disease. We examined the causes and symptoms above, and now we will move on to the measures that parents of sick children should take to prevent the spread of the virus. From the first day of illness until complete recovery, isolation from those around you is required. Patients should be at home.
Special measures regarding the disinfection of the premises are not required, since it is known that the virus in the environment is not too persistent. He dies pretty quickly. It is enough for parents to follow normal hygiene standards, including frequent ventilation of the room in which the sick child is located, regular wet cleaning.
Nonspecific preventive measures
To prevent the occurrence of smallpox in healthy children, non-specific prophylaxis is required. If a child in a children's team falls ill, then he should be isolated at home until recovery. Sometimes isolation in the hospital is required. A child is sent to the hospital when he has severe chicken pox (code for ICD-10 - B01), complications are detected.
If some children were in contact with a sick child, then they are also isolated at home. They are being monitored. In the institution they visited (in kindergarten or school), the inscription “Chicken pox quarantine” appears at this time.
Specific disease prevention
Specific prophylaxis is the use of developed vaccines for the prevention of B01 disease (ICD-10 code). Chicken pox (chickenpox) does not occur due to them, eliminating the likelihood of serious complications. In Russia, 2 varicella vaccines are currently registered. One of them is Varilrix, and the other is Okavax.
Each vaccine contains attenuated viruses. After their introduction, the body copes with them. As a result, immunity is produced. It is worth noting that Okavax is administered once, and Varilrix is administered twice.
Chicken pox is a disease that humanity is constantly confronted with. In most cases, it goes without a trace, but sometimes life-threatening complications develop. That is why you should not treat chickenpox as a safe disease. If you experience suspicious symptoms, you need to visit a doctor. He will say whether it is chickenpox. The reasons, the treatment of chickenpox, the specialist will also name and give the necessary advice.