In the article, we will consider how to treat lymphofollicular hyperplasia.
This is a pathological process in which cells grow uncontrollably. The process of proliferation of follicular tissue, forming the mucous and submucosal layers. Such a disease occurs in patients of any age and does not depend on their gender, food addiction, place of residence.
Description
Diagnose lymphofollicular hyperplasia in the endocrine system, but most often the pathology affects the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of the disease in the gastrointestinal tract is due to the presence of a large number of predisposing factors - a high level of stress, a large number of carcinogens, chronic gastrointestinal pathologies. In endocrine organs, hyperplastic changes develop against the background of systemic or endocrine disorders. For example, hyperplasia can be detected in the thymus gland, if the patient is already diagnosed with any pathology of the pituitary gland.
Development reasons
The development of pathology is due to a variety of negative effects of external and internal factors that lead to cell growth. So, lymphofollicular hyperplasia can occur against the background of concomitant problems - hyperglycemia, functional liver disorders, and obesity. Scientists also attribute a hereditary predisposition to a risk factor.
Pathology can develop for the following reasons:
- Violation of the motility of the duodenum, stomach.
- Herpes virus infection.
- Immunity disorders.
- Constant stress, nervous breakdowns.
- Exposure to Helicobacter pylori.
- The presence of atrophic, autoimmune, chronic pathologies in the digestive tract (for example, gastritis in these forms).
- Blastomogenic effect.
- The effect of products having specific tissue breakdown.
- Failures in the activity of nervous regulation of the digestive tract.
- Hormonal abnormalities.
- Dysfunction of the internal secretion of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Symptomatology
Symptoms of lymphofollicular hyperplasia are highly dependent on the location of the focus of the pathology. What does this mean?
Its generalized symptoms include a decrease in the level of albumin, an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes. There is a feeling of weakness, fever. It is important to note that if lymphofollicular hyperplasia is benign, then symptoms are usually absent. Negative symptoms are noted if hyperplastic lesion of the gastrointestinal tract has a special course or is started. In this case, dyspepsia, epigastric pain often develops.
Stages
According to the stages, hyperplasia is classified in accordance with the distribution and size of the follicles:
- At the zero stage, the lymphoid follicles are completely absent or weakly expressed, are randomly located, have small sizes.
- At the first stage, a single, diffuse growth of small follicles is observed.
- In the second stage, follicles spread diffusely, densely, but do not combine into conglomerates.
- In the third stage, follicle twisting is noted, sometimes in a colony of significant size. The mucous follicles are sometimes hyperemic.
- At the fourth stage, erosive areas are detected, marked hyperemia of the mucous membranes, in which fibrin plaque is present, is noted. The mucous membranes, in addition, acquire a matte color, and the vascular pattern is enhanced on them.
Given the above features of the course and formation of lymphofollicular hyperplasia, some conclusions can be made:
- Clinical manifestations develop only at the 3-4th stage of the disease, when the patient develops a pain syndrome in the abdominal region, intestinal bleeding appears.
- It is possible to identify the disease at other stages only by chance, during the diagnosis of any other disorder. This is due to the absence of specific symptoms.
We consider gastric hyperplasia below.
Hyperplasia affecting the gastric mucosa
The gastric mucosa has a very complex structure, which is due to the performance of many functions, including tread, secretory. In addition, she takes part in the process of peristalsis.
Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is called the process of excessive proliferation of epithelial cells with simultaneous thickening of the wall of the mucous membranes. Very often, pathology is accompanied by the appearance of polyps, growths. The reasons for the development of gastric hyperplasia are usually classified as hormonal changes, neurological failures. Hyperplasia is very rarely transformed into oncology. In most cases, the appearance of cancer cells is promoted by epithelial dysplasia, when the cells forming the mucous membrane are transformed into cells with a pronounced atypical structure. The most dangerous disease is mucosal metaplasia, which is characterized by the development of digestive dysfunction and a high risk of developing malignant tumors.
The main tasks of a gastroenterologist with lymphofollicular hyperplasia are the diagnosis and the appointment of the right treatment. Moreover, therapy methods should be selected individually.
How does gastritis with lymphofollicular hyperplasia occur?
Pathology affecting the antrum
Statistics show that such hyperplasia in the antrum of the stomach develops not only in the presence of chronic gastritis, which is provoked by exposure to Helicobacter pylori, but also against a background of weakened immunity. Immune changes together with gastritis are diagnosed, as clinical practice shows, in conditions of low acidity, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the appearance of autoimmune pathologies.
In childhood
A study of cases of the development of the disease in childhood made it possible to determine that in the antrum, lymphofollicular hyperplasia develops as a result of autoimmune rheumatic pathologies, and not the activity of bacteria. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microflora in combination with autoimmune abnormalities significantly increases the likelihood of a disease.
Very often, changes in the mucous membranes cause the development of polyps localized in the antrum. Polyps are inflammatory in nature and occur in 70-90% of cases. Outwardly, they look like dense formations with a rounded cylindrical shape, a wide base and a flat top.
Lymphofollicular ileum hyperplasia
The ileum is called the lower part of the small intestine. Inside, it is lined with mucous membranes, on which there are many villi. On its surface there are also capillaries, lymph vessels, which are involved in the absorption of nutrients.
In the ileum, lymphofollicular hyperplasia is formed due to polyperative processes in the intestinal wall and immunodeficiency. A clinically pathological condition is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Marked inhibition of immunity.
- Sharp weight loss.
- Abdominal pains.
- The presence in the stool of blood, mucus.
- Watery stools, frequent urge to empty the bowels.
There is a change in the main indicators of the immune system: a significant increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes.
Disease differentiation
Differentiation of the disease occurs on the basis of laboratory studies of feces, urine, blood and the results of fibrin fiber endoscopy. Most often, lymphofollicular dysplasia can be diagnosed when it affects the terminal ileum. This suggests that the pathological process is secondary in nature and a therapeutic effect on it is not required. As preventive and therapeutic measures, a strict diet can be recommended, in which a number of products are prohibited. In cases where the inflammation is serious and there is a suspicion of Crohn's disease, cancer, surgical intervention or drug therapy is indicated.
Lymph node hyperplasia
Hyperplastic changes in the lymph nodes are a clinical symptom, accompanied by excessive growth of lymph node cells and a gradual decrease in their number due to degeneration and structural changes. As a rule, lymph node hyperplasia is the body's immune response to a variety of infections that enter the body. Lymphadenitis can also be of bacterial, viral, oncological origin. So, submandibular lymphadenitis often develops against the background of tonsillitis, scarlet fever, felinosis, caries, diphtheria, mumps and other diseases.
Diagnostics
The disease is difficult to detect at the initial stages of its development, since it proceeds almost asymptomatically. Quite often, lymphoid follicles are found in the process of colonyoscopy in other diseases.
Other diagnostic methods that allow you to explore the enlarged mucous layer in the intestine, stomach, include: sigmoidoscopy, FGDS, colonoscopy, radiography using a contrast medium. Using X-rays, it is possible to assess the degree of spread of pathological cells.
If lymphofollicular hyperplasia is detected, the patient is shown periodic examinations, which is due to the likelihood of degeneration of abnormal areas into tumors of a malignant nature.
Gastroenterologists, oncologists, surgeons, and oncologists are involved in the treatment of the disease.
Therapy
In cases where gastrointestinal lymphofollicular hyperplasia occurs with the appearance of obvious signs of pathology, therapy is indicated aimed at reducing acidity in the stomach and suppressing Helicobacter pylori activity. Therapy involves the mandatory elimination of gastritis by following a diet and the use of medications, including antibiotics.
Treatment of lymphofollicular hyperplasia should be comprehensive.
In the presence of malignant tumors, surgical intervention is indicated. With hyperplasia in the digestive system, excision of the affected areas of the intestine, resection of the stomach is performed. The duration of the rehabilitation period depends on the nature and severity of the disease, the general condition of the patient and the success of the operation.
In identifying pathological foci of hyperplasia in the hematopoietic, endocrine system, with signs of a malignant process, combination therapy is required, which combines chemotherapy and surgical techniques.
Therapy of benign lymphofollicular hyperplasia, as a rule, is not required.