Impaired metabolism, improper daily routine and unbalanced nutrition can cause problems with the digestive system. Failures in the intestines, heartburn, pain in the abdomen - these are just some signs of problems in the body. Most often, they lead to cholecystitis and the formation of stones in the gallbladder. Diet in such situations is one of the main components of therapeutic therapy.
What is its essence? What foods should be excluded from the diet? How to make a menu based on restrictions? We will tell all this in our article.
The essence of the diet and its basic principles
With inflammation of the gallbladder or the presence of stones in it, the main principle of nutrition should be the maximum unloading of the digestive system. Coarse and fatty foods are completely excluded from the diet. However, this does not mean that now you have to starve.
What diet for gallstones is recommended by doctors? According to Pevzner's classification, this is table number 5. It should be noted right away that it has several varieties. There are also diets 5a and 5b. They have additional restrictions. They are prescribed depending on the type and severity of the disease.
The basis of dietary nutrition is taken to increase the daily intake of magnesium-containing foods. Patients are recommended frequent meals, but in small doses. Dishes should be consumed exclusively in the form of heat (at a temperature of about 25-60 degrees). Snacks should be arranged 6-8 times a day. This will help prevent stagnation of bile and improve peristalsis (bowel function).
So that food does not cause irritation of the walls of the stomach and intestines, it must be carefully grinded or ground. Since cholecystitis is often accompanied by constipation, fiber-enriched foods are introduced into the diet.
Basic nutritional recommendations for gallstone disease
Do you have gallstones? Diet should be aimed at ensuring the peace of the suffering organ. Its strict observance will stop the process of increasing the size of stones and accelerate the recovery of the body at the stage of remission.
During the disease, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules in food:
- maximum daily fat intake should not exceed 75-80 grams;
- the diet is fortified with foods high in magnesium;
- protein intake is limited to 90 grams;
- daily enrichment of the body with carbohydrates is observed at 350 grams;
- salt is used in a minimum amount (not more than 10 grams).
Patients are advised to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of fluid per day. At the same time, carbonated and alcoholic drinks are completely excluded. The calorie content of eaten meals (per day) should be in the range from 2400 to 2600 kcal.
The diet for cholecystitis of the gallbladder (stones often cause inflammation of the organ) has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.
Cholecystitis, or acute inflammation of the gallbladder: nutrition features
The presence of stones in the body can not be detected immediately. At the initial stage, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way. As a result, salt deposits increase in size and begin to cause severe pain and malaise.
In this condition, patients seek medical help and only after that they learn about their disease - stones in the gall bladder. Diet in the acute stage implies more significant limitations. At this stage, diet 5a is prescribed.
In the first few days, the patient is only recommended to drink. The diet consists of warm juices, decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs, weak teas. The volume of liquid drunk per day should not exceed three glasses. In this case, the dosage is carried out by tea, and then tablespoon.
After a couple of days, you can gradually introduce solid food.
What foods are allowed for diseases of the gallbladder
Confusion, sadness and a lot of questions are caused by the appointment of a diet for stones in the gallbladder. What can I eat? What should be excluded from nutrition? These questions concern every patient.
The menu during the illness period is compiled on the basis of the list of allowed foods. It includes:
- most vegetables;
- non-acidic berries and fruits;
- sticky cereals;
- low fat dairy products;
- low-fat fish species;
- dietary meats (rabbit, chicken, turkey);
- vegetable and butter;
- dried wheat or rye bread;
- pasta backfill (exclusively from durum wheat!).
It is recommended to give preference to barley, buckwheat, oat and millet porridge. In small quantities, you can use semolina boiled in diluted milk. Varied diet can be baked fruit. Natural juices and jelly are not prohibited.
List of foods prohibited by diet
If there are stones in the gallbladder, the diet is based on the exclusion from the diet of foods with a high cholesterol content. In addition, oxalic acid and preservatives are prohibited.
The complete list of products to be discarded also includes:
- confectionery;
- fresh pastry;
- sour fruits and juices from them;
- fat meat;
- highly concentrated broths;
- offal;
- sausages, sausages, smoked meats;
- fermentation products (beans, mushrooms, etc.);
- canned food;
- fast food dishes;
- cocoa beans (chocolate, cocoa).
Goose meat is completely excluded from the diet. Of the fish species, mackerel, halibut, salmon, trout, herring and sprat are prohibited. Chicken eggs are not included in the list of prohibited foods, however, there is a restriction on their use: no more than 1 piece per day.
It is better to eat dairy products only in the morning. 2 hours before bedtime, meals should be excluded.
Features of nutrition after surgery
The diet after removing stones from the gallbladder is compiled on the basis of the same table No. 5. Its essence is the restoration of metabolism and the function of bile excretion in the shortest possible time.
The hardest day is the first 24 hours after surgery. They have severe dietary restrictions. Within 4-5 hours after surgery, the patient regains consciousness, and his body regains its functions. During this period, eating is contraindicated. It is only allowed to slightly moisten the lips with water.
Until the end of the day, the patient can only rinse the oral cavity with a decoction of rose hips or chamomile (without sugar). On the second day, herbal infusions can be consumed inside. The maximum volume is 1 liter per day.
After three days, you can drink diluted compotes, low-fat kefir or yogurt. Not forbidden and weak tea without sugar. The daily rate of drinking fluid during this period is about 1.5 liters. A single volume should not exceed 150 ml.
After 3-5 days (depending on the condition of the patient), you can remove severe restrictions on food. The diet is expanding significantly, but does not go beyond the recommended table number 5.
Gallstones: diet before surgery and after removal of a diseased organ
Before the operation, the patient is contraindicated in food. Only drink in small quantities.
Immediately after surgery, a malfunction occurs in the human body. There is no "storage" for bile, therefore the digestive system is trying to adapt to new conditions. During this period, she needs complete peace.
When planning nutrition in the postoperative period, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that now bile enters directly into the intestine. This causes irritation and inflammation of its walls.
In order for the secret produced by the liver to be immediately spent and involved in the digestion process, you need to eat often and little by little. Do not forget that food should be sparing.
Diet when removing the gall bladder with stones (table number 5) should be the principle of nutrition for the rest of your life. If the body is overloaded with fatty foods, systematic problems with the intestines will be provided.
The postoperative period in this case passes as described above.
Making a diet menu 5
The appointment of medical nutrition is not a sentence. From the list of allowed products you can cook very tasty and unusual dishes.
All products are cooked in a double boiler, slow cooker or by boiling. You can also use the oven for these purposes. The main thing is to prevent crusting on products!
If you have gallstones, a diet (according to the table or examples from our article) will not cause you any difficulty in compiling your own diet. The menu can be made quite interesting and varied. Let's look at how.
Weekly Breakfast Options
Subject to the Pevzner diet, breakfast includes for the most part dairy products. The menu for the week may look something like this:
Monday: oatmeal porridge with milk, cottage cheese casserole, weak tea.
Tuesday: buckwheat porridge with added butter, steam carrot cutlets, natural apple juice.
Wednesday: 1 egg omelet, dried bread with cheese and butter, tea with milk.
Thursday: buckwheat or wheat porridge in milk, a boiled egg (or poached egg), weak tea or a decoction of rose hips.
Friday: pumpkin porridge, cheesecakes with fruit jam, juice.
Saturday: oatmeal, biscuit cookies, tea with the addition of milk.
Sunday: steam omelet, hard cheese (fresh type), tea with milk.
The intervals between meals should not be more than 3 hours. During this period, you need to make small snacks. Fresh or baked apples, dry cookies, sour-milk products are perfect for this purpose.
Approximate weekly lunch menu
In the menu for stones in the gallbladder (diet 5), the emphasis is on daytime meals. When compiling a diet for lunch, they use more high-calorie foods. You can select them from the table below.
Based on the chemical composition of the products, a lunch menu is formed. The weekly diet may be as follows:
Monday: pearl barley soup, low-fat meat patties, vegetable stew, stewed fruit.
Tuesday: vegetable soup, steamed meatballs, pasta with butter, jelly.
Wednesday: noodle soup, boiled cabbage rolls, compote.
Thursday: vegetarian cabbage soup, a piece of boiled chicken, apple and carrot salad, jelly.
Friday: vegetable soup with sour cream, vegetable casserole with chicken, dried fruit compote.
Saturday: soup with pasta, boiled potatoes with butter, baked rabbit meat, compote.
Sunday: vegetarian borsch, boiled rice, chicken, vegetable salad, tea with milk.
As you can see, the diet is very diverse. It can be supplemented with any dishes made from products included in the permit list.
Snack: ideas for a healthy evening snack
An afternoon snack is not a complete meal. Its purpose is to prevent the body from wasting and stimulate the process of food processing. For this, only one dish is enough.
For afternoon tea, you can cook cottage cheese casserole with jam, a salad of green peas and potatoes. An excellent snack will be a glass of natural juice with biscuit cookies, bran products or sweet crackers.
A good snack would be a glass of yogurt with oatmeal cookies. If during this period of time you do not feel hunger at all, it is enough to chew bread or eat a dried slice of bread with honey. Refusing food completely is not recommended!
Dinner list
A diet with stones in the gallbladder involves a lightened supper, since the body can not be loaded before bedtime. Please note that it is advisable to complete the last meal no later than 18:00.
The following meals may be included in the evening ration:
- boiled or baked fish;
- sour cream sauces;
- squash caviar;
- boiled potatoes, rice;
- mashed vegetables;
- baked pumpkin (in slices);
- pumpkin porridge;
- fish cakes;
- vegetable stew;
- tea with milk;
- meatballs from rabbit meat;
- pasta casserole with vegetables;
- beet and prune salad.
Please note that between breakfast and lunch, as well as after dinner, one more meal should be added. It can be just tea with crackers, or it can be a glass of juice or kefir.
To summarize
As you can see, the presence of stones in the gallbladder (diet, restricted nutrition, surgery) can significantly change your life. But this is not a reason to despair and prepare yourself for constant starvation.
Alternating various vegetable, meat and cereal dishes, you can make a very diverse diet. Various ways of processing products and adding allowed sauces will allow you to eat no less tasty than before.