Kidney dystopia is a serious abnormality characterized by a violation of the normal location of this organ. It is accompanied by pain in the abdomen or lower back, an upset digestive system. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound and angiography. With the development of complications, immediate treatment is required.
Medical certificate
Kidney dystopia is an abnormal organ placement. Pathology always has an inborn character. One of the paired parts of the organ can be localized in the pelvis, lower back or sternum. The location determines the clinical picture of the disorder. It is detected in one child out of 1000 and makes up 2.8% of all abnormal cases.
Dystopia is associated with inhibition of the process of movement and rotation of the organ in the direction from the pelvic zone to the lumbar region. It develops during embryogenesis. Initially, in a child, the rudiments of the kidneys are formed in the pelvis. Then they rise up and take their usual place in the lumbar region. If during this process the child's body experiences a negative effect, a malfunction occurs. As a result, the baby is born with a dystopia of the kidney. According to ICD-10, the pathology has a code Q 63.2.
Main reasons
Dystopia is an exclusively congenital anomaly. Neither obstetric experience, nor the method of delivery can affect its occurrence. However, the influence of some factors on the pregnant woman’s body and, as a result, on the fetus inside the womb causes this pathology. These are the following violations:
- abuse of alcohol and drugs by a woman;
- nicotine addiction;
- psychological trauma, severe stress;
- bad ecology.
Separately, a hereditary predisposition should be noted. In medical practice, cases of transmission of dystopia from mother to newborn are known.
Varieties of anomalies
There are several varieties of bias in the formation of a paired organ. Doctors know cases of unilateral and bilateral anomalous structure. When the organ is located on the opposite side, they talk about cross dystopia. When it is localized in its half of the body, but incorrectly, we are talking about a homolaterial form of violation.
Depending on the location of the pathology, the following forms are distinguished:
- Lumbar Lumbar dystopia of the kidney is the most common disorder. It is characterized by the location of the artery low in relation to the aorta. The pelvis is almost always turned forward. The kidney has a short ureter, which significantly reduces the mobility of the organ.
- Pelvic. The kidney is localized between the ureter and the rectal area. In women, a decrease in the size of the uterus is diagnosed. With this form of disturbance, nearby organs suffer, which causes severe pain and malfunction of the whole body.
- Iliac. An organ with dystopia is localized in the iliac fossa. It can be diagnosed by a large number of vessels extending from the iliac artery. Pathology is often confused with a cyst or cancer.
- Subphrenic. An abnormal kidney is located under the diaphragm. This form of disturbance is characterized by an increase in the length of the ureter.
According to medical statistics, lumbar dystopia of the right kidney is most often diagnosed. It is characterized by a slight displacement just below the anatomical norm. In this case, the organ is located forward by the pelvis and is well palpated in the hypochondrium. In the case of an initial examination, this form of anomaly is usually perceived as a tumor.
Clinical picture
Symptoms of pathology are largely due to the anatomical location of the displaced organ.
For example, lumbar dystopia of the kidney often does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. Muffled pains may occasionally occur in the affected area. Patients with an iliac anomaly account for about 12% of all cases. Usually they complain of discomfort in the abdominal wall. Pain syndrome is associated with the pressure of adjacent organs. Other manifestations of the disease are urination disorders, constipation, stomach cramps and flatulence. In women, its exacerbation is observed during menstruation.
Pelvic dystopia of the kidney is characterized by severe pain in the intestinal zone, regular constipation. If the displaced organ presses on the bladder, the patient is worried about the desire to constantly empty it. This form of pathology is rare, but is considered dangerous for women of childbearing age. It can negatively affect the course of pregnancy, provoke complications and increased manifestations of toxicosis.
Subdiaphragmatic dystopia is difficult to diagnose. It is manifested by painful sensations behind the sternum, which may be accompanied by shortness of breath, problems with the digestive tract.
Kidney dystopia and pregnancy
Conception problems occur in women only in the case of pelvic dystopia of the left kidney, less often the right.
An abnormal arrangement of the organ always complicates the pregnancy. Women experience increased manifestations of toxicosis, painful discomfort, and difficulty urinating. Symptoms may worsen as the fetus grows and develops inside the womb.
Pregnant women rarely manage to reach the third trimester. Childbirth is usually premature and requires a cesarean section. This method of delivery is due to the high probability of a woman's death. The vessels of the kidney are transmitted by the fetus at the time of its movement through the birth canal.
Diagnostic Methods
Kidney dystopia is a serious pathology that requires timely detection. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs is mandatory for all children under one year old. With the help of such a study, it is possible to detect an anomaly and prevent the appearance of undesirable consequences.
In adulthood, complicated diagnosis is required. The detection of iliac dystopia of the kidney or lumbar is carried out by palpation through the anterior abdominal wall. Pelvic pathology is determined by rectal examination in men, and in women by gynecological examination. A dense mass is usually located under the posterior wall of the vagina or near the rectum.
To clarify the diagnosis, you may need to take the following measures:
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
- urography;
- SKT and MRI;
- angiography;
- scintiography.
In addition to hardware diagnostic methods, laboratory procedures (urine, blood tests, etc.) are also used during the examination.
Treatment recommendations
Treating kidney dystopia is a long and complex process. The choice of therapeutic tactics depends on the location of the lesion and its degree, the effect on neighboring organs. Some patients have enough medication, while others require surgery.
However, all patients, without exception, are shown to follow a strict diet, including after recovery. It provides for the rejection of fatty and fried foods, smoked meats. Patients are advised to follow the diet table number 7.
An important role is played by the drinking regime. Preference should be given to plain still water. It is better to refuse a mineral water, since the substances contained in it can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
Doctors say that approximately 85% of all medications taken with this ailment give only a temporary effect. On the other hand, they are harmful to the gallbladder and liver. Therefore, therapy and the patient's further lifestyle should be aimed not only at maintaining the full functioning of the kidneys, but also the rest of the organ systems.
When detecting dystopia of the left kidney or the right patient, it is important to beware of such an unpleasant problem as angina. The inflammatory process in the tonsils, as a rule, is due to the activity of hemolytic streptococcus. This microorganism negatively affects renal function. In addition, it is necessary to constantly monitor the state of health and try to avoid hypothermia.
After undergoing a therapeutic course, doctors recommend spa treatment to all patients. Preference should be given to radon baths and healing mud. In addition, physiotherapeutic procedures can be prescribed to achieve a lasting therapeutic effect.
Conservative therapy
Drug treatment of dystopia includes two aspects:
- when the inflammatory process is detected, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed (Tsiprolet, Furamag);
- for relief of a pain syndrome reception of analgesics is obligatory ("Spazgan", "Spazmalgon").
Prescribed medications have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. They act not only on the affected organ, but also on nearby systems. Conservative therapy also includes the use of drugs for the prevention of urolithiasis and other related ailments.
The need for surgery
Surgical treatment is justified only in case of circulatory disorders of the displaced organ. It comes down to removing the kidney or moving it and fixing it in the right place from the point of view of anatomy. Total resection is resorted to with complete necrosis of the renal tissue. In this case, before surgery, doctors carefully study the paired organ, evaluate its functionality.
Prognosis for recovery
The diagnosis of renal dystopia (right or left), which is asymptomatic, has a favorable prognosis. However, the risk of complications still exists. The quality and life expectancy of the patient largely determines the form of the disease and its severity, the general state of human health.
Prevention Methods
Dystopia belongs to the category of congenital pathologies. Therefore, it is advisable to engage in its prevention even before the conception of the child. A married couple needs to be consulted by a geneticist to exclude the risk of anomaly in unborn children.
During the period of pregnancy itself, it is important to adhere to the following rules:
- completely abandon the use of alcoholic beverages, smoking and drugs;
- beware of radioactive and chemical effects;
- adhere to proper nutrition;
- Gymnastics and hiking.
Even if dystopia could not be avoided, immediately after its identification it is necessary to register the child with a nephrologist or urologist.
Summarize
Dystopia is an exclusively congenital pathology. It is characterized by a displacement of the kidney into the pelvis, sternum or lower back. The clinical picture is largely determined by the localization of the violation. However, a common symptom for all types of pathology is pain.
Treatment of dystopia involves the use of antispasmodics and antibacterial agents. A radical measure is the removal of a displaced organ. With timely and competent treatment, the prognosis for recovery is always favorable. The exception is pregnant women. But for them, individual treatment tactics and an appropriate method of delivery are selected.