If you do not seek medical help for kidney diseases in a timely manner or are not treated properly, the disease can become chronic and lead to serious disorders in the body.
A pathological condition, which is characterized by a complete cessation of the flow of urine into the bladder or a decrease in its daily volume, is called anuria. What is it and what are the causes of this condition?
What happens anuria. Causes of occurrence
Depending on the cause of the disease, its development may be acute or gradual. At the beginning of the disease, a person can feel satisfactory due to the compensatory function of the remaining organs that are involved in supporting homeostasis. In the case when the pathology provoked a septic state, the disease rapidly passes into the acute phase. In each case, individual treatment is selected.
Excretory anuria is a condition that provokes mechanical obstructions, such as ureter stones, tumor diseases, infiltrate, etc.
Prerenal anuria develops if a person has severe lesions of the cardiovascular system, occlusion of the renal artery or vein, a tumor in the retroperitoneal space, which compresses the blood vessels, or the patient is in a state of shock. Such conditions are the cause of impaired renal circulation.
Renal anuria is mainly caused by inflammatory processes in the kidneys, which lead to the cessation of fluid filtration by the kidneys.
The presence of chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, acute glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, polycystic, vasculitis leads to the development of the disease. In addition, renal anuria can develop due to sepsis, kidney damage due to burns, serious injuries and after surgery, septic abortion and childbirth, as well as transfusion of an incompatible blood group, poisoning.
Postrenal anuria is caused by blockages and cramping of the urinary tract, which prevents the outflow of urine from the kidney.
The cause may be the presence of stones in the ureters, damage to the ureters that occurred during treatment, tumors that compress the ureters, scars, and inflammatory infiltrates.
Arenal anuria, what is it and what can be caused by it? A condition develops after removal of the kidney or with aplasia (congenital pathology). It occurs with the fusion of the external opening of the urethra, congenital valves of the urethra, with spasm of the sphincter of the bladder.
Reflex anuria occurs when the influence of the central nervous system on the excretion of urine is slowed down, when certain stimuli are exposed. The reasons may be surgical interventions, immersion of the patient in cold water, pain with renal colic.
Symptoms
Signs of pathology develop according to the course of the disease. At the beginning of the disease, there is no urge to urinate, after 1-3 days there is a pronounced intoxication of the body, which is manifested by loss of appetite, the emergence of a feeling of thirst, a feeling of dry mouth, and nausea. The disease may be accompanied by vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Then there are growing signs of central nervous system damage. The patient is tormented by headaches and muscle pains, drowsiness, apathy, a person may be in a state of excessive agitation or be too lethargic, rave. Further, pulmonary and cardiovascular failure, peripheral edema may develop .
Without the intervention of a doctor, renal coma and uremia may occur. The critical period in anuria is the eighth to ninth day.
Diagnostics
A patient with such symptoms is advised by a urologist or nephrologist who will prescribe the necessary studies.
In order to establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a clinical and biochemical blood test, ultrasound examination of the kidneys and bladder. Bladder catheterization is also performed to rule out a symptom of acute urinary retention. After all the studies performed, a diagnosis of anuria can be established. What is this and what threatens, the attending physician will tell, who will select the optimal treatment.
What to do
In the presence of such symptoms, which are quite dangerous for human health, it is necessary to immediately seek help from a nephrologist and urologist. Do not take risks and try to cope with the problem yourself. This is fraught with complications and carries a huge risk to the patient's health.
Treatment
The diagnosis of anuria is alarming for many. What is it and how to treat a similar condition - this question worries the patient in the first place.
A specialized specialist is involved in the treatment, having carried out a thorough examination and establishing an accurate diagnosis. After conducting the necessary studies, the doctor will choose the best treatment method.
In order for the treatment to be effective, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of urinary disorders. Be sure to detoxify the body, anti-shock measures, antibiotic therapy, etc.
Acute anuria, which occurs as a result of urolithiasis, may require urgent surgery. The most important task is to resume the outflow of urine.
Alternative methods of treatment
After consultation with the doctor who will prescribe the main treatment, alternative treatment can be used as an adjunct:
- Infusion of nettle dioecious. In order to cook it, 50 g of grass is placed in a thermos, filled with 1 liter of boiling water and insisted for two to three hours. Then cool, filter and consume 1 tbsp. thrice a day.
- Infusion of birch branches and buds. One tablespoon of dried raw material is poured with boiling water (1 tbsp.). Means need to be insisted for an hour, then strain. A glass of infusion is drunk immediately.
- It is useful to regularly use tinctures of rose hips. To prepare it, half a glass of rose hips is poured with medical alcohol or vodka, insisted for several days, filtered. The medicine is taken in five drops, dissolving them in a tablespoon of water twice a day.
- A mixture of vegetable juices. Freshly squeezed juices are mixed: carrot (ten parts), beetroot (three parts), cucumber (three parts). Drink a glass in the morning and evening.
Complications
All types of anuria lead to the development of impaired renal function. There is an accumulation of metabolic products in the blood, instead of removing them with urine. This can trigger the development of uremia.
In the case when medical and hardware treatment is ineffective, the development of uremic coma is possible. This is a very dangerous condition that can result in death, and even treatment does not guarantee that in the future the patient will not have severe neurological consequences.
Prevention
For the purpose of prevention, it is recommended not to start and treat kidney and urinary tract diseases in a timely manner. It is important that you follow the drinking regimen and regularly undergo preventive examinations, since anuria syndrome is a condition that can threaten both the health and life of the patient.