The drug "Metronidazole" is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial drug included in the list of necessary medicines by a healthcare organization. The first drug in the category of nitroimidazoles was synthesized by pharmacists of the French company in the last century. The antibacterial effect of this medicine was randomly discovered back in 1962, after which it was thoroughly studied. The negative effect of the drug on many pathogenic microorganisms is proven. Thus, this medication has a very broad focus. We will tell in more detail about what Metronidazole exactly helps from and how to take it.
The composition of the medication and the form of release
According to the instructions for use with Metronidazole, the main active ingredient is the substance of the same name metronidazole. It exhibits inhibitory activity against various parasites, bacteria and simple microorganisms. Various additional components are included in the composition, in fact, the format of its release depends on this. The drug is produced in the form of tablets, cream, gel, suppositories and solution.
As indicated by the instructions for use with Metronidazole 250 mg, tablets contain 250 micrograms of active substance. In addition, they include potato starch, talc and stearic acid. Pills have a flat cylindrical shape. They are white in color with a slight yellowness. Produce tablets in quantities of ten, twenty or thirty pieces in one package.
Suppositories contain 125, 250 or 500 micrograms of active ingredient. In addition, they include polyethylene oxide as an excipient. The color of the candles is yellow. There are ten suppositories in a blister.
Instructions for use with Metronidazole 500 mg reports that the solution consists of 500 micrograms of the active component. Auxiliary ingredients are sodium chloride and purified water. The solution has a yellow tint.
In accordance with the instructions for use, the Metronidazole gel is intended for vaginal use and contains one percent of the active substance. The gel also contains propylene glycol, carbopol, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, disodium salt, sodium hydroxide and purified water. The kit additionally includes a paddle for applying the gel intravaginally.
Ointment "Metronidazole" (or cream) is intended exclusively for external use. This composition also contains one percent of the active substance, which in terms of 150 milligrams. The ointment has a white color and a dense texture. The auxiliary ingredients are paraffin along with glycerin, wax, propylene glycol and purified water.
Instructions for use with Metronidazole are very detailed.
Features of the drug
In the framework of oral or intravenous administration, and, in addition, with vaginal or external use, the medication has a detrimental effect on many protozoal and bacterial microorganisms. These usually include:
- Optional and obligate microaerophiles.
- Gram-positive bacteria.
- Gram-negative microorganisms.
A feature of this drug is its ability to act in a certain way on microbial cells.
Mechanism of action
As indicated by the instructions for use, Metronidazole has a selective effect. It can destroy various forms of pathogenic microorganisms, making a morphological change in their cells. The bactericidal and, at the same time, protistocidal effect of Metronidazole extends to microbes that have an enzymatic system. The drug shows its effect only after the complete introduction of certain microorganisms into the cells. Under the influence of enzymes, the drug promotes the formation of nitroimidazole metabolites.
Intracellular processes lead to the complete death of pathogenic microflora. In parallel, the normalization of the ecosystem of the body is achieved, which causes an additional obstacle to the subsequent development of infection. The high level of activity of Metronidazole is influenced by the sensitivity of the strains along with the applied volume and exposure of the drug.
This drug has high penetration. It is almost completely absorbed from the digestive system, reaching its concentration after three hours. Bioavailability is 80%. "Metronidazole" easily penetrates into all tissues, and, in addition, it enters the body fluids. The concentration of the active substance is determined in saliva, semen and vaginal secretion. The placental barrier is not an obstacle for the active component.
The drug is metabolized, usually in the liver, forming inactive and active metabolites. The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys. Approximately 80% comes out with urine. With feces, the remaining 20% is excreted.
This is confirmed by the instructions for use with Metronidazole.
Is this drug an antibiotic?
The activity of the drug extends to various pathogens. Explain whether Metronidazole is an antibiotic or not, is possible only from a scientific point of view.
Why is the drug “Metronidazole" prescribed? With its help, the treatment of those pathologies occurs, the development of which is accompanied by the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in the body, for example:
- Those or other inflammatory processes that are accompanied by a tissue abscess.
- The presence of internal bacterial infections.
- Various inflammations, accompanied by suppuration.
- The presence of skin inflammation.
The drug can successfully fight various manifestations of a negative bacterial environment. Against this background, the medication is characterized by the fastest bactericidal effect. But at the same time, it is a drug obtained in the process of chemical and biological experiments of scientists. An antibiotic is a natural remedy that is extracted from a certain type of fungus. In this regard, the question of whether Metronidazole is an antibiotic can confidently give a negative answer.
Indications for his appointment
Below, we consider the instructions for use with Metronidazole in gynecology and the price.
The drug has received widespread use due to a large number of different dosage forms. The solution is used to treat intestinal and vaginal infections. Although this drug is not an antifungal medicine, suppositories with metronidazole are often prescribed for female diseases or against cystitis.
According to the instructions for use, the Metronidazole cream relieves any inflammation, eliminating acne eruptions. Vaginal gel is intended for use in gynecology. The attending physician can be prescribed this drug with thrush. This medication, moreover, very successfully inhibits the reproduction of fungi from the Candida group.
In addition to infection, this drug successfully fights ulcerative damage to the digestive system caused by the Helicobacter bacterium. "Metronidazole" in tablets in combination with an antibiotic can more effectively eliminate mixed invasion. "Metronidazole" is very often used in the following cases:
- Infections caused by simple microorganisms.
- In the presence of trichomoniasis, giardiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis.
- Bactericidal infections, for example, bone, joint, meningitis, brain and lung abscesses.
- Infectious damage to internal organs in the pelvic area against the background of endometritis or liver abscess.
- In the presence of pathologies of the pelvic organs in women.
- With infectious damage to the soft tissues and epithelium.
- Against the background of diseases of the digestive system that are caused by the Helicobacter bacterium.
- With alcohol addiction.
- As part of preventive measures.
- For the treatment of complications.
- As an auxiliary procedure for radiation treatment of tumors.
According to the instructions for use, the Metronidazole gel is successfully used in dentistry and in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In these cases, the drug helps to eliminate mixed infections and purulent inflammations.
Dosage of the drug and method of use
The form of this medicine along with its dosage is selected by the doctor. The principle of using "Metronidazole" directly depends on what exactly this or that patient is being treated, and, in addition, on the severity and duration of the disease. A medication is prescribed only from three years. For children under twelve years of age, the dosage is calculated by weight.
Use of tablets
Metronidazole is consumed with food, it is washed down with water, and milk is also suitable. The dosage calculation takes into account the patient’s body weight, so 7.5 micrograms per kilogram of weight is used. Metronidazole is taken at 250 or 500 micrograms per day. The number of receptions along with the duration of therapy is calculated based on the severity of the pathology itself. For children under five years of age, the medicine is prescribed at the rate of 10 micrograms per kilogram of weight.
With cystitis, it is taken twice in two pills with a dose of 250 micrograms. This is indicated in the instructions for use with Metronidazole 250 mg. Or one tablet of 500 micrograms is taken. The course of treatment can last from seven to eighteen days. In the presence of complicated forms of the disease, the daily dosage can increase to 1,500 micrograms, and a single use is 500 micrograms of metronidazole three times.
You can use this drug in the presence of fungal infections. In order to effectively get rid, for example, of thrush, the drug is prescribed in conjunction with taking antibiotics.
We learn how to use Metronidazole in gynecology according to the instructions for use. The price of funds is of interest to many.
Indications for use in gynecology
In gynecological practice, metronidazole is used as an antibacterial therapeutic agent in the fight against infections in women. The specialist prescribes the drug according to the indications for use for treatment:
- endometritis;
- vaginal arch infections;
- abscess of the fallopian tubes;
- ovarian infections;
- trichomoniasis;
- Trichomonas vaginitis;
- bacterial vaginitis;
- urethritis;
- abscess of the ovaries.
It is often advisable to use metronidazole for the prevention of inflammatory processes in the postoperative period. The effectiveness of the drug in therapeutic measures for the treatment of septic diseases in obstetrics and gynecology has been proven on many years of medical experience.
Instructions for use "Metronidazole" for men recommends the use in the treatment of the following male diseases:
- a number of diseases formed against the background of protozoa (nonspecific giardiasis, urogenital trichomoniasis, amoebiasis);
- infectious lesions of the respiratory system, namely, lung abscess, purulent pneumonia;
- infectious diseases of the brain, meningitis or brain abscess;
- infectious lesions of the abdominal organs, peritonitis or liver abscess ;
- in order to prevent infection before and after surgery;
- infectious lesions of the teeth, jaw and gums.
The dosage in different cases is determined by the attending physician, the drug is available for men in the form of a gel and tablets. In all these cases, Metronidazole Nycomed 500 mg can be used. The instructions for applying to it are best studied in advance.
The use of suppositories
For the treatment of vaginitis, and, in addition, urethritis and trichomoniasis, patients are prescribed Metronidazole suppositories. They are introduced in the morning and at night, while sexual contact should be excluded. A common treatment regimen using vaginal suppositories with metronidazole is their double use of 500 micrograms. The use of Metronidazole suppositories according to the instructions can be prescribed once in a dose of 2 grams. A ten-day course of treatment with candles "Metronidazole."
In the instructions for use, the price is not indicated.
Application of gel, ointment and cream
In these forms, external use, with the exception of the gel, since it can serve as an analogue of suppositories and is used, as a rule, inside the intravaginal way. "Metronidazole" in the form of an ointment (gel, cream) is applied to the damaged area twice in a small amount. It takes seven days to cure acne. Treatment of more complex lesions should be extended to a month and a half. The dosage of the vaginal method, as a rule, is approximately 5 grams in the morning and evening hours.
Injection
The solution is prescribed for intravenous procedures in the presence of complex infections or when it is not possible to take the medicine in another way.
For adults and children over the age of twelve, a dosage of 500 micrograms is calculated. Input method - slow inkjet or drip. The time between injections is usually eight hours, the maximum dose is 4 grams of Metronidazole. For children under the age of twelve, the procedure is prescribed up to three times a day at the rate of 7.5 micrograms per kilogram of weight.
This confirms the instructions for use to the metronidazole dropper.
Side effects
All drugs from the group of nitroimidazoles and Metronidazole, including those that have side effects on the body, regardless of the form of release. The following negative consequences belong to negative manifestations:
- The digestive system can respond with bouts of nausea, unstable stools, a change in taste, loss of appetite, and vomiting. The drug does not combine with the intake of alcohol. During treatment, it is better to abstain from it.
- The work of the nervous system can be accompanied by attacks of migraine, insomnia, dizziness and anxiety. Cramps are sometimes possible along with hearing loss, sensitivity, and fainting.
- Allergic reactions are possible in the form of itching, rash, nasal discharge, skin redness, and fever.
- The hematopoietic system can respond with a decrease in white blood cells, neutrophils, and, in addition, inflammatory processes in the injection area are possible.
The use of Metronidazole may also provoke a side effect in the form of anaphylactic shock. Quincke's edema is not excluded. Especially when it comes to the Metronidazole solution.
In the instructions for use there is information about contraindications.
Contraindications
The medication is not used during pregnancy and against the background of breastfeeding. This drug is also prohibited for young children under three years of age. With great caution, people who have hypersensitivity to its components should take this drug. With caution, this medication is taken in the presence of hematopoiesis, against the background of pronounced pathologies of the kidneys and liver, and, in addition, with lesions of the nervous system.
This describes the instructions for use. The price of Metronidazole suppositories is quite reasonable. It depends on the pricing policy of the pharmacy chain, but does not exceed the cost of 100-200 rubles.
Analogs and cost of the drug
There are a lot of analogues for this medication, but the price is different for everyone. Among the analogues of Metronidazole, it is worth mentioning drugs in the form of Metrovit, Efloran, Flagil, Metron and Metrid. All of these medications treat the same diseases. For example, "Klion" has the same active substance, and at the same time it is also released in the form of candles.
The most common analogue of Metronidazole is considered to be Trichopol. This substitute has a similar composition with Metronidazole, in addition, they have the same mechanism of action and a very high activity coefficient. Instructions for medicines contain the same indications and side effects.
For many consumers, of course, the question arises of how much can Metronidazole and Trichopol cost? Metronidazole is much cheaper than its counterpart and its price is about 100 rubles. "Trichopol" will cost patients 300 rubles. It is worth noting that the quality of this analogue, despite its higher cost, is not at all higher.
"Metronidazole" is an excellent and powerful tool for the treatment of various serious diseases. But you should not use it without consulting a doctor. The correct dosage along with the treatment regimen can be determined only by an experienced specialist.
Instructions for use with Metronidazole Nycomed 500 mg are in each package.
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Thus, this antimicrobial drug, according to doctors, is very effective, and at the same time affordable. Doctors widely use it in many areas. Both doctors and patients are satisfied with the results of treatment with Metronidazole. And minimal adverse reactions also speak in his favor.
We reviewed the instructions for use and reviews of Metronidazole 500 mg and 250 mg.