As you can learn from the latest news, the upcoming year is expected to register a domestic vaccine. Measles, rubella, and mumps are a triad of diseases that are vaccinated at about the same time, but combined formulations that are effective for all three diseases are so far produced only by foreign pharmaceutical companies. Consider the features of the domestic market.
What to expect?
The warning measles, rubella, and mumps domestic vaccine, as can be found in the media, will be registered next year. The name of the drug is already known - "Vactrivir". Preliminary tests have proven that the product is well tolerated by children and provides reliable protection against the triad of terrible diseases. If everyone knows what rubella and measles are, then the term “mumps” sometimes introduces parents into a stupor. The common name for pathology in our country is mumps.
Today, pharmacies can offer customers Russian vaccines for all three diseases separately. There is a combined composition that allows you to protect your child from mumps, measles. So far, Russian pharmaceutical companies have not mass-produced such a medicine that would prevent all three diseases.
From whom to expect?
Effectively preventing measles, rubella, and mumps, the domestic vaccine will be presented by Microgen. These laboratories are included in the Rostec State Corporation. According to NGO representatives, the preparatory work has already been completed, the dossier for the new product has been completely compiled. "Vactrivir" is formed as a live vaccination from the cultural category. Its manufacture is completely the responsibility of domestic specialists. As representatives of Microgen assured, in the near future the novelty will be included in the list of medicines maintained at the state level. It is assumed that this will happen in the spring of the coming year. As soon as the pharmaceutical product is successfully registered, they will begin to use it, following the dates of the national calendar that regulates the features of the settings for preventive vaccinations for children. "Vactrivir" is intended for administration twice: at the age of one and six years.
Designed to protect against measles, rubella, and mumps, the domestic vaccine has already been tested and verified. Manufacturers report the success of the preclinical, clinical trial phases. We can speak with confidence about the safety of this product and its good effect on human health. A high level of tolerance is already known. According to manufacturers, excellent results were shown not only by a study of adult volunteers, but also by groups of children. Those who received the injections were monitored for a month and a half. 95-98% of the subjects showed an increased level of antibody generation in the body.
What is today: from measles and mumps
At the moment, there is still no such Russian vaccine for measles, rubella, and mumps that a child could receive right now. Until a new drug is registered, you must either purchase foreign products or inject twice: first with a combination of measles and mumps, then rubella. Consider the features of a vaccine designed to protect children from mumps, measles. The pharmaceutical product is in the form of a powder intended for dilution with a special liquid. When ready, the substance is injected under the skin. The powder has a uniform structure, somewhat porous. The hue is pinkish. In one dose, measles virus is present in the amount of thousands of units, mumps - twenty times more. Gentamicin sulfate is also present . In one ampoule - up to 20 mcg. Gelatin solution and stabilizer are used as additional ingredients.
Pharmacology
The measles and mumps vaccine combined with the rubella-preventing vaccine helps to rule out a high level of reliability, since it activates the generation of antibodies to viruses in the body. After the moment of vaccination, a stable high level of measles antibody content is observed on average after 3.5 weeks, for the mumps this period reaches 6.5 weeks.
The drug is designed to prevent epidemic mumps, measles. For the first time, the vaccine must be obtained at the age of one, re-introduction is done at six years. It is indicated to administer the medicinal composition only if the child was not sick with mumps and measles. As part of an emergency program, the drug is administered to people over one year of age. If an adult came into contact with a patient with mumps and measles, while he himself had not been sick and had not received a vaccine, he was shown emergency administration of the medication. If there are no specific contraindications, you need to enter the medicinal composition in the first 72 hours after contact with the infected.
How right?
The timing of administration is the same for the injection in question and for measles protection. Rubella, mumps with the vaccine can be prevented if the medication is injected subcutaneously on time. The manufacturer clarifies: it is necessary to prepare a liquid for injective administration immediately before using the medicinal composition. To dilute one dose using 0.5 ml of liquid. The substance should be injected either under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder. In the second variant of the localization of the injection, the optimal area is outside, between the central third and lower. According to the plan, children should receive such vaccines twice.
Emergency preventive measures are laid at the age of one year and older. It is allowed to administer such medicines to adolescents and adults as an emergency measure of protection against the disease. The indication for using the vaccine will be confirmed contact with the patient.
Effects
Like any other (for example, a rubella-preventive vaccine), the Russian measles and mumps vaccine can provoke undesirable consequences of taking it. All possible phenomena are recorded in the accompanying instructions. From the fourth day after receipt and until the 18th inclusive, a temperature increase is possible, while indicators of more than 38.5 degrees are observed in no more than 2% of those who received the medicine. Catarrhal signs are possible, the duration of which reaches three days. In some, for a couple of days, the glands that are located near the ears are more responsible for generating saliva of the gland. The general condition of the person is stable. A rash resembling measles may appear, as well as a general malaise.
In the area of drug administration, the skin may redden, soft tissues are prone to edema. No special treatment is required. The phenomena exhaust themselves in a few days.
All domestic vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps and any other diseases, as well as imported products, can cause an allergic response. This is very rare, if it develops, then in the first day or two after receiving the injection. After 2-4 weeks, serous meningitis is possible. The disease flows benignly, although a particularly careful differential diagnosis is needed.
Sometimes you can’t
Any medication has contraindications, and domestic vaccines are effective against measles, rubella, and mumps. The instruction for injections, designed to prevent mumps, measles, states that the drug can not be administered with an increased sensitivity of the patient to the components of the drug. Do not use the composition if the susceptibility of chicken protein, gentamicin is high. You can not use the medicine on the background of malignant pathologies affecting the blood. Contraindications are the oncological process, neoplasms, primary insufficiency of immunity. You can not use the product again if its use for the first time caused a sharp reaction, the temperature increased more than 40 degrees, swelling in size exceeded 8 cm. If the previous administration caused complications, the vaccine is not administered again. You can not use the composition against the backdrop of a relapse of a chronic disease or in acute infectious and non-existent. Injections are contraindicated in women expecting a baby.
The nuances of using
Preventing rubella, mumps, measles, domestic vaccinations have a number of application features. Consider the nuances of administering a drug that minimizes the risk of mumps and measles. The manufacturer in the accompanying documentation indicates: HIV is not a contraindication for administration. If a person has ARVI in a relatively mild, moderate form, if an intestinal disease is detected, the vaccine must be used as soon as the temperature stabilizes. It is recommended to shift the time of administration if there is a peak in serous meningitis in society. If a person has taken a therapeutic course with the use of drugs that suppress the immune system, injections should be administered only after a long period of time - from a quarter to half a year.
Domestic vaccinations designed to reduce the incidence of measles, rubella, and mumps can be used simultaneously. It is necessary to choose the date when the child will receive all the funds prescribed for his age, according to the national injection calendar. You can enter funds that exclude the risk of whooping cough, tetanus. At the same time, use drugs that minimize the risk of poliomyelitis and diphtheria. You can be vaccinated against the second type of hepatitis on the same day. If the patient received an injection earlier, an injection is made from mumps and measles a month later after this moment. If a human immunoglobulin was obtained, a two-month pause must be sustained. If vaccinated against mumps, measles, human immunoglobulin can be administered only two weeks after the procedure. If there is an urgent need for immunoglobulin, vaccination against mumps and measles is subsequently repeated.
The nuances of using
Russian vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps and other serious and deadly diseases must be used strictly for their intended purpose, administered according to the calendar, monitoring the condition of the person after the event. If a certain person is exempted from receiving an injection, it is necessary to carefully monitor her condition. If the cause is a contraindication of a temporary nature, you need to give an injection as soon as they leave.
If previously the patient had febrile convulsions, if after receiving the drug the body temperature rises above 38.5 degrees, medications effective against heat should be used.
The injectable solution is prepared before use. Duration of dilution is three minutes. For one dose, 0.5 ml of solvent is sufficient. If the ampoule is damaged, its contents cannot be used - this also applies to the vaccine powder and the substance intended for its dissolution. If they changed, physical qualities were violated - shade, structure, uniformity - you can not use the medication. It is forbidden to introduce a product that has expired. You can not use the composition, stored incorrectly. Opening the container with the medicine and administering the drug is possible only under aseptic conditions using antiseptic formulations. Ethanol can be used to open the ampoule, while this liquid must not be allowed to enter.
Important nuances of the procedure
In our country, pharmaceutical products with standardized names are still on sale, and there are no exceptions to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. The domestic names of these drug products are quite long: “Live cultural vaccine”, the name continues with a list of the diseases that it helps to prevent. Often in the title there is also an indication of the form of release. There are practically no short names, but it is assumed that this will be the new product promised in the coming year.
To dilute the powder for injection, you must first get all the solvent from the ampoule, then transfer it to a container containing dry matter. The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed. For a set, use a new needle. Only strictly sterile products are allowed. After dissolution, you must immediately enter the drug. Store it is not allowed.
If the patient received injections to prevent measles, mumps, rubella, the name of the vaccine and the date of the event are fixed in a special form. The country has introduced general requirements for registration of events. The manufacturer of the product, dosage, technical data, characteristics of the individual reaction are entered in the journal.
Escaping Rubella
There are not only pharmaceutical products in pharmacies and clinics designed to prevent measles and mumps. The composition of the Russian rubella vaccine has attracted the attention of many: this drug is usually used in combination with the one described above, since the recommended vaccination periods coincide. The medicine is made using thousands of units of live vaccine. The drug is in the form of a powder intended for dilution in a special liquid. The prepared product is injected. As a solvent, it is allowed to use industrially purified and prepared water for injections. For dilution of one dose, 0.5 ml is necessary.
Products are classified as live attenuated. For the manufacture of used strain Wistar. In laboratory conditions, it is grown on human diploid cell structures. As in the case of mumps, measles, the name of the vaccine that warns rubella with a high level of effectiveness is quite long, it is not easy to remember. There is no special short name, the name describes the fact that the product is a vaccine, it indicates what type of culture and form of manufacture (lyophilisate). In the accompanying documentation, the duration of the formation of specific immunity is noted - this is estimated at approximately a couple of weeks after receiving the injection. The duration of its conservation is about two decades. Some suggest that immunity is even longer.
When and how?
Currently, almost any Russian clinic and pharmacy has preventive measles, rubella, and mumps vaccines. The compositions of domestic products are described above. As a rule, ordinary people are poorly guided in the features of the components used by the manufacturer, but everyone should know the indications, rules of administration and possible undesirable consequences. In particular, parents should understand when and why their children need another injection. Rubella-preventive Russian vaccine has been given to all persons over one year of age. Dependence on gender is not. If girls, women of reproductive age, have not previously received such a vaccine and have not had rubella, it is recommended that an injection be taken to minimize risks.
One injection of the drug is enough. The vaccine is injected either under the skin or in muscle tissue. As you can conclude from the reviews, domestic vaccinations, measles, rubella and mumps warning really effective, rarely cause serious negative consequences. As noted in the instructions, a composition intended to exclude rubella often initiates adverse events in adults. Some have enlarged lymph nodes, while others form areas of rash. There is a risk of slight heat. Such phenomena are usually recorded on the fifth day after receiving the drug and later.
Safe and reliable use.
You should not be vaccinated against rubella if immunodeficiency is observed. Does not play a role, such is from birth or acquired. Contraindication is HIV infection. If the patient received immunoglobulins, vaccination is allowed only after six weeks. Do not vaccinate pregnant. The manufacturer recommends planning the conception only two months after receiving the drug or later. If an injection was given to a pregnant woman at an early stage of gestation, when the fact of conception was not yet revealed, it is not necessary to interrupt the process.
If the mother was infected with HIV, they decide how to give the vaccine when the baby is 9-10 months old.As can be seen from the reviews of Russian vaccines, measles, rubella, and mumps are vaccinated against vaccination reliably, but only if used correctly. Doctors should consider the effects of maternal immunoglobulins. These can be in the blood of a baby up to 14 months of age. If, after this period of time, the child is considered infected with HIV, the case is referred for consideration by a consultation of doctors. The board will decide on the need for an injection. If it is recognized that there is no infection, the baby receives injections in standard mode.
Nuances
Safety ensures strict compliance with the requirements of doctors and manufacturers that protect against measles, mumps, rubella, and vaccines. Reviews of Russian pharmaceutical products are generally positive, while women note that after the injection, the doctors recommended that they be protected from conception as efficiently and reliably as possible for at least two weeks.
It is allowed to administer a rubella preventive drug at the same time as other vaccines. Take into account that a certain time period after the patient receives the vaccine, false negative results of the tuberculin test are possible.
Own or someone else?
Often, parents have to choose: whether to agree to the child introducing a foreign-made drug - there is a combined remedy that simultaneously reduces the risk of contracting measles, rubella, and mumps. Reviews about the domestic vaccine, however, are such that many, without possessing extra funds or wanting to support the home manufacturer, decide on a Russian product. The vaccines produced in our country, as can be concluded from the experience of receiving them, are really high-quality. Some parents with several children had the opportunity in practice to compare which is better. Mostly they conclude from observations that there is no difference.
Of course, before the final choice is to study the instructions, and the rules, and reviews about the domestic vaccine. Measles, rubella, and mumps are quite terrible diseases, so there is no need to take risks beyond measure. As can be seen from the responses of many, the main difference between a foreign product and one produced by us is the ability to get all cultures with one injection, while domestic ones are introduced in two doses.
Choice: wider and wider
It is likely that soon it will be even harder for parents to decide which is better: an imported or domestic vaccine. Measles, rubella, and mumps can be prevented either by a combined compound manufactured abroad, effective from all three dangerous viruses, or by a combination of several domestic ones. If in the coming year, as promised, a new Russian drug goes on sale, effective from three pathologies at once, it may be much more difficult for many to decide in favor of a specific product. Everything has pros, there are also disadvantages.
So, an imported or domestic vaccine? Measles, rubella, and mumps can be prevented with a single Priorix shot tested by a panel of experts from different countries. This product has passed international testing and is recognized as safe and effective. Domestic medicines made for the domestic market of our country did not pass such studies, only internal commissions. To some, this seems to be the basis for a final decision. However, the experience of people who received injections shows that the Russian product is no less reliable than the foreign one.
Do I need it?
It is worth recognizing that in different sources you can see mixed reviews of parents about domestic vaccines. Measles, rubella, and mumps are among the diseases from which the human body is able to form a long and reliable immunity. It seems to some that it is better to give the child the opportunity to get sick with pathology in a natural mode. Others believe that any vaccine is just a source of harm. Doctors, however, do not agree with this opinion. It is recognized that vaccination for the child’s body is much simpler and easier, while a full-fledged disease poses a danger to life. A vaccinated child does not pose a threat to society, but a patient can potentially infect an unlimited number of people with whom he is in contact.
The final decision remains with the person in charge. Is it worth it to trust pharmaceutical products and modern science - it is up to the individual to decide. True, we must remember that the price of risk is perhaps not only health, but the future and even the child’s opportunity to live.
About risks: what is measles?
This terrible and very contagious disease in our society is considered childish. To get sick, you just need to be close to the patient - for example, in a public place. The virus is not afraid of small distances, so it was called volatile. The high prevalence of the pathogen has led to the fact that mainly people fall ill in childhood, and the immunity obtained during successful recovery is maintained until the last day of life.
For many centuries, measles was called the worst childhood illness due to the very high risk of death. In our country, on average, one in four patients died, which is why the pathology was called childhood plague. For the first time, prevention began to be practiced in 1916. Both the incidence rate and the frequency of deaths in the very first years were managed to be reduced hundreds of times. And today, measles deaths remain high. From year to year, as calculated by the WHO, this disease is the cause of about 900,000 childhood deaths. Anyone has the risk of getting sick, and more often than not, children older than one year old, but less than five years old, become infected if they have not received the vaccine.
Children under the age of one year still have maternal immunity; in addition, they have little contact with the world. However, if the mother did not suffer measles and was not vaccinated, in the first days and months of her existence, the child may become ill.