What is hypokinesia? You can learn the answer to this question from this article. In addition, we will tell you in detail about the reasons why such a pathological condition occurs, describe its types and present treatment methods.
General information
Hypokinesia is a special condition of the body caused by insufficient motor activity. It should be noted that such a deviation does not constitute a danger to the patient's life. However, in some cases, when the patient has a pronounced immobility, it can lead to rather serious complications (pulmonary embolism, sepsis, etc.).
Despite the fact that this condition is not very common, hypokinesia still requires special attention, as it leads the patient to significant social and functional limitations.
Causes of occurrence
Hypokinesia is a limitation of a person’s mobility, which can occur due to various reasons. Let's consider some of them in more detail:
- CNS infections quite often cause disorders that become the causes of the development of hypokinesia.
- Pharmacological agents sometimes also cause a similar deviation. As a rule, this occurs due to blocking of neuroreceptors.
- Various injuries often cause a pathological condition such as hypokinesia. This can happen after gunshot wounds, falls, heavy blows to the head and so on.
- During intoxication, specific neurons are also affected , which lead to partial immobility or inhibition of a person.
- Vascular disorders often cause isolated heart attack, which leads to the development of hypokinesia. By the way, such a deviation is often manifested in a multi-infarction condition.
- Degenerative disorders can quite easily lead to the loss of specific cells with neurotransmitters, which are responsible for the physiological purpose of a person.
Other reasons
Hypokinesia is a complex of motor disorders that can occur against the background of a psychiatric instability of a person.
- Depression. Such a condition rather quickly and easily leads to psychomotor inhibition. So, due to prolonged depression, spontaneous movements of a completely healthy person can become limited and slow.
- Catatonia. This deviation is accompanied by a pronounced limitation of spontaneous movements. As a rule, this is due to the fact that a person is in a stationary state for a rather long time. Outwardly, such people look like they just woke up. Unofficially, this phenomenon is called "wax flexibility."
In addition, metabolic disorders, including hypothyroidism, can also cause hypokinesia. Typically, such deviations are accompanied by a general slowdown in all motor functions. In addition, the aforementioned condition often occurs against the background of neuromuscular disorders. This pathological condition is characterized by severe rigidity of muscle tissue, a slowdown in the rate of movement, especially in the muscles of the upper and lower extremities.
Types of hypokinesia
Now you know what hypokinesia is. It should be noted that in medical practice there are several types of such a pathological condition. Let's consider them in more detail.
- Physiological view. This deviation may occur due to the influence of genetic factors, abnormalities in human development and the presence of motor “debility”.
- Habitual-household look. This condition appears due to excessive household comfort, which leads to a decrease in motor initiative, as well as getting used to a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, this deviation may occur due to neglect of physical culture.
- Clinical appearance (nosogenic). In this case, the limitation of the range of movements arises due to production needs. Also, this deviation may occur due to diseases of the musculoskeletal system and various injuries that require a long bed rest.
- School look. In this case, hypokinesia develops due to improper organization of the educational process (for example, when overloaded with training sessions, lack of free time, ignoring physical education, etc.).
- Climatogeographic view. Hypokinesia resulting from adverse climatic or geographical conditions.
- Experimental view. This condition is a simulation of reduced motor activity in order to conduct biomedical research.
Hypokinesia and physical inactivity
As you can see, hypokinesia can develop against a background of various mental and neurological disorders. In addition, this condition is often caused by the sedentary nature of a person’s working activity or his lifestyle in general. In such cases, this deviation can lead to physical inactivity.
Hypokinesia - what is it? We answered this question a little higher. Now we should talk about what constitutes physical inactivity. This word was formed from Greek and literally means reduced mobility.
Such a deviation is accompanied by impaired functions of the body (blood circulation, musculoskeletal system, digestion and respiration) with a noticeable limitation of a person's physical activity, as well as a decrease in muscle contraction force. The prevalence of physical inactivity is increasingly increasing in connection with urbanization, mechanization and automation of labor.
According to experts, inactivity is a consequence of the liberation of people from physical labor. Very often, such a deviation is informally called the "disease of civilization."
What is dangerous?
Hypodynamia especially affects the cardiovascular system. Indeed, due to such a deviation, a person's working capacity decreases, the strength of the contractions of the heart weakens, and the tone of the vessels decreases. The detrimental effect also affects the exchange of energy and substances. Atherosclerosis and obesity can result from inactivity.
Other deviations
Speaking of hypokinesia, they almost always mean the state of the human body, which is accompanied by reduced motor activity. However, this medical term is often used to refer to diseases of internal organs. So, in patients quite often there is hypokinesia of the gallbladder. This deviation is characterized by delayed emptying of the presented organ. As a rule, such a disease leads to digestive disorders in children and adults. Moreover, if a person has a hereditary predisposition, then the disease can easily cause gallstone disease. To treat such a pathology, patients are advised to take choleretic drugs or decoctions of plant herbs that have the same healing properties.
Among other things, people may experience hypokinesia of the heart, esophagus, bile ducts, stomach, intestines, and so on.
Prevention
The main prevention of this deviation is the constant movement of a person, physical activity, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Patients who are predisposed to hypokinesia or physical inactivity are advised to give up smoking and other bad habits, since they can only aggravate the already difficult condition of the patient.
It should also be noted that a reasonable motor regime of a person must necessarily be combined with a balanced diet, regular walks and morning exercises.
Treatment
Hypokinesia and physical inactivity caused by any chronic or acute illness require a mandatory medical examination. After identifying the causes of such a deviation, doctors begin to eliminate it.
It should be noted that in the clinics of orthopedics and nervous diseases an effective comprehensive restoration of the human body after a period of inactivity is carried out. Typically, such procedures are attended by neurologists, orthopedists, nutritionists, massage therapists and physical therapy instructors. Individual lessons are held in combination with massage and physiotherapy, which helps to restore muscle tone. In addition, a separate nutrition program is provided for such patients, which helps to normalize body weight and stabilize the functions of internal organs. Developed motor stereotypes remain effective for a long time.