"Sodium chloride buffus" is the trade name of a drug from the group of solvents and diluents containing sodium chloride as the active substance.
pharmachologic effect
Being, in fact, a plasma-substituting substance, "Sodium chloride buffus" has the following effects:
- Detoxification.
- Rehydrating action.
- Being a source of sodium ions, it compensates for their deficiency, which develops in some pathological conditions.
- Hypertonic solution of sodium chloride, used in the form of external applications, helps to remove pus from the inflammatory focus, and also has antibacterial activity.
- Intravenous use of a hypertonic solution leads to an increase in diuresis, and also helps to compensate for the lack of sodium and chlorine ions.
When isotonic solution is used
The use of "Sodium chloride buffus" 0.9% is advisable in the following cases:
- Conditions characterized by abundant loss of fluid or its insufficient intake in the body: diarrhea, indomitable vomiting, cholera, burns with a large area, accompanied by profuse exudation.
- Dysmetabolic disorders, accompanied by a lack of sodium and chlorine ions in the blood.
- Bowel obstruction.
- Intoxication of the body.
- Washing of wounds, including infected and festering.
- Washing the mucous membrane of the eyes with an infectious lesion or detection of a foreign body and nasal cavity in the treatment of a cold.
- Use for breeding concentrated pharmaceuticals.
- Application for the irrigation of dressings.
Indications for use of hypertonic solution
The drug is prescribed for such conditions:
- Bleeding of pulmonary localization.
- Bleeding with localization in the stomach or intestines.
- It can be used to force diuresis as an additional osmotic diuretic.
- Dehydration.
- Silver nitrate intoxication.
- Festering wounds (in this case, "Sodium chloride buffus" is used locally).
- Constipation (rectal administration indicated).
Contraindications
The instruction to "Sodium Chloride Bufus" contains indications of a number of conditions in which the use of this drug is unacceptable:
- Hypernatremia.
- Acidosis.
- Hyperchloremia.
- Hypokalemia.
- Excessive accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space.
- Hemodynamic disorders that can lead to swelling of the brain and lungs.
- Cerebral edema.
- Pulmonary edema.
- Acute failure of left ventricular function.
- The use of glucocorticoid hormones, especially in high dosages.
Side effects
Improper use or overdose can have the following symptoms:
- Acidosis ("acidification" of the internal environment of the body).
- Overhydration.
- Decreased blood potassium ions.
Application methods
"Sodium chloride buffus" can be used in the following ways:
- Intravenously, in a drop mode.
- Subcutaneously.
- Rectally.
- Outwardly, locally.
Before use, the isotonic solution should be heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees Celsius.
The dose in each case is determined individually, depending on the volume of dehydration, the degree of lack of sodium and chlorine ions. On average, about one liter of solution is administered per day. However, in case of severe intoxication, the volume of injected fluid can be increased to three liters per day. The rate of administration is usually 540 milliliters per hour, but if necessary, the rate can be increased.
In the case of a pronounced decrease in blood pressure in a child caused by dehydration, the introduction of 20-30 milliliters of isotonic solution for each kilogram of the child’s weight is indicated. This mode of administration is used until the end of diagnostic measures and determination of laboratory parameters. Next, the volumes of the injected solution are adjusted taking into account the laboratory parameters obtained during the examination. Long-term use of the drug is an indication for the systematic monitoring of the level of electrolytes in blood plasma and urine.
The hypertonic solution for intravenous administration has a 10 percent concentration.
For gastric lavage, a 2-5% solution is used.
In enemas, used to stimulate bowel movements with constipation, a 5% solution is used in an amount of 100 ml, or 0.9% in a volume of up to three liters per day.
As eye drops, it is recommended to use 1-2 drops in each eye.
For inhalation "Sodium chloride buffus" should be used for seven to ten days. As a rule, acute symptoms regress over this period of time. When carrying out inhalation, it is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:
- The temperature of the mixture for inhalation should not exceed 40 degrees.
- The procedure should be carried out between meals.
- Breathing should be calm, breathing in deep, between pauses and breathing out - small pauses.
- In the case of an inhalation procedure using a nebulizer for the treatment of cough, a combination of saline with drugs based on ambroxol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene) or acetylcysteine (Fluimucil) is advisable; with a tendency to bronchial obstruction, agents with bronchodilator effect have a beneficial effect (Berotek, Berodual); in some cases, the use of anti-inflammatory ("Budesonide") or antiseptic ("Miramistin", "Gentamicin") drugs is indicated.
Sodium chloride buffus is used infrequently for the nose, since in the vast majority of cases, washing of the nasal cavity with saline is sufficient.
If necessary, saline solution for inhalation at home can be replaced with saline or mineral water without gas.
In order to avoid side effects and complications, when preparing a mixture for inhalation, it is necessary to follow the instructions reflected in the instructions for the corresponding drugs.