The main task of the circulatory apparatus, as you know, is to provide tissues and organs with all the products necessary for normal functioning and, at the same time, remove all harmful substances. A cerebrovascular insufficiency or difficulties in supplying the heart develops when failures occur in the aforementioned system. As a rule, the main cause of the development of disorders is dysfunction of both or one ventricle of the heart. In another way, this condition is called heart failure .
Depending on the frequency of seizures and the severity of symptoms, acute and chronic development of pathology is distinguished. The first case is characterized by the presence of impaired contractility in the myocardium. Acute circulatory failure is characterized by a very difficult clinical picture. Its main manifestations include cardiogenic shock, decompensated pulmonary heart, pulmonary edema. It should be noted that regardless of its clinical form, the acute development of pathology is a serious threat to human life. In such cases, immediate correction of the condition that caused such severe complications is indicated.
Acute insufficiency occurs suddenly. With a certain therapeutic effect, the condition goes away or, in the absence of therapeutic measures, leads to the death of the patient.
The circulatory failure of a chronic course is, as a rule, a consequence of other pathological conditions associated with the cardiovascular system. The basis of this disease is the disorder of ventricular contractile function. In this case, cardiosclerosis (atherosclerotic and post-infarction), damage to the heart muscle against the background of myocarditis, pericarditis, congenital malformations and a number of other ailments are provoking factors. The process of development of pathology is accompanied by a gradual slowdown in blood flow, the accumulation of under-oxidized products of metabolic processes, and a violation of the acid-base balance in the acidic direction. If circulatory failure is treated irregularly or therapeutic methods do not meet accepted standards, the patient develops a progressive dysfunction in all organs. This, in turn, can cause death.
This type of pathology develops gradually.
The development of insufficiency is affected by a violation of the tone in the peripheral vessels and pumping cardiac function. Hemodynamic and energy-dynamic heart failure are classified.
In the second case, pathology manifests itself in the form of shortening of a mechanical systole. The diagnosis is made by premature detection on the FCG II tone.
The disorder of the myocardial metabolic processes contributes to the development of the disease and is detected in diabetic coma, severe infections, as well as hypokalemia. This form of pathology is not accompanied by a violation of blood flow in the big and small circles and an increase in the size of the heart. However, the disease can occur in combination with congestive failure.
Distinguish between left ventricular and right ventricular failure. Both of them can have both acute and chronic course.
Left ventricular failure is caused by a decrease in pumping function and stagnation of blood in the lungs. As a rule, it is diagnosed against the background of acquired aortic and mitral valvular defects, stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and myocardial diseases. Its clinical manifestations are pulmonary edema and cardiac asthma.
Right ventricular failure is caused by overload of the corresponding parts of the heart. There is a pathology with congenital malformations, thromboembolism of the branches and trunk of the artery of the lungs, a severe broncho-asthmatic attack.