As can be concluded from the instructions for use, Zinnat 250 mg tablets are designed as a medicine effective against many inflammatory processes. It is prescribed if the patient is shown antibiotic therapy. It is preliminary reasonable to check the susceptibility of pathological flora to the active ingredient of the drug. "Zinnat" is taken only as directed by the attending doctor.
Technical information
The instructions for use with Zinnat tablets 250 mg specify the active ingredient of the drug: cefuroxime. The drug is contained in the form of an axetil, transforming in the body into an active molecule. Each tablet has a white or close to this shade. There is an engraving on one of the surfaces. The tablets are oval and convex on both sides. If you cut one of them, you can see the white core. The hue may differ from white, but will be as close to it as possible.
As additional substances, the manufacturer used carmellose, cellulose, magnesium compounds and oil. For the production of the shell used mellose, coloring components, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propylene glycol.
A detailed study of the composition of the drug is necessary for people suffering from allergies to various substances used in the pharmaceutical industry. If it is known that there is a sensitization response to something, you need to warn the doctor prescribing the remedy about this.
Pharmacology
The instructions for Zinnat 250 mg specify the affiliation of the drug to the second generation of cephalosporins. The axetyl of the active compound is the molecule preceding cefuroxime. Cefuroxime is a bactericidal component related to the second generation of cephalosporins. Its effectiveness in the fight against a variety of pathological life forms that initiate human diseases has been proved. This includes strains that generate beta-lactamase. Cefuroxime is characterized by stability when bacteria enter beta-lactamases, which is why the drug is prescribed to combat diseases caused by strains resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin.
The bactericidal effect is due to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall generation. This is guaranteed by the entry of the drug in connection with the target proteins.
Bacteria and medicine
The instructions to Zinnat 250 mg indicate the fact of acquired resistance of pathological life forms. The prevalence of this phenomenon is determined by the terrain. It is noted that over time, resistance can increase, reaching a very high level. Before prescribing a drug, the doctor should clarify local information about its susceptibility. This is especially important if it is intended to treat a serious illness that is problematic in the treatment of infection.
In laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of the active component of the drug in the fight against gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci, including beta-hemolytic forms has been proven. Among gram-negative forms, the drug reliably blocks the vital activity of hemophilic bacillus, including strains resistant to amoxicillin. The medicine is prescribed for infection with moraxella, neisseria. Can be used in the fight against varieties capable of producing penicillinase. The reliability of the drug against peptostreptococci, borrelia, propionibacterum has been proven.
Possible durability
In the instructions for use of Zinnat 250 mg, the manufacturer specifies the fact of possible resistance to the active ingredient of the drug from the side of the cytobacter, some forms of streptococci, enterobacter and colic escheria. The resistance of Klebsiella, Proteus, Clostridia is possible. It is known that sometimes resistance is formed in bacteroids, fusobacterium.
Guaranteed does not help
Some enterococci, listeria are distinguished from nature by a high level of resistance to the considered drug. It makes no sense to use the drug in the fight against acinetobacter, burkolderiya, campylobacter, some pseudomonads and proteins.
Morganella and serattia, stenotrophomonads, clostridia, and some bacteroids are resistant to the product in question. The drug will not help with infection with strains of mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella.
Kinetics
In the instructions for use of Zinnat 250 mg, the manufacturer indicates the ability of the main component of the drug to be rapidly absorbed during passage of the gastrointestinal tract. The medicinal ingredient is hydrolyzed. The reaction proceeds in the intestinal mucous membranes, in the circulatory system. The process is accompanied by the release of cefuroxime. The best absorption rates were recorded when using a pharmaceutical product with a film as a shell. It is advisable to take medication after a meal. The maximum concentration of the active substance reaches 4.1 mg / l and is fixed after a couple of hours after taking the medicine as the final moment of the meal.
The ability to associate with whey proteins reaches 50%. The specific process parameters depend on the chosen research method. The active ingredient does not transform in the human body. The half-life is estimated at an hour and a half. Isolation is carried out by filtration of the renal glomeruli, secretion by the tubules of the organ.
Special occasion
The instructions for Zinnat tablets of 250 mg clarify the fact of studying the kinetic parameters of the drug in people suffering from renal impairment of different severity levels. The half-life becomes longer as the functionality of the organ worsens. The manufacturer recommends adjusting the dosage, focusing on the performance of the body.
If the patient is shown hemodialysis, about 60% of the antibiotic available in the blood at the beginning of the procedure is excreted in a four-hour period. A single dose of the drug should be consumed after dialysis.
When recommended?
Zinnat tablets containing the active ingredient in an amount of 250 mg are indicated for infectious diseases and the appearance of an inflammatory focus in the body. The drug is prescribed only with the sensitivity of a dangerous life form to the active compound.
You can use the drug for infection of the respiratory system: ENT organs, upper and lower airways. Indications are otitis media, sinusitis, pulmonary inflammation, acute bronchitis or relapse of a chronic course.
You can use the medicine to combat genitourinary infections: cystitis, urethritis, and other similar localization.
The medicine is prescribed for pyoderma and other skin infections, with inflammatory foci in the soft tissues.
Zinnat will help in the treatment of gonorrhea, especially in cases of cervicitis, acute urethritis without complications.
The instructions for Zinnat tablets 250 mg indicate the possibility of using the drug in the fight against Lyme disease. The medicine is prescribed if the disease is at an early stage. It can be used as a preventive measure of the transition to the late stage of borreliosis. With such indications, “Zinnat” is prescribed only to persons over the age of twelve.
Options and Forms
On drugstore shelves you can find the drug "Zinacef." It contains the same active ingredient as Zinnat, but represented by sodium salt. The powder is diluted for injective administration. Combining Zinacef and Zinnat, you can practice the drug course in several consecutive steps. First, the patient is prescribed injections, then they switch to the oral form, if the course of the disease requires it.
Step treatment can be used to combat pneumonia. Sometimes the same course requires a relapse of the chronic course of bronchitis.
The susceptibility of pathological life forms of a drug compound in different regions and regions is somewhat different. This phenomenon changes over time. If there is local information about the susceptibility of the drug to bacteria, it is very important to consider such reports.
How to use?
In the instructions for the use of Zinnat 250 mg tablets, the manufacturer indicates the rules for dosing the medication. Typically, a drug is prescribed in a seven-day program. Sometimes the duration is reduced by two days, sometimes the treatment is extended to ten days. So that the product is well absorbed, it is consumed after meals. For adults, for the treatment of most diseases, it is enough to receive 250 mg of the drug twice a day.
With urethritis 2 times a day, half is shown. This is also required by cystitis and some other pathologies of the genitourinary system.
With a mild and moderate infection of the respiratory system, with pyelonephritis, it is enough to receive a quarter of a gram of medicine twice daily. Twice more than twice a day is indicated for severe infection of the lower airways.
500 mg 2 times a day is prescribed if pulmonary inflammation is expected, Lyme disease is established in a patient older than twelve years of age.
In case of gonorrhea, which is not accompanied by a complication, Zinnat is used once in the amount of one gram.
Pneumonia and bronchitis
For pulmonary inflammation, stepwise treatment is recommended. First, the patient is prescribed injective administration up to three times daily “Zinacefa” in the amount of one and a half grams. The duration of the course is from two to three days. Then go to the form for oral administration. A single dose is 0.5 g. Frequency is twice daily. Duration - up to 10 days.
With a relapse of bronchitis, which has formed in a chronic form, 750 mg of the drug is first prescribed for injective administration. "Zinacef" is used up to three times daily. The duration of the program is up to three days. Then they switch to an oral form. "Zinnat" is prescribed in an amount of 0.5 g for 5-10 days. The drug is used twice daily.
Children: special occasion
It is allowed to prescribe the drug in question for children. Instructions "Zinnat" 250 mg is allowed from the age of three. To treat most of the diseases in which the medication is effective, it is enough to take 125 mg of the active ingredient twice a day. The maximum daily dose for this age group is a quarter of a gram. With an average otitis media and infection in a more severe form, it is indicated to consume a quarter of a gram of the drug twice a day. The maximum per day is 0.5 g. You can use the described tablets, you can take two pieces in half the dosage.
When prescribing Zinnat 250 mg to children, the doctor will definitely pay attention: it is necessary to use the medicine tablets completely, whole, without crumbling or breaking. If the child is very small and unable to swallow the pill completely, Zinnat is not used. It is forbidden to use the product if swallowing problems are observed. It must be remembered that young children cannot swallow large objects. If you need to choose a therapeutic program, you should pay attention to the “Zinnat” in the form of granules presented on the pharmacy shelves. Using this option, you can make a suspension, which the child will take without much difficulty.
Renal Function and Dosage
Prescribing Zinnat tablets 250 mg to children and adults, the doctor takes into account how efficiently the patient’s kidneys work. The active compound is predominantly eliminated by the renal system. Therefore, dose reduction is required for certain organ performance problems. Oriented to creatinine clearance. If there are more than 30 units, the half-life of Zinnat is estimated at 1.4–2.4 hours, which means that a special dose adjustment is not necessary. With creatinine clearance within 10–29 units, the half-life increases to 4.6 hours, so the drug is used only once a day, using a standard volume.
With creatinine clearance of less than 10 units, the half-life reaches 17 hours, the drug is prescribed for administration once every two days. If the patient is prescribed hemodialysis, during the procedure, the half-life of Zinnat is estimated at an average of three hours (with a deviation of one hour up and down). When prescribing Zinnat tablets 250 mg for adults who have to undergo hemodialysis for children, the doctor should prescribe this drug after the blood dialysis procedure. The patient should use an additional single serving.
Side effects
As noted in the reviews, Zinnat 250 mg tablets rarely provoke undesirable body reactions. If these arise, they do not last long, are weakly expressed. Negative effects are usually reversible. It is known that in a relatively large number of patients, the development of Candida colonies is observed. Possible increase in the concentration of eosinophils in the blood. There is a likelihood of thrombocyte, leukopenia, anemia. Coombs test may be positive. All cephalosporins are absorbed on the surfaces of erythrocyte membranes, come into contact with antibodies, and as a result there is a positive response during the Coombs test. Possible allergic reaction, sensitization of the body. Manifestations are skin rashes, itchy foci, urticaria. There is a possibility of fever, serum sickness, strangulation. Some have headaches and dizzy.
Zinnat 250 mg tablets can cause nausea, abdominal pain, and increased liver enzyme activity. Occasionally, patients vomit, some develop colitis. Hepatitis and jaundice were rarely recorded. There is a danger of erythema, necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson disease.
Sometimes you can’t
Zinnat tablets 250 mg are not prescribed to persons under the age of three. For such patients, only a granular preparation with a similar composition is prescribed, prescribed from three months of age.
You can not use the medication if an increased susceptibility of antimicrobial beta-lactam type drugs is established. It is forbidden to use "Zinnat" in a sensitization reaction against cephalosporin antibiotics, carbapenems, penicillins, if there is any mention of this in the patient’s medical history.
Possible but neat
It is allowed to prescribe Zinnat 250 mg tablets if renal function is impaired, but this condition requires careful monitoring of vital signs. It is important to carefully treat patients with intestinal, gastric diseases, ulcerative colitis. Particular attention is required to pregnant, lactating women.
Zinnat 250 mg tablets are prescribed for pregnant women only when the obvious benefit to the woman far exceeds the potential danger to the fetus. Similar conditions require the use of the drug during lactation.
So far, no experiments have been conducted that would prove the danger of the drug to the embryo. There is no reliable information on teratogenic and other aggressive effects of the active ingredient. The manufacturer advises very carefully to prescribe the pharmaceutical product in question in the first third of the gestation period.
How many?
For a patient who has been prescribed a medication, it is usually curious not only to read the instructions for the tablets. The price of Zinnat 250 mg is no less interesting. Today in pharmacies, this drug can be purchased on average for 400 rubles. For this price, the buyer receives a package with a dozen tablets. Release options with a lower dosage of the active ingredient are somewhat cheaper. Zinnat 125 mg can be bought for 230 rubles.
Destination Features
Before prescribing the patient “Zinnat”, the doctor specifies an allergological history. The entire duration of the therapeutic program needs to check the functionality of the renal system. This is especially important if the pharmaceutical product is prescribed in a high dosage. During the period of use of the product, there is the likelihood of a false positive reaction when checking the sugar content in urine.
Prolonged use of the drug in question is accompanied by the risk of developing colonies of Candida fungi. This is inherent in the long-term use of almost any antimicrobial drug. Prolonged use of the medication in question is accompanied by the danger of the active development of bacteria resistant to the active ingredient. This is more likely with respect to forms of clostridia, enterococcus. If such a development of the disease is detected, Zinnat is canceled.
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