The work of Mikhail Afanasevich Bulgakov is an incredible phenomenon in the artistic culture of the 20th century.
The tragic fate of the master, who did not have the opportunity to be printed and appreciated, is known to many. For thirteen years, Bulgakov could not get through to the publishers and see at least one of his work in the press.
The ideological basis of the story
The name of this author , widely known to date , appeared in literature for the first time during the Soviet era. He had to experience all the difficulties and features of the Soviet reality of the thirties. Earlier, the writer’s childhood and youth passed in Kiev, and more mature years - already in Moscow. It was during his stay in Moscow that the novel “The Heart of a Dog” was written. The theme of absurd disharmony is revealed in it with exquisite skill and talent, which took place solely due to human intervention in the eternal laws of nature.
Dog Heart is a filigree example of satirical fiction. If satirical works simply state facts, then the goal of satirical fiction is a warning about the potential consequences of human activity. This is what Mikhail Bulgakov says in his story. “Dog Heart” is a work in which the eminent master displayed his ideas regarding the need for non-interference in the normal course of evolution. He believes that violent, aggressive innovations cannot take place here, that everything should go.
as usual. This theme has been and remains eternal both in Bulgakov’s time and in the 21st century.
An analysis of Bulgakov’s novel “Dog’s Heart” only helps to understand that the revolution that took place in Russia was not the result of rational and gradual spiritual development of the whole society and each person individually, but just a meaningless premature experiment. But, according to the author, in order to avoid all the terrible consequences awaiting society, it is enough to create the situation in the country that existed before the revolution.
Professor Preobrazhensky
The heroes of “Heart of a Dog” by Bulgakov are the most typical Moscow inhabitants of the thirties of the last century. One of the main characters in action is Professor Preobrazhensky. This person is democratic both in origin and in conviction. He is a great scientist, and his desire is to help people without harming them. Being a well-known and educated representative of medicine, the Preobrazhensky processor is engaged in operations aimed at rejuvenating aging ladies. He decides on an operation during which a part of the human brain will be transplanted to the dog. The professor’s “patient” was an ordinary dog named Sharik.
Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov
The results of the experiment were amazing. “A new man” was born - Sharikov, who, as conceived by the writer, is an image of a Soviet man. In the novel "Heart of a Dog", the analysis of which is rather difficult for many reasons, Mikhail Bulgakov showed the average representative of the Soviet era: an alcoholic with three convictions. It is from such people, according to the author, that it is planned to build a new society.
The "new man" even needed a full name - Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. Like any other layman, he longs to break out into people, but does not understand at all how this can be achieved. The character of the hero leaves much to be desired, he is aggressive and arrogant, Professor Preobrazhensky constantly has conflicts with him.
Insolence, hypocrisy and deceit — these are the qualities in Soviet man that Bulgakov wanted to expose. “Dog’s heart” (analysis of the work confirms this) shows how unbearable and unpromising the state of society is. Sharikov does not seek to learn anything, he remains an ignorant slopp. Professor Preobrazhensky is terribly dissatisfied with his ward, to which he replies that at such a time everyone has their own rights.
Schwonder
In his unwillingness to become a useful member of the society, Polygraph Poligrafovich is not alone, he finds his “like-minded person” - Schwonder, who works as the chairman of the house committee. Schwonder becomes Sharikov's ideal mentor and begins to teach him Soviet life. He provides the newly-minted "man" with literature for study, from which he draws only one conclusion - everything must be shared. So at that moment Sharikov became a “real” person, he realized that the main aspirations of the powers that be are robbery and theft. This author showed in his story "Dog Heart". An analysis of the behavior of the main characters proves that the main principle of social ideology, that is, the so-called equality, can lead exclusively to negative consequences.
Sharikov's work
Significant in understanding the images of the story is the work to which Polygraph Poligrafovich arrives. He disappears for some time from the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky, whom he is already pretty tired of, and then appears again, but very badly
smelling. Sharikov explains to his creator that he found a job and is now engaged in trapping
stray animals in the city.
This episode shows how close the main character is to complete reincarnation, because he has already begun to "hunt" for animals, forgetting that he has a canine heart inside. The analysis of the hero accurately demonstrates all the qualities that are propagated in human society. The last betrayal in Sharikov’s life was the denunciation of the professor himself, after which Preobrazhensky decided to turn everything around and turned Polygraph Poligrafovich back into Sharik.
Output
Unfortunately, such changes usually occur much more complicated and longer than in the story “Heart of a Dog”. An analysis of it proves that the author showed the possibility of changes, but whether or not to implement them, whether to become a righteous and honest person, everyone decides independently.