Cefazolin sodium salt is a cephalosporin antibiotic that belongs to the first generation. It acts bactericidal, killing bacteria, due to its ability to inhibit the production of cell wall ingredients. The substance is very active against a large number of all sorts of pathogenic microorganisms.
Dosage form of cefazolin sodium salt release
This pharmaceutical substance is produced in the form of means for the preparation of solutions intended for intramuscular administration.
Cefazolin sodium salt is an active ingredient that has the form of a white powder.
How does the drug work?
The mechanism of action of cefazolin sodium salt is described in detail in the instructions.
The presented first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic is used in medicine for parenteral use. The drug acts bactericidal and disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall of microscopic pathogenic organisms. It has a very wide spectrum of effectiveness, as it easily copes with most gram-negative and gram-positive parasites.
Indications
The use of cefazolin sodium in medicine is due to the following conditions:
- Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary and biliary ducts.
- Pelvic diseases.
- Pathologies of the skin and soft tissue.
- The presence of diseases of bones and joints.
- The development of endocarditis, sepsis, peritonitis, otitis media, osteomyelitis, mastitis.
- In the presence of wound, burn and postoperative infections.
- In case of detection of syphilis, gonorrhea and other diseases that are caused by microscopic organisms sensitive to this substance.
- In the postoperative periods as part of the prevention of surgical infections.
Instructions and doses of injections
Cefazolin Sodium is used intramuscularly. The average daily dose for adults is 1 gram, and the frequency of administration is two times. The maximum volume is 6 grams (in rare cases, it reaches 12). The frequency of injections can be increased up to four times a day.
The average duration of treatment is from seven to ten days. As part of the prevention of postoperative infections, 1 gram is used half an hour before surgery, from 0.5 to 1 during surgery and 1 every six to eight hours during the day after completion. Patients who have impaired renal function will require a change in dosage regimen in accordance with the value of creatinine clearance.
As the instructions for cefazolin sodium salt indicate, the average daily dosage for children is from 20 to 50 milligrams per kilogram of weight. And in severe cases of the disease, the amount of the drug can increase to 100 milligrams. The frequency of administration is up to four times a day. In children with impaired renal function, a dosage regimen is also adjusted depending on the creatinine clearance values.
Preparation of a solution for intramuscular injection: 1 gram of the drug is diluted with 4 milliliters of water for injection. When diluted, the vials must be shaken vigorously until completely dissolved.
Side effects
When these occur, as a rule, patients experience hyperthermia along with a skin rash, hives, itching, bronchial spasms, eosinophilia, Quincke's edema, arthralgia, anaphylactic shock, malignant exudative and erythema multiforme. In addition, convulsions may occur, as well as the following reactions:
- Among patients with kidney diseases during therapy with large doses, a dysfunction of this organ is observed. In these cases, the dosage is reduced, and treatment is carried out under the control of the dynamics of the presence of urea nitrogen.
- The occurrence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Cholestatic jaundice with hepatitis rarely appears.
- The development of leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, or hemolytic anemia.
- The appearance of dysbiosis, superinfection caused by resistant strains to an antibiotic, candidiasis (including candidal stomatitis).
- An increase in the activity of transaminases along with hypercreatininemia, an increase in prothrombin time, and the like.
- The presence of pain at the injection site.
Contraindications
Among the prohibitions on the use of the described pharmaceutical substance are the following factors:
- The presence of sensitivity to drugs of the cephalosporin category (for example, to “Koaforan”, “Kefzol”, “Cephalexin”, “Cefamezin”, “Ketocef”, “Cephalotin”, “Cefamandolin” and others).
- Negative reaction to betalactam antibiotics (“Oxacillin” along with “Amoxiclav”, “Augmentin”, “Clavocin”, “Clavunat”, “Sulacillin” and others).
- Children under the age of one month.
- During pregnancy and lactation.
Drug interaction
The simultaneous administration of the pharmaceutical substance in question with anticoagulants and diuretics is not recommended. In the framework of the simultaneous use of "Cefazolin" with loop forms of such drugs, its tubular secretions are blocked. With aminoglycosides, the risk of developing kidney damage increases, since the pharmaceutically given substance is incompatible with them (since mutual inactivation occurs against the background of combined use). Drugs that block tubular secretion can increase the concentration of this component in the blood, slowing down its excretion and thereby increasing the risk of toxic reactions.
special instructions
Patients who had a history of allergic reactions to penicillins or carbapenems may experience increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. During therapy with the substance in question, it is possible to obtain a positive direct or indirect Coombs test, as well as false positive urine reactions to sugar, which must be taken into account.
In the case of the appointment of this drug in patients, an exacerbation of diseases of the digestive system, especially colitis, is possible. With great caution, it is used for kidney and liver failure, as well as for pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
It is also worth noting that when thawing, the solution remains stable for ten days when stored in a refrigerator (5 Âş) or forty-eight hours at room temperature.
Use in breastfeeding and pediatrics
If there is a need for the use of cefazolin sodium salt during lactation, breastfeeding is stopped. As for the safety of the use of this substance among premature babies and babies of the first year of life, one has not been established.
It is worth noting that this drug does not have any effect on the ability of people to drive a vehicle or dangerous mechanisms.
What else does the instruction for the use of sodium salt of cefazolin for injections tell us?
Overdose
An overdose of this drug usually occurs if it accumulates among patients with impaired renal function. Symptoms in this case are expressed in the form of neurotoxic phenomena, convulsive readiness, clonic-tonic seizures, vomiting or tachycardia. At the same time, treatment is symptomatic, since there is no antidote. In case of severe overdoses and against the background of the general inefficiency of conservative therapy, the concentration of the described drug in the blood can be reduced by hemodialysis.
Storage conditions for the medication
It is necessary to store the medicine in a dry and at the same time protected from light room at a temperature of no more than twenty degrees. It should be kept away from children. And its shelf life is two years. At the end of the specified period, this medication should not be used in any case. In pharmacies, it is sold exclusively according to the provided prescription. Next, we find out what means can replace this therapeutic substance. In the instructions for cefazolin sodium salt they are not indicated.
Analogs
The presented pharmaceutical substance has some substitutes that can be used as an alternative. Among the main ones, it is worth mentioning the Reflin preparations along with Cesolin, Cefazex and Cefazalin.
Latin recipe for cefazolin sodium salt
In Latin, the described drug substance is usually indicated as follows:
Rp .: Cefazolini-natrii 0.5.
Dtd N.6.
The contents of one bottle are diluted in 2 milliliters of water for injection. According to the classical pattern of use, the medicine is administered intramuscularly twice a day.
Reviews on this drug
In the comments on this medication, it is reported that this antibiotic is usually used for bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and urinary ducts, as well as in case of diseases of the pelvic organs. People write that the remedy is effective, but the treatment is accompanied by soreness at the injection site.
We reviewed the instructions for use with cefazolin sodium salt.