The hips of a person provide the connection of the lower extremities with the body. Since we walk and actively move every day, they carry an enormous load. Therefore, when pain occurs in this area, you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, discomfort can be the first "bell" of a serious illness that will lead to fatal disability.
Dysplasia and Congenital Dislocation
Typically, these diseases are diagnosed in infants. Dysplasia is a defect in the development of joints, leading to a violation of the supporting function of the limbs. In this case, the neck and head of the hip bone are incorrectly positioned relative to the acetabulum. The reasons are heredity, gluteal presentation of the fetus, endocrine disorders, infections, the age of the parents. It is not difficult to diagnose the disease: in children one leg is shortened, it is difficult to separate the limbs to the sides, and you can hear a click. The baby has a noticeable bending of the spine, he begins to walk late, lameness is possible. The most advanced degree of dysplasia is congenital dislocation of the hip - underdevelopment and displacement of the hip bone.
The sooner the doctor noticed the violation, the easier and faster to get rid of the disease. Usually, a specialist prescribes a special set of exercises, which includes massage and physiotherapy exercises. The baby needs to be swaddled widely, bring it to the clinic for water procedures. In some cases, he is advised to wear spacer tires or orthopedic pants. Gypsum manipulations also help - the final formation of the joint, which occurs up to six months of age.
Peters disease
This is a violation of the blood supply to the hip bone, as a result of which the nutrition of the articular cartilage deteriorates sharply. The causes of Peters disease are different: injuries and excessive load on the joints, improper metabolism, previous infections, congenital problems and genetic tendency. According to statistics, more often boys suffer from an ailment (from 3 to 14 years old), while a predisposition is noticed if at birth their weight was less than 2 kilograms. The disease develops gradually: first, the hip bone and kneecap hurts in the baby, then the gait changes. Sometimes the temperature rises, a general blood test indicates an inflammatory process in the body.
The treatment of the disease depends on the age of the child and the stage of the disease. In any case, doctors advise reducing the load on the joints: prescribe crutches, therapeutic mud, physiotherapy, massage. The patient wears special orthopedic arrows and gives in to the effects of drug therapy. In too advanced cases, surgical intervention is necessary.
Epiphysiolysis
Another childhood disease when dystrophic changes occur in the femoral neck, which subsequently deform it. It is observed in adolescents aged 12-15, in whom the muscles are undeveloped, and the subcutaneous layer of fat is hypertrophied. In this case, the hip joint, bones in this area lose their mechanical strength due to increased activity of growth hormone. The disease is usually bilateral, develops after a minor injury or without any significant reason. Alarming symptoms are pain in the groin and knees, poor hip mobility, sometimes they are accompanied by high blood pressure and a sharp weight gain.
Treat juvenile epiphysiolysis using conservative methods. If the child has not reached the age of 10, they stretch his leg on the tire or an inclined plane, for eight weeks they take him away and make an internal rotation. An alternative is the application of a plaster cast for several months. If the disease is not diagnosed on time, it leads to serious complications.
Osteoporosis
This is a pathology in which the necessary phosphorus and calcium are “washed out” of bone tissue. Bones become weak, porous, they often break. Damage can be obtained as a result of a fall from a height of its own weight or after a banal injury. Osteoporosis affects almost the entire skeleton. As for the hip bone, the neck is the most vulnerable spot for an ailment. A hip fracture in this place is very dangerous, in elderly people it often ends in death.
Since more women are susceptible to the disease, the main reasons for its occurrence can be attributed to menopause, when estrogen production decreases sharply. Pathology of the endocrine system, organ transplantation, poor nutrition, old age, alcoholism, medication, and poor heredity can also provoke the development of an ailment. The main symptoms are back pain, stoop, leg cramps, chest deformation. The treatment consists in the patient taking medications: anabolic, antiresorptive, as well as hormones and vitamins.
Hip fracture
There are three types of such lesions: the distal or lower end, the proximal or upper part, and also the bone body itself. In addition, they diagnose trochanteric trauma and a fracture of the femoral neck. Most often, people over 65 are injured, women after menopause. In young people, a fracture is diagnosed after a car accident, a fall from a height, and so on. The first signs of hip damage are: severe pain in this area, inability to move, one of the limbs is greatly shortened, the foot is turned outward, he cannot even tear his heel off the surface of the bed. Moreover, the larger the angle of the fracture, the higher the risk that it will not grow together.
If a person is diagnosed with a hip fracture, treatment is prescribed both conservative and surgical. The first is the prolonged absence of limb movement. This method is ineffective and is contraindicated in older people. Therefore, if there are no special prohibitions for surgical intervention, doctors prescribe an operation. When the femoral neck is broken, endoprosthetics are done - they change the native joint or only part of it to a mechanical analogue.
Arthritis
The disease implies the presence of inflammatory processes in the joint. It occurs due to impaired metabolism, due to poor immunity, overwork and excessive stress on the leg, as well as a complication after infections and viruses. In this case, the symptoms depend on the type of ailment. For example, with purulent arthritis, the temperature rises sharply. In other varieties of the disease, symptoms appear gradually: from mild aching pains to lameness.
When the hip bone is subject to inflammatory processes, the doctor prescribes many procedures, as well as special exercises, massage, and spa treatment. Do not do without taking medication. Also, tight bandages are constantly applied to the affected leg to ensure the joint is motionless. In some cases, surgical treatment is provided: rehabilitation of inflammatory foci and restoration of joint functions. Even after discharge, the patient will undergo a rehabilitation course for a long time.
Bursitis
This is inflammation of the bursa - the synovial bag of the hip joint. Occurs due to physical exertion or after an injury. First, the patient feels a burning pain in the area where the hip bone is located. It grows rapidly, preventing a person from bending a limb or walking normally. The patient is especially tormented at night, since during rest the symptoms intensify to such an extent that it becomes impossible to lie on the injured side.
The treatment of bursitis is simple. Most often, it is enough to just take anti-inflammatory drugs and observe bed rest. The patient is also required to perform exercises that are aimed at stretching the tibial tract and strengthening the buttocks. If the case is severe, the doctor will prescribe injections of glucocorticoids, physiotherapy - ultrasound or electrophoresis, as well as surgery. The prognosis for recovery is usually positive. You can return to normal life in two months.
Synovitis
The wide hip bone is often prone to this disease - inflammation of the synovial membrane of the joint. It often causes lameness in children, in most cases in boys from 3 to 10 years. It occurs as a complication after an injury or SARS. Symptoms appear quickly and develop rapidly, they are very reminiscent of signs of tuberculosis. The patient feels limited in movements, his joints hurt, muscle cramps are observed. Fever and fever are recorded in rare cases.
Basically, doctors prescribe antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, a puncture to remove the contents of the joint bag, and recommend fixing the injured leg. During the first days, you need to minimize physical activity, but after a week you can return to a full existence. By the way, traditional medicine for the fight against synovitis recommends thyme, rye, St. John's wort, mistletoe and other herbs.
Aseptic Necrosis
This is one of the most serious diseases that affects the hip bone. It represents the death of tissue of the femoral head due to circulatory disorders. Factors contributing to the development of the disease - neck fractures, dislocations, the effect of high pressure (among miners, divers and cavers), alcoholism. The cause may be a certain disease: osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and so on, as well as taking medications and a cold. If left untreated, the femoral head will be completely destroyed.
Symptoms include sharp pain when standing on a sore leg or walking. Hip necrosis provokes the appearance of lameness, limits the mobility of the limb. An x-ray is needed for diagnosis. As for the choice of treatment, it depends on the stage of the disease and the characteristics of the human body. It is usually recommended to perform an operation to restore blood flow, make bone decompression or an autograft transplant. In the later stages, endoprosthetics are performed using mechanical joints.
When to see a doctor?
When the hip bone is bothering you, treatment should begin immediately. If the pain limits your usual life and does not go away for three days, contact the clinic. The doctor will make a diagnosis using various devices: MRI, X-ray, ultrasound. To establish the correct diagnosis, he will appoint you a consultation with other specialized specialists, a detailed medical history will also be collected and all sorts of analyzes performed.
Remember that ignoring pain can lead to irreversible consequences. A person who does not treat ailments of the hip risks becoming disabled. Moreover, the sooner you seek help, the more effective the therapy will be. The patient will be able to recover quickly and easily, and also spend less money. In fact, all such diseases in the first stages are treated without problems using conservative methods. Endoprosthetics are indicated only in case of complications. Take care of your health!