The main monoaminodicarboxylic acids are glutamic and aspartic acids. The latter was first isolated in 1868 from plant proteins. The specified substance is synthesized in the human body, is a structural component of many proteins of plant and animal origin, is used in the process of biosynthesis of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids and urea, during transamination of amino acids, etc.
Glutamic acid was first isolated in 1966 from a wheat grain gluten hydrolyzate. A significant amount of this amino acid is found in globulins and blood albumin. Glutamic acid is involved in decarboxylation, transamination and deamination of amino acids. In the process of biochemical reactions with this substance, a tripeptide (glutathione) and a mediator of the nervous system (gamma-aminobutyric acid) are formed. Glutamic acid is becoming increasingly popular these days. It is available in the form of food additives, medications, and is part of mixtures for sports nutrition.
The biological role of glutamate is associated with the integration of nitrogen metabolism, the synthesis of other amino acids, the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, and the neutralization of ammonia. Also, this biocompound takes an active part in the formation of vitamin Bc, enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases, nucleotides, in the synthesis of cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate acid), GMF (guanosine monophosphate acid), and exhibits neurotransmitter function. Glutamic acid is able to increase the permeability of myocytes to potassium ions. Today it has been proven that arginine and histidine can be synthesized from glutamate. The latter is actively involved in metabolic reactions (synthesis of anserine dipeptides, carnosine). Carnosine is an antioxidant that helps stabilize muscle fiber biomembranes. Anserin exhibits a similar effect. In addition, histidine activates the motor activity of the intestine, optimizes the functional activity of the liver, increases gastric secretion, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive capacity of the digestive canal.
In the process of the addition of an ammonia molecule to glutamic acid, glutamine is formed. Thus, detoxification of ammonia occurs in the body. Glutamic acid in sports is used to relieve fatigue. Large doses of this drug are able to cope with muscle fatigue due to a more complete utilization of lactate and detoxification of ammonia. Glutamate exhibits an anabolic effect on the gastrointestinal canal and skeletal muscle. Glucose and glutamate are used by the brain as energy material.
Since the sodium salt of glutamic acid has a meat taste, this bio-compound is often used as a food supplement. Currently, monosodium glutamate is added to food (in sausages, sauces, bouillon cubes, chips, crackers, etc.) in almost all countries of the world.
Glutamic acid: instruction
The specified pharmacological agent is available in the form of tablets (25 mg). Previously, the drug was prescribed for severe intoxications, the daily dose did not exceed 10 grams. To date, the dosage has increased to 25 g per day. In sports medicine, the dose of the drug is even higher (from 30 to 100 g / day). The medication is low toxic, sometimes there is a side effect in the form of allergic reactions, increased irritability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness. Highly qualified international-class athletes, along with proteins, consume more than 120 g of glutamic acid per day. However, the instructions indicate that the optimal daily dose should not exceed 4 g.
The drug is prescribed in the treatment of epilepsy, schizophrenia, a variety of psychoses, with depression, insomnia, myopathy, cerebral palsy , etc.
Contraindications to the appointment of glutamic acid: liver disease, febrile cider, hypersensitivity, leukopenia, anemia, increased irritability, gastric ulcer, nephrotic syndrome.