As indicated in the instructions, “Rovamycin” is an antibiotic effective in bronchitis and pulmonary inflammation, infection of the skin, urinary tract, as well as in certain gynecological pathologies and diseases affecting the organs of hearing, vision, and breathing. The drug belongs to the class of macrolides, inhibits protein synthesis in the cell of a polygenic microorganism.
When is it effective?
As follows from the instructions for use, "Rovamycin" 3000000 shows the result when infected with strepto-, staphilo-, enterococci, toxo-, mycoplasma, corynebacteria, leptospira, chlamydia, treponema.
Moderate resistance to the active compound is shown by ureaplasmas, neisseria, and clostridia. For therapeutic effect, it is necessary to provide a sufficiently high local level of concentration of the substance.
At least half of the strains show resistance to Rovamycin from the category of entero-, staphylococci, as well as some types of mycoplasmas, nocardia, entero-, corynebacteria.
The main component of “Rovamycin” (spiramycin) is able to penetrate the phagocytes, where the accumulation of the substance. Since a high level of concentration is achievable, Rovamycin shows a pronounced effect against intracellular pathological life forms.
Kinetics
As indicated in the instructions for use, Rovamycinum (1,500,000 or 3,000,000 IU) is a supplier of spiramycin to body tissues. The absorption of this compound is quite short-term, but it is impossible to predict how great the efficiency of the process will be. Possible spread: 10-60%. If you take a dose of 6 million at the same time, the maximum concentration of spiramycin in the circulatory system is on average close to 3.3 ÎĽg / ml.
The active component quickly penetrates into the phagocytes and accumulates in these cells, while penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid is impossible. Studies have shown that spiramycin is found in breast milk and can pass through the placenta. In the circulatory system of the embryo, the antimicrobial compound is present in half as much as in the maternal blood serum. In the placenta itself, spiramycin is detected in an amount five times higher than the concentration in the blood.
As indicated in the instructions for use with Rovamycin tablets, the drug is able to penetrate into various tissues of the body in a short time, a fairly high concentration is observed in saliva. Relatively infected sinuses, the amount of active compound reaches 110 ÎĽg / g, in tonsils this value varies between 20-80 ÎĽg / g, and in the bone tissue - 5-100 ÎĽg / g. According to the results of a ten-day course of spiramycin in the cells of the liver, the kidneys are present in an amount of 5-7 ÎĽg / g. Binding to plasma proteins does not exceed 10%.
Biological chemistry
As indicated in the instructions for use, "Rovamycin" (1.5 million, 3 million - dosage form) is a source of an antimicrobial compound that is transformed in liver cells. On the basis of spiramycin, products are formed that show activity against certain pathological microorganisms. The chemical structure of spiramycin breakdown products is not currently specified.
The concentration of spiramycin in bile is 15-40 times higher than for serum. The main percentage of the drug is excreted in the bile, about one tenth of the dose in the kidneys. The half-life after consumption of 3 million is estimated at eight hours, although in some cases a shorter or longer period is possible. In particular, the period is elongated in the elderly.
As indicated in the instructions for use, "Rovamycin" can be used in case of impaired renal function, while dose adjustment is not necessary.
What's on sale?
In the pharmacy you can buy the drug in a dosage of 1.5 or 3 million. Instructions for use "Rovamycin" must be invested by the manufacturer in the package of the drug. On the outside of the cardboard box it is indicated how many capsules are inside, how much spiramycin is contained in each of them. The composition of the drug, in addition to macrolide, has additional components - cellulose, starch, silicon dioxide. The classic form of release is a package containing one blister with a dozen tablets for oral administration.
Reception Nuances
As indicated in the instructions for use, “Rovamycin” in combination with levodopa, carbidopa leads to a decrease in the concentration of levodopa. To monitor the patient's condition, it is necessary to regularly obtain indicators.
In the instructions, the manufacturer indicates the recommended dose. There is no information on overdose cases. Presumably, a violation of the stool, nausea, and vomiting may indicate this. This condition requires symptomatic treatment. Spiramycin does not have any special antidote.
Admission Rules
As indicated in the instructions for use, Rovamycin 1,500,000, 3,000,000 IU is used by adults for two or three times. For a day, a dose of 6-9 million IU is prescribed. The maximum possible dosage is 9 million for 24 hours.
As a prophylactic agent for the risk of meningitis provoked by meningococci, Rovamycin can be used in adulthood twice a day for 6 million IU. The duration of the course is 5 days.
The instructions for use of "Rovamycin" indicate that the drug can not be taken:
- while breastfeeding;
- until adulthood;
- if hypersensitivity to spiramycin, other substances included in the medication is detected;
- low concentration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the body, since the likelihood of acute hemolysis is unacceptably increased.
The tool can be used, but subject to regular monitoring of vital signs, if there is a failure of the kidneys or obstruction of the bile ducts.
The instructions for use of "Rovamycin" indicate that special care requires a combination of the drug and ergot alkaloids.
Indications
All possible cases when the tool will benefit, are listed in the instructions for use. "Rovamycin" is prescribed if:
- infection of the ear, throat, nose;
- infection of the respiratory system, including community-acquired form of pneumonia, atypical, acute, exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
- erysipelas;
- toxoplasmosis;
- secondary dermatitis;
- ecthyma.
“Rovamycin” is used if the infectious agent has affected periodontium, skin integuments, articular, soft, bone tissues, reproductive organs. In the latter case, Rovamycin is drunk if it is clearly established that the case does not belong to gonorrhea.
As indicated in the instructions for use, "Rovamycin" 3 million, 1.5 million can be used as a prophylactic agent with the likelihood of meningitis, if it is impossible to use drugs on rifampicin. For the treatment of meningitis caused by meningococci, "Rovamycin" can not be used. Preventive measures are recommended after the therapeutic course and in the event that a healthy person has been in contact with the patient for up to ten days before hospitalization.
"Rovamycin" is used as a prophylactic drug to prevent acute rheumatism; apply if the patient is allergic to the penicillin series.
Important Features
As can be seen from the reviews, instructions, "Rovamycin" is sometimes used as a composition for intravenous infusion. Such use is possible strictly under the supervision of a doctor. It is practiced, if infection is established, an inflammatory focus in the respiratory system.
In some cases, the doctor may decide to treat Rovamycinum in children. Instructions for use allow this option only in the absence of a safer and more effective alternative. "Rovamycin" is applicable if the body weight of the child is 20 kg or more. The daily dosage is 150-300 thousand IU per kilogram. It is necessary to divide the resulting volume into two or three times. Do not use more than 300,000 IU / kg per day. For children do not use tablets with a dosage of 3 million.
In the instructions for use of "Rovamycin" for children and adults, special attention is paid to the following fact: the tablet form can be chosen for the treatment of people of different ages, but infusion of the drug is permissible only in the treatment of adults. The preparation is quite simple: immediately before administration, one bottle of the composition is dissolved in 4 ml of pure water, and then injected into a vein through a dropper. The duration of the procedure is an hour. Thus, the introduction of 1.5 million with an eight-hour frequency is allowed. Doubling is allowed if the infection is very difficult. The duration of the program is chosen by the doctor, based on the course of the disease and the response of the body. With a stable improvement in the patient's condition, “Rovamycin” is started to be used orally.
Side effects
As can be seen from the reviews and instructions for use, "Rovamycin" can provoke a violation of the stool, nausea, vomiting. There are several cases when, while taking the drug, they developed:
- colitis;
- esophagitis;
- hepatitis.
Also in the instructions for use of "Rovamycin" (there are no reviews of such adverse reactions) there is information about the possibility of acute hemolysis, anaphylactic shock. Such reactions are extremely rare. Rare negative effects include angioedema, thrombocytopenia.
With a small degree of probability, an increase in the QT interval, skin allergic reactions, transient paresthesia are possible. There is a risk of a slight irritation at the injection site of Rovamycin. The manufacturer indicates that in exceptional cases this may cause the course to cease. If symptoms appear that make you suspect an allergy, you should urgently stop the intravenous infusion.
Important aspects
As indicated in the instructions for use, Rovamycin is allowed for pregnant women, but under the supervision of a doctor. The drug is prescribed if the case meets the indications. A strict ban on the use is imposed only with breastfeeding. If necessary, undergo therapy will have to transfer the child to artificial nutrition. The duration of this period is determined by the doctor.
Rovamycin and alcoholic drinks are not strictly combined. For the entire period of treatment, you will have to completely abandon alcohol. In addition, the manufacturer recommends that you carefully choose a place to store the box with instructions for use and Rovamycin tablets. Children should not have access to this place. Climatic conditions: dry air, temperature no higher than 25 ° .
Rovamycin: analogues
Instructions for use of this drug are quite similar to Spiramycin. Possible substitutes include:
- Spiramisar.
- Spiramycin Vero.
- "Azithromycin."
- "Azitroks".
"Azithromycin"
As can be seen from the reviews, instructions for use, the analogue of “Rovamycin” “Azithromycin” has active components, but has a similar effect on the patient’s body. "Azithromycin" is recommended if infections are diagnosed:
- respiratory system;
- skin integument;
- soft tissue;
- genital
- provoked by Helicobacter pylori.
"Azithromycin" is effective in acute and chronic forms of otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, including atypical. The drug is used for acne, erythema in chronic form, Lyme disease at the initial stage, erysipelas, pyodermatosis, cervicitis and urethritis.
Instructions for use recommend the use of "Azithromycin" daily one hour before a meal or a couple of hours after it. All the volume prescribed by the doctor is taken at a time. Take into account that food slightly reduces the absorption of the active substance. Perhaps the treatment of adult patients and children. Special dose selection is necessary if the weight of the child is less than 45 kg.
For infections of the respiratory system, soft tissues, and skin, the optimal dose is 500 mg daily for three days in a row. If the patient's weight is less than 45 kg, the dose is calculated individually: 10 mg per kilogram of weight.
When migrating erythema in the chronic form, "Azithromycin" is used for adult patients, children heavier than 45 kg according to the program:
- the first day - one gram;
- from the second day to the fifth day, half as much.
If the child weighs less than 45 kg on the first day, the dosage is calculated as 20 mg per kilogram, then halved. Duration is similar to that recommended by adults.
If diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori are identified, Azithromycin is used as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for three consecutive days. The daily dose is one gram.
What to look for?
Therapy of genital diseases:
- without complications - use once, dose - 1 g;
- with complications - per gram three times, maintaining a weekly interval between doses.
In case of acne without complications, the first three days, Azithromycin is taken once a day, 500 mg each, after which nine doses are necessary in the same dosage with weekly intervals between them. If the drug was not taken at the right time, you should correct the mistake as soon as possible and use the missed tablet.
Limitations
When creatinine clearance is more than 40 ml / min, Azithromycin is well tolerated, dose adjustment is not necessary. Regarding persons with lower test scores, no reliable information is available, therefore, the use of the composition is not recommended.
Azithromycin should not be used to treat patients with severe liver failure.
Negative consequences
Clinical observations prove that Azithromycin is very well tolerated by most patients. Possible side effects include:
- candidiasis;
- colitis (extremely rare);
- neutro, leukopenia;
- anemia, thrombocytopenia (extremely rare);
- anorexia;
- anxiety, irritability, nervousness, tendency to aggression;
- angioedema;
- anaphylactic reaction.
Against the background of the use of "Azithromycin", hearing, vision, taste impairment, convulsions and agitation are possible. Some patients noted that they were sick and dizzy, troubled by insomnia, palpitations, tachycardia, and rhythm disturbance.
Of the rather frequent adverse reactions, it is worth noting stool disturbance and discomfort in the stomach, increased gas formation. In extremely rare cases, the color of the tongue changed in patients, acute pancreatitis developed. There is a risk of hepatitis, necrotic processes in the liver, jaundice.
There is the possibility of a rash on the skin, certain areas may itch. In rare cases, patients are faced with erythema, necrolysis, urticaria. Arthralgia, nephritis, general malaise, swelling, pain in the chest are possible.
All of these adverse reactions are known as possible, but the likelihood of manifestation of almost the majority is estimated as very low. The majority of patients who underwent therapy with this drug did not suffer from such phenomena.
Special occasion
"Azithromycin" is not used if hypersensitivity to antimicrobials from a number of macrolides is established. You can not use the composition if the patient is characterized by allergic reactions to any of the components of the pharmaceutical product.
As follows from the application experience, Azithromycin does not adversely affect the embryo, but the use of antimicrobial composition during the period of gestation is not recommended. In each individual case, the doctor is obliged to compare the obvious benefits for the patient and the possible risks for the child, explain to the client all the dangers associated with the treatment program, and only then prescribe “Azithromycin”.
Do not use an antibiotic to treat persons suffering from severe liver failure. In case of kidney failure and creatine clearance greater than 40 ml / min, Azithromycin is used in a standard dosage.
You can use "Azithromycin" to treat children, but taking into account the weight of the patient.
It is important to remember that macrolides, including Azithromycin, can provoke angioedema, anaphylactic response, and this is associated with a risk of death. If there is a suspicion of a high probability of such a complication, it is necessary to conduct treatment, constantly monitoring the patient's condition.
Requires attention!
It is known that on the background of taking the tablets "Azithromycin" appeared manifestations of myasthenia gravis or activated already existing.
It was not possible to detect the effect of tablets "Azithromycin" on a person's ability to concentrate, to manage transport. Accordingly, during the course of treatment there is no need to limit the work with mechanisms.
When eating too much of the medication, side effects may develop. Most often, stool disorders and nausea, stomach pains and vomiting, short-term hearing impairment are observed. To alleviate the condition, the patient is washed with a stomach and symptomatic treatment is carried out.
, «» . . .
«» . , – 20 . QT .