Dislocation is a violation of the correct position of the bone articular surface. Such a pathology can be with a complete displacement of the joint or with partial. Congenital dislocations are rare. But they, as a rule, remain with a person for life. It is very important to contact a qualified specialist in time for this type of injury. Otherwise, there is a risk of severe consequences.
Which are there?
The following dislocations are diagnosed:
- incomplete dislocation;
- complete dislocation;
- chronic dislocation;
- interstitial dislocation;
- fresh dislocation.
The most common dislocations experienced by traumatologists are shoulder dislocations. According to statistics, 60% of patients seek help with a humerus injury.
Also in medicine, there is a classification of dislocations in the direction of the displaced joint. For example:
- front dislocation;
- rear;
- central dislocation;
- rear.
Complications and symptoms of dislocation
Dislocation is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the joint capsule. It often happens that the nearby ligaments and nerve fibers are affected. The only exception among this type of injury is a dislocation of the lower jaw. When this part of the skeleton is damaged, the capsule does not collapse, but lends itself to stretching.
A serious dislocation can cause a complication in the form of a fracture inside the displaced joint. It is very important to diagnose this problem in time, so that the specialist can choose the right tactics for further treatment. The first symptoms of dislocation, namely:
- pain when moving a limb or other injured bone;
- mild swelling of the articular region;
- blue area of the injured joint.
You should immediately seek help from a traumatologist. Since the muscles that surround the joint tend to quickly tone up, and with each lost day, the violation will be more difficult to correct. To make sure the diagnosis of "dislocation" is correct, it is necessary to undergo a radiology. This procedure will give an exact answer to the question: is it a dislocation or maybe a sprain.
Therapies
How to treat dislocation step by step:
- visit to the X-ray room to take a picture;
- taking muscle relaxants to help relax the muscles around the injured joint;
- return to the place of the injured joint by the doctor;
- fixation of an injured limb for a period of 7 to 25 days.
After the fixing material is removed, the patient is prescribed treatment that aims to restore joint tissue. Often these are massages and physiotherapeutic procedures.
The classification of dislocations does not end there. Similar injuries are also called depending on the affected bone. For example, dislocation of the shoulder. This type of violation can be triggered by mechanical action on the arm during abduction.
Dislocations of the humerus
Shoulder injury is one of the most common among dislocations. The humerus is often amenable to physical stress and mechanical force.
Shoulder dislocation - classification:
- congenital shoulder dislocation;
- acquired shoulder dislocation.
For the injured shoulder, the tension of the humerus and its slight abduction are characteristic. Often, dislocation of the shoulder leads to deformation of the joint tissue. Untimely access to a doctor may be fraught with improper fusion of a damaged limb.
Acquired shoulder dislocations (classification):
- arbitrary;
- chronic;
- dislocation with complications;
- dislocation without complications.
Sharp pain in the shoulder may indicate a complete dislocation and the exit of the articular base from the cell. The most susceptible to injury to the shoulder joint are people who lead an active lifestyle, including athletes. Both professionals and amateurs.
You can determine the dislocation of the shoulder by the sensations of sharp pain in the area of trauma and inactivity of the limb. If you raise a sick arm healthy - there is a slight relief. Also, the surface of the injured limb swells and may have a bluish tint.
Lower jaw injury
Classification of dislocations of the lower jaw:
Such an injury is characterized by the head going beyond the cell in which it is attached. It shifts upward and remains on the surface of the articular tubercle.
The causes of dislocation of the lower jaw include previously suffered injuries, inflammatory processes in the joints of the lower jaw and congenital defects in the development of the lower jaw. Diagnosing this kind of defect is easy. A person with a dislocation of the lower jaw cannot close his mouth, cannot speak clearly and does not control the release of saliva in the oral cavity. With the slightest movement in the lower jaw, sharp and sharp pain is felt.
Treatment of dislocation of the jaw consists in setting it in place and fixing it with a special tire for a period of about 20 days. Also, the patient is set limiters that control the movement of the lower jaw when opening the mouth. They can be removable and non-removable. Subject to all the recommendations of a specialist, the tire is removed after 20 days, and a person gradually begins to lead a familiar lifestyle.
Classification of clavicle injuries and their symptoms
With a dislocation of the collarbone, every 15th patient turns to traumatologists, that is, this is not one of those that are often found. Disorders in the joints of the clavicle can be obtained due to trauma, both direct and indirect. The clavicular joint is responsible for the correct position of the limb and ensures its proper functioning. This suggests that if you injure this part of the limb - the hand will lose its performance.
The classification of clavicle dislocations depends on the degree of:
- The first degree is characterized only by extension of the joint capsule.
- In the second degree, the joint is destroyed, which provokes a slight displacement of the clavicle.
- The third degree is the most difficult. In this case, the joint capsule and all its connecting parts are destroyed: muscles, nerve fibers. In severe cases, a fracture of the clavicle occurs.
With a dislocation of the clavicle of the first degree, a person feels a slight pain. Usually it becomes more intense when moving a limb. The area of the clavicular joint is characterized by swelling. The second degree gives stronger pain. They are amplified by rotating hand movements. The last degree of dislocation of the clavicle causes very severe pain and limits not only the movement of the limb, but also does not allow you to freely turn your head.
Dislocation of the femur
Hip dislocation is one of the most severe injuries that is often received due to strong mechanical stress. Most often, such an injury occurs in car accidents or when falling from a great height. Elderly people can often get a hip fracture.
What are hip dislocations? Classification:
- front dislocation;
- back dislocation;
Each of these species is characterized by a limb position. For example, with a posterior dislocation, the limb is directed inward, and the front one is accompanied by the abduction of the leg forward. Identifying an injury is a fairly simple task for a qualified person.
However, to determine the type of injury, the patient must undergo an X-ray examination. Then the doctor will get acquainted with the picture and make a conclusion. After this, the patient should be given an anesthetic and a muscle relaxant. Only after this, the specialist will proceed to the bone reduction.
Then a splint is applied to fix the limb, and the patient should not walk for 3 weeks, even with crutches. After 20 days of rest, the patient is allowed to walk with crutches. After another 2 weeks, you can begin to get up on your foot.
Joint dislocation: what happens?
Any pathology in medicine has a classification. Joint dislocation is no exception. It is classified according to the type of the injured joint, the direction of displacement of the joint tissue and the name of the displaced bone. So, the classification of joint dislocations:
- Partial and complete. Partial dislocation is sometimes called a subluxation. It is characterized by a slight displacement of the joint. With a complete dislocation, the joint completely leaves the cell.
- Acquired and congenital. The first happens with mechanical action on the bone. The second often the baby receives at birth, when it passes the birth canal.
- Closed, open. If the injury does not have open wounds, it is diagnosed as a closed dislocation. If the surface of the limb is damaged - this, of course, is an open dislocation, which requires immediate qualified help.
- There are also pathological dislocations. They usually cause paralysis of the muscles that surround the damaged joint.
Correctly diagnosing the violation is the key to further successful treatment of injury. Therefore, with such a problem it is better to seek help from doctors and in no case do self-medication.
The concept and classification of fractures and dislocations: symptoms
A turning point in professional medicine is a violation of the integrity of the bone, which occurs as a result of exposure to strong physical strength. Fractures are divided into such types as:
- Closed fracture. It is characterized by a violation of only the integrity of the bone, but does not hurt the surrounding tissue, including does not damage the skin. In turn, a closed fracture can be numerous (when not one bone or one breaks, but in several places) and single (one bone fracture in one place).
- An open fracture is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the skin and rupture of the surrounding soft tissues. However, there are situations when the fracture occurs inside, and then, after some time, the skin breaks. In this case, the injury is already being diagnosed as an open fracture.
Fractures and dislocations: first aid
Many, faced with a situation when a person is injured, and knowledge in the provision of emergency care - zero, just pass by. Therefore, you need to be familiar with the basic ways of providing first aid to the victim before the arrival of emergency care.
The concept and classification of dislocations and fractures will determine the type of injury. For example, when a limb is fractured, the first thing to do is fix it. To do this, you can take any stick, rail, board or any other object that will help fix the limb in one position. It is necessary to attach the object to the leg (if it is broken) and wrap it in a circular motion with a piece of cloth or bandage. Then wait for the ambulance to arrive.
If the arm is broken, you need to fix it on the victim’s neck with a scarf, scarf or bandage. If a person is likely to have broken a vertebra, he cannot be moved. Better wait for the ambulance to arrive. Otherwise, you can do even more harm and aggravate the injury. If there is no way to provide first aid on your own, and it takes a long time for the doctors to arrive, you can turn to passers-by or at the nearest medical center for help.
Symptoms of Fractures
The main signs of fractures include:
- swelling of soft tissues at the site of injury;
- severe pain in the area of the alleged fracture;
- if a limb is damaged - it is difficult to move it;
- on palpation (it is undesirable to do it yourself), bone fragments are felt;
- the presence of a hematoma on the affected limb or other part of the body;
Now you know the approximate classification of dislocations and fractures.
Tooth dislocations
The concept and classification of dislocations has many definitions, among which there are dislocations of teeth. They are usually found as a result of strong mechanical impact on the tooth. With such an injury, tooth displacement occurs. In addition, periodontal disease is often damaged.
According to the classification, tooth dislocations are:
Such injuries are treated, like other types of dislocations. First, an x-ray is taken, then a visit, in this case, to the dentist. Then tooth restoration. If a dislocation is knocked-in, the tooth often in time falls into place on its own.
Causes of tooth dislocation
The root causes of such an injury experts include:
- Poor dentistry. Most often, the removal of molar teeth.
- Trying to bite something solid. For example, bite a walnut with your teeth, open a bottle with a metal cap.
- A strong lateral blow to the jaw can also provoke a tooth dislocation.
If the impact on the tooth was so strong that the root is damaged, then most likely this tooth will have to be removed.
Symptoms of tooth dislocation
Tooth dislocation can be recognized by its staggering and pain with minimal contact with the tongue. It happens that the soreness of a damaged tooth is so strong that a person cannot eat at all. The gum near the injured tooth swells and bleeds.
Also, dislocation can be determined by the position in which the person becomes easier. If the tooth does not hurt when the mouth is open, and when the mouth is closed, sharp pain is felt, then 99% out of 100 that this is a tooth dislocation. After all, when closing the mouth, the neighboring ones press on the injured tooth. This can provoke severe pain.
With this type of injury, the patient is prescribed a liquid diet in order to protect the damaged tooth from stress as much as possible. After two weeks, a person can gradually begin to eat mashed foods, liquid cereals and mashed soups.