As a result of lengthy research, scientists have created several classifications of hypertension , depending on the criteria of the approach.
The appearance of the patient
German doctor Folgard in the works of 1913-1920. subdivided the disease into the following types of hypertension:
- red hypertension is manifested by redness of the face, spots, which indicates the expansion of capillaries;
- pale causes spasm of capillaries, the skin turns pale and becomes cold. The same applies to limbs.
By origin
Types of hypertension depending on origin:
- primary (otherwise essential, idiopathic) hypertension;
- symptomatic increase in blood pressure.
The cause of the primary species has not yet been fully elucidated. Most likely, various factors influence: diseases of the pituitary gland, adrenal cortex, changes in the walls of blood vessels and others.
An increase in pressure often causes kidney disease. Renal hypertension is usually accompanied by left ventricular hypertrophy and is difficult to treat.
Symptomatic or secondary hypertension is detected in only 10% of patients. The cause of such an increase in pressure is the existing chronic illness or medication that can affect the pressure.
Types of hypertension by the nature of the course
Dr. G.F. Lang in the late 30s identified the following types of disease:
- slowly progressing or “benign” hypertension;
- rapidly progressing or “malignant” hypertension.
With slow progression, there are 3 stages of the disease, which are divided according to the stability indicators of increased pressure, as well as the severity of pathological processes in target organs.
Malignant hypertension begins in young, and sometimes in childhood, is severe and endocrine in nature.
By pressure
In most European countries, these types of hypertension are classified that are used in the diagnosis of the disease:
- “Mild” hypertension - low (up to 140 mm Hg), a short increase in blood pressure, which does not require drug therapy;
- “Moderate” hypertension refers to stage 1-2 of the development of a “benign” form, pressure not more than 180/110;
- The “severe” form is “malignant” or in the third stage, proceeds with severe complications and is poorly corrected by drugs.
By degree of defeat
The patient’s condition is judged not by blood pressure, but by the state of organs in which blood supply is impaired.
Types of hypertension according to the stages of the disease:
- The first stage is accompanied by small rises in blood pressure in the range of systolic 140-160, while diastolic pressure is in the range of 95-100 mm Hg. It has a short-term nature, accompanied by mild headaches, sleep disturbance, decreased mental performance. Target organs are not damaged at this stage.
- The second stage is accompanied by a more stable high pressure, which is increased even at rest and is 160-180 systolic, and 100-110 - indicators of diastolic pressure. It is characterized by the following clinical signs of organ damage: left ventricular hypertrophy, narrowing of the arteries, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, and kidney damage.
- The third stage of blood pressure is a pressure level of 220-230 / 115-130. Organ damage: angina pectoris, heart attack, heart failure; stratification of the walls of the vascular aorta, blockage of arteries; renal failure; circulatory disturbance in the brain, stroke; fundus hemorrhage .
Insulated form
Isolated systolic hypertension is manifested by an increase in systolic pressure while maintaining diastolic within normal limits. This type of hypertension is observed in a third of elderly patients. The main reason for the development of this condition is the poor elasticity of large vessels. The disease can cause myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.