Hypotension is an ailment that is correctly called hypotension. It manifests itself in a significant decrease in blood pressure. Many do not attach any importance to it in vain. Such a condition, of course, rarely leads to the development of serious diseases, but because of it, almost all patients experience discomfort.
Why is it developing? What are the prerequisites? What symptoms may indicate the presence of hypotension (hypotension)? How to treat her? The answers to these and many other questions are described in the article.
Norms and deviations
You can talk about hypotonic disease if a person has a pressure of 20% lower than normal. The norm is considered indicators 120/80. The indicator varies slightly during the period of life from 13 to 55 years. As they grow older, an average of 1-2 points is added to the norm every 5 years.
However, if the indicators are stable below 90/60, you need to think about it. For this is the norm only for infants.
Primary hypotension
This is a fairly rare form of this condition. Primary hypotonic disease is a neurosis of the vasomotor centers.
This is a separate, independent ailment. Its development is provoked by prolonged psycho-traumatic situations and stresses. Also predisposing factors include depression, constant lack of sleep, chronic fatigue and emotional trauma.
However, most often the cause is neurocirculatory dystonia. This is the name of a complex of disorders affecting the cardiovascular system, which have developed due to neuroendocrine disorders.
Secondary hypotension
It is much more common. Hypotonic disease of this type refers to ailments that arise as a consequence of other pathologies. She may accompany the following conditions:
- Injuries to the brain and internal organs.
- Heart failure.
- Hepatitis.
- Osteochondrosis.
- Cirrhosis of the liver.
- Peptic ulcer.
- Diabetes mellitus, adrenal gland disorders, other problems with the endocrine system.
- Addison's disease.
- Amyloidosis of the adrenal glands or their surgical removal.
- Thyroid problems.
- Anemia.
- Chronic and acute bleeding.
- Infectious diseases.
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Abuse of diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, an overdose of nitroglycerin.
It should be noted that the so-called physiological hypotonic disease is often found. It is not accompanied by changes in internal organs in general. It develops, as a rule, in those people who belong to such groups:
- Athletes.
- Residents of hot climatic zones.
- Workers in hot shops (metallurgical, as a rule).
- Residents of the highlands.
And there is the concept of hypotension of fitness. This condition is observed in athletes when they expose themselves to increased, excessive loads.
Symptoms
So, the causes of hypotension are clear. Now we need to list the signs indicating its presence. Of course, the key symptom is a tonometer reading. But also the presence of this pathology is indicated by:
- Drowsiness, lethargy and general weakness.
- Violations of thermoregulation.
- Trouble sleeping.
- Increased sweating.
- Dyspnea.
- A dull headache localized in the temporal and frontal areas.
- Emotional instability and irritability.
- Metrological sensitivity.
- Dizziness.
Fainting sometimes. Especially great risk of loss of consciousness while in a stuffy room. And in general, people with this pathology react poorly to even the most minor changes in the external environment - be it humidity, air temperature or even emotional stimuli.
Orthostatic hypotension
This form of the disease is quite common. And since we are talking about the causes and symptoms of hypotension, then it must be considered.
Orthostatic pathology is characterized by a sharp decrease in blood pressure, which occurs when the body position changes. Often found among adolescents. This is physiologically justified - a growing organism requires much more intensive work of blood vessels.
Therefore, you need to get up not sharply. If a person has been upright for a long time, and then “blown up”, dizziness may occur. In some patients it darkens in the eyes, even loss of consciousness is possible. This is because while a person was in the same position, blood flows to the brain in small quantities.
Complications
They also need to be considered. Many people know about the stages and degrees of risk of hypertension - is hypotension just as dangerous? Unfortunately yes. This condition almost always negatively affects the work of many body systems.
If hypotension is ignored, then it will lead to a decrease in blood flow to organs. This is fraught with the development of serious complications, among which are intestinal ischemia, renal failure, myocardial infarction and stroke.
However, the most deplorable outcome of the continuous maintenance of hypotension is shock and death.
Diagnostics
This topic deserves a little attention. Diagnosis of hypotonic disease is not difficult. All that is needed is a measurement of pressure or familiarization with the clinical picture. But determining the cause of hypotension is more difficult. It is important to find out what the condition is.
Doctors study the secondary type of hypotension more closely, as it can be a symptom of a disease. First of all, diseases of the cardiovascular system are excluded, then nervous.
It is still important to differentiate the symptom from manifestations of renal pathology, chronic tonsillitis, etc. Therefore, diagnosis often requires extensive research. Here are some of the activities most often resorted to:
- General analysis of urine and blood.
- The study of hormonal balance.
- Sugar curve analysis.
- Ultrasound of the heart.
- ECG.
- Biochemical liver tests.
- Check for residual nitrogen.
- USDG of vessels of the brain and neck.
Drug therapy
Special attention should be paid to the drugs indicated for hypotension. Your doctor may prescribe the following:
- Psychomotor stimulants, excitingly acting on adrenergic systems. They help to cope with asthenic symptoms, inhibition of reactions, increased drowsiness, and prevent loss of performance. The best remedies are Sydnofen, Mesocarb and Sydnocarb.
- Analeptic drugs. Their intake has an exciting effect on the respiratory and vascular centers of the medulla oblongata. Mood improves, fatigue decreases, performance increases. Also, the use of these funds has a positive effect on short-term memory. "Cordiamin" and "Centedrine" work well. Their reception is shown situationally or in short courses. Prolonged use leads to chronically distracted attention and a state of euphoria.
- Spinal cord function stimulants. "Securinin" works perfectly. Not allowed for thyrotoxicosis, convulsions and asthma.
- Adrenomimetic drugs. Usually, Gutron is prescribed, which has a long effect, without affecting the central nervous system.
- Anticholinergics. The reception of "Ballataminal", "Bellaspon" and "Belloid" helps. This is also indispensable for hypotension. They help with conditions accompanied by severe vagotonia.
- Nootropics. They do not have a direct vasoconstrictor effect, but they activate metabolic processes in the central nervous system, improving regional blood circulation. As a rule, “Phenibut”, “Aminalon”, “Pathogam”, “Pyriditol” and “Piracetam” are prescribed.
Vitamins
Talking about the features of the clinical picture observed during hypotonic disease, it is also necessary to make a reservation that treatment necessarily involves taking vitamins. They produce an anabolic and antihypoxic effect. In addition, vitamins have neurotropic and adaptive-trophic effects.
Entire complexes are very useful. Multivitamins, including well-selected micronutrients and vitamins, have the following effects:
- Stimulation of recovery processes after emotional stress and stress.
- Normalization of autonomic reactions.
- Increased load tolerance. And both physical and emotional.
- Reduced overall fatigue.
- Prevention of exhaustion.
And although the body needs a small amount of vitamins, they significantly strengthen the immune system, and also help the body cope with violations.
Folk remedies
Many people are interested in - if the pressure is low, what to do at home? What folk hand-made remedies can help? In fact, there are dozens of them, but here are the most effective recipes:
- Mix May lily of the valley (10 g), peppermint (30 g), roots of the Manchu aralia (30 g), Chinese magnolia vine (15 g) and prickly Eleutherococcus (25 g). Take 1 tbsp. l collection, pour a glass of boiling water. Let it brew for 20 minutes, strain. Take 1/3 cup twice a day - in the morning and afternoon, always before meals.
- Combine horsetail ephedra (10 g), fruits of hawthorn (20 g), woolly astragalus (20 g), ginseng (20 g) and medicinal chamomile (15 g). The principle of preparation and reception is similar to the previous one.
- Make a collection of the fruits of hawthorn (20 g), the highland mountaineer (15 g), safflower-shaped leuzea (15 g), medicinal chamomile (10 g) and the fruits of Chinese magnolia vine (30 g). Cook and drink in the same way as described in the first recipe.
- Wash six lemons, pour over boiling water, remove the seeds. Grind the fruits through a meat grinder, pour the resulting mass into cold water (1 l). Leave in the refrigerator for 24 hours. After time, add honey (500 g). For three days send to the refrigerator. Take three times a day for 50 g.
- Take ginseng tincture. Measure into a glass of 10-15 drops, dilute 2 tbsp. l water. Drink in half an hour before meals. And so - three times a day. You can also take tincture of Eleutherococcus, Aralia Manchurian, Chinese magnolia vine and pink Rhodiola.
And you can make fortifying tea. To do this, mix rose hips (20 g) and rose hips (15 g), zamaniha root (20 g), dioecious nettle (15 g), perforated St. John's wort (10 g) and pink rhodiola roots (20 g).
Take 1 tbsp. l collection, pour a glass of boiling water, cover and set for an hour. Then strain and drink the volume in two doses before meals. It is advisable not to brew a large volume immediately, so that the product does not lose its unique properties during idle time.
First aid
The principles of its provision should be known to everyone who has low blood pressure. What to do at home if there is an attack of hypotension? The actions are as follows:
- Lie on a comfortable surface. Be sure to place a roller under your feet.
- You can also sit with your head beneath your knees.
- Normalize breathing. It should be shallow, but even.
- Just in case, prepare a cotton pad moistened with ammonia. If the probability of loss of consciousness approaches, you will need to take a breath of the vapors of this agent.
- After feeling better, you need to drink a cup of coffee with sugar or strong tea.
The same recommendations should be taken to the attention of all people in whose close circle there are persons with low blood pressure.