The inflammatory process of the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach is superficial gastroduodenitis. With timely treatment, the symptoms quickly stop, and the prognosis becomes favorable. Against the background of inflammation, the work of the glands does not change, the increased or normal acidity of the digestive juice remains. With the exception of the mucous membrane, all parts of the stomach and upper intestines are functional. This ailment provokes other, more severe forms of the disease.
Classification
According to the development of pathology, the following forms of superficial gastroduodenitis are distinguished:
- Focal. In this case, individual sections of the intestinal mucosa are affected. This form of the disease is a provocateur of peptic ulcer. If untreated, the inflammatory process spreads, capturing new tissues and organs, and ultimately leads to cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
- Diffuse. With this form of development, the stomach, the tail of the duodenum and upper intestinal epithelial layers are affected. Symptoms stop after a course of treatment with medications in conjunction with diet.
By the nature of the course:
- Erythematous. It is characterized as the initial form of the disease, in which the signs are manifested by slight discomfort after eating and a decrease in appetite.
- Acute. A more vivid manifestation of all the signs of the disease: heartburn, cramping pain in the stomach, white plaque in the tongue, headache.
- Chronic. It develops in the absence or improper treatment of the previous form of the disease. Symptoms are less pronounced. Periods of exacerbation are replaced by remission. In the case of transition to this stage, the risk of developing serious complications is high.
Diffuse superficial gastroduodenitis: what is it?
In this case, the process of inflammation is most pronounced and affects a vast area. It is characterized by edema, which can be of varying degrees and hyperemia of the surface of the entire mucosa of the duodenum and stomach, which is clearly visible during an endoscopic examination. The clinical picture is saturated. In adult patients, the disease is most severely tolerated. This form of manifestation of gastroduodenitis is quite common among all failures in the gastrointestinal system of the individual. The lack of complex therapy or non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations provokes the development of complications.
Superficial gastroduodenitis: what is it and how to treat it?
This is one of the polyetiological diseases that is often found in gastroenterological practice, but at the same time it is the most common form of gastroduodenitis. The name of the pathology reflects the degree of damage to the intestinal and gastric mucosa, i.e., with this disease, its disorders are shallow (superficial) and reversible with timely and high-quality therapy. The treatment is carried out at home. One of the most important conditions for a full recovery is considered dietary nutrition and taking medications prescribed by a doctor. The average duration of therapy is ten days.
Causes
Several factors are known that provoke the disease, but a violation of the rules of a healthy diet is considered the main reason.
In addition, it can cause:
- Helicobacter pylori;
- long-term use of antibacterial agents;
- bad habits;
- hungry diets;
- poisoning with toxic or toxic substances;
- tendency to allergic reactions;
- the use of alcohol-containing drinks in large quantities;
- a history of intestinal disease;
- constant stress, overvoltage;
- heredity;
- chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver and urinary tract.
Clinical picture
The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that in the initial phase of development the clinic is almost not expressed and, as a result, late diagnosis. Discomfort occurs only during an exacerbation. The main symptom by which this pathology can be suspected is the so-called hungry pain, they appear with an empty stomach in the morning. After eating, they pass.
However, they may return again in the evening two or three hours after dinner. The pain is usually concentrated in the left hypochondrium. In addition, symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis are manifested:
- chronic fatigue;
- nausea
- weakness
- vomiting
- headache;
- bitter or sour taste in the mouth;
- belching, having an unpleasant odor;
- heartburn;
- white coating on the tongue;
- increased gas formation;
- bloating;
- a feeling of overflow and heaviness in the stomach with any even the smallest meal;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- lack or loss of appetite;
- weight loss.
Inflammation leads to a violation of the metabolism of vitamins. Some time after the development of the disease, there are signs of a lack of vitamins of groups B, A, C. The clinic of the disease varies with different course, forms, in children and adults.
Symptoms of the disease in children
The course of the pathology can be both acute and chronic. Superficial gastroduodenitis in children is manifested by the following symptoms:
- rumbling in the stomach;
- bad taste in the oral cavity;
- short-term pain that occurs periodically in the stomach or duodenum;
- a feeling of fullness in the stomach;
- nausea;
- frequent diarrhea or constipation;
- causeless weight loss;
- lack of appetite.
If the child has the above signs, it is necessary to visit a doctor for examination and timely diagnosis. Self-medication can result in the transition of the ailment to a chronic form or lead to serious consequences. Therapy involves bed rest, strict diet, and medication.
Signs of the disease in adults
Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis in adults manifest as:
- overflowing pain of a aching character, which is localized in the epigastrium;
- lack of appetite;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- general weakness, headache;
- salivation enhancement;
- white dense plaque on the tongue.
The above symptoms are inconsistent and therefore often the individual does not pay attention to them, and this is fraught with the transition of superficial gastroduodenitis to the chronic stage and the formation of complications.
Diet food
As mentioned earlier, an important role in the healing process is assigned to special nutrition. A dietitian or gastroenterologist develops a diet depending on the acidity of the digestive juice of the individual.
At its elevated level, it is recommended to exclude spicy dishes, all kinds of spices, as well as fresh bakery products and pastries. During the treatment period, you should eat at least five times a day and try to eat at the same time. Dietary nutrition should be followed for three months. General tips you should follow:
- Drink more fluids in the form of compote, jelly, milk, mineral water with alkali content.
- Refuse fried vegetables, and introduce boiled into the diet, preferring beets, carrots and potatoes.
- Of the meat products, boiled chicken or rabbit meat is preferable.
- Allowed low-fat fish species: hake, pink salmon, cod.
- Refuse from products that contribute to increased production of digestive juice: sausages, smoked meats, carbonated drinks, rye bread, coffee, grape juice.
Drug therapy
Medications that are indicated in the diagnosis of superficial gastroduodenitis:
- Antibacterial drugs: Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, as well as Metronidazal, which also has an antiprotozoal effect.
- Intestinal antiseptics: De-Nol.
- Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Dexrabeprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole.
- Antisecretory drugs: "Cimetidine", "Ranitidine", "Famotidine".
- Antacids: "Maalox", "Gastal", "Almagel".
- Soothing remedies are recommended in the clinic from the nervous system.
The course, treatment regimen and dosage are selected by the doctor individually for each patient, depending on his condition and examination results.
Complications and prevention in children and adults
With the timely start of treatment, the prognosis in children is favorable. Otherwise, it is possible the development of the following pathologies:
- pancreatitis
- peptic ulcer;
- dysbiosis;
- erosion of the mucous membranes;
- Iron-deficiency anemia;
- oncology.
Preventive measures are as follows:
- timely treatment of digestive tract disorders;
- avoid or minimize stressful situations;
- observe the regime of the day and nutrition;
- monitor the diet;
- treat allergic manifestations, prevent their transition to the chronic phase;
- strengthen the immune system;
- do physical education;
- not to starve.
The use of traditional medicine
For the treatment of superficial gastroduodenitis in the early stages, folk recipes, proven for decades, have proven themselves well.
- Daily intake of juice from potatoes until the disappearance of signs of the disease.
- Take a warm infusion of St. John's wort grass in the morning, and then lie down in bed and put a heating pad on your stomach.
- Reception of a decoction of chamomile flowers in an amount of 200 ml at bedtime. The course of treatment until the symptoms disappear is approximately five months.
- Eat fresh aloe vera leaves with breakfast. This plant helps to normalize the acid-base balance.
- With increased acidity, it is recommended to use applesauce at least twice a day. Thanks to the beneficial properties of this fruit, the burning sensation and discomfort in the stomach disappear.
- A good effect has a decoction of parsley and dill. In addition, they can be added to any ready-made dishes.
However, before using these recipes, you should consult your doctor.
All exacerbations of superficial gastroduodenitis are due to a violation of the doctor's recommendations on proper nutrition and poor-quality treatment. Therefore, they should not be neglected.