Prediabetes - symptoms of impaired glucose uptake, in which a person is not a diabetic, but is not among the healthy. From a physiological point of view, pancreatic dysfunction begins at this stage . Insulin is produced, only to a much lesser extent than necessary.
Diagnostic Methods
Prediabetes is characterized by slightly elevated sugar levels after eating. Glucose load requires an increase in insulin production, and a violation of the pancreas does not allow to synthesize the necessary level of the hormone. There are 2 ways to suggest the development of prediabetes using laboratory tests.
The first is based on the patient taking a special solution that contains 75 g of pure glucose. After a few hours, blood sugar should be no more than 7.8 mmol / L. If the level is determined within the limits of 7.8–11 mmol / l, there is a pre-diabetes. The second way to detect the disease is to measure glycated hemoglobin in a few months. The percentage level will range from 5.5–6.1%, which is an intermediate result between healthy people and diabetics.
Risk factors
Diabetes occurs for various reasons, it is important to pay attention to the warning signs in time. High risks of prediabetes in people:
- over 45 years old;
- overweight;
- with a genetic predisposition;
- with low physical activity;
- with gestational diabetes in pregnant women;
- close kinship with the Americans, Indians, and peoples of the Pacific Islands.
What to do for those who meet the above criteria? It is necessary to pay attention to other complaints and consult a doctor. The disease is easily treated with medication, a healthy diet and an active lifestyle.
Prediabetes: Symptoms
There are many signs of diabetes that are known in the community. Among them, complaints of constant thirst, skin itching, and frequent urination are most often identified. Less specific are symptoms such as:
- insomnia;
- visual impairment;
- disorders of the heart and blood vessels;
- weight loss;
- cramps, fever;
- pain in the head and limbs.
The most important and direct symptom is high blood sugar. In a condition preceding type II diabetes, laboratory test results range from 5.5 to 6.9 mmol / L.
Treatment
What to do when inevitably approaching is not the most pleasant diagnosis - prediabetes? Symptoms are already making themselves felt, the examination confirmed the fears. First you need to calm down, you can cope with prediabetes. Complex treatment is prescribed. In addition to medications that the endocrinologist recommends taking, be sure to follow a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary:
- stick to a diet (No. 8 or No. 9);
- increase physical activity;
- get rid of bad habits;
- to direct all efforts to fight overweight.
One of the key elements of treatment is proper nutrition. Healthy foods can restore the pancreas and reduce the risk of complications of prediabetes. Only an active life position will help get rid of unpleasant symptoms and restore health.
Diet for prediabetes №8
Intended for the category of people struggling with excess weight, because of which prediabetes developed. Symptoms of the disease will reduce the intensity of manifestation with proper nutritional adjustment. The treatment table involves limiting the intake of carbohydrates and fats. The diet is based on low-calorie foods rich in vitamins and enzymes that help speed up the metabolism.
Feature diet table number 8| Name | Daily dose |
| Calories | 1500-1600 kcal |
| Squirrels | 70–80 g |
| Fats | up to 70 g |
| Carbohydrates | up to 150 g |
| Water | 1.5 l |
| Salt | 3-4 mg |
| IN 1 | 1.1 mg |
| IN 2 | 2.2 mg |
| Vitamin A | 0.4 mg |
| Vitamin C | 150 mg |
| Vitamin PP | 17 mg |
| Potassium | 3.9 mg |
| Sodium | 3 mg |
| Calcium | 1 mg |
| Iron | 35 mg |
| Phosphorus | 1.6 mg |
It is not recommended to eat fatty meat or fish broths, spicy, fried, smoked products, pastries from butter dough.
Allowed by diet No. 8 products
The daily diet can include:
- rye or wholemeal bread;
- some milk and dairy products;
- skim cheese;
- boiled diet meats and fish;
- low-fat soups on vegetable broth;
- buckwheat, pearl barley;
- vegetables, fruits with a low content of natural sugar;
- salted products.
It is recommended to drink about 1.5–2 liters of water in addition to other fluids consumed during the day.
Example menu for prediabetes №8
Focus on a similar diet:
- Breakfast - egg, vegetable salad in vegetable oil, bread with butter.
- Lunch - boiled dietary meat (chicken, rabbit, beef), buckwheat, fresh vegetables or fruits.
- Snack - soup on vegetable broth, sauerkraut, a little fried meat, fruit, bread.
- Dinner - boiled low-fat fish, vegetable pudding, bread.
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.
Meals are calculated with an interval of 3-4 hours, the last (p. 5) - before bedtime.
Diet table number 9
Pevzner's diet is designed specifically for diabetics and allergy sufferers. It is less strict than menu number 8, because it does not aim to reduce the weight of the patient. Establishing carbohydrate and fat metabolism, the 9th dietary table improves the condition of patients with prediabetes and type II diabetes. Decreasing glucose load is an important element of treatment. The menu contains a sufficient number of approved products. If desired, you can make a tasty and healthy diet.
Description of treatment table No. 9| Name | Daily rate |
| Calories | 2200-2400 g |
| Squirrels | 85–90 g |
| Fats | up to 80 g |
| Carbohydrates | 300-500 g |
| Water | 2 l |
| Salt | 6–8 g |
| IN 1 | 1.5 mg |
| IN 2 | 2.2 mg |
| Vitamin A | 0.4 mg |
| Vitamin C | 100 mg |
| Vitamin PP | 18 mg |
| Potassium | 3.9 mg |
| Sodium | 3.7 mg |
| Calcium | 0.8 mg |
| Iron | 15 mg |
| Phosphorus | 1.3 mg |
It is recommended to drink about 2 liters of mineral or purified water per day, excluding the use of other liquids. Meals should be frequent, but not too satisfying: overeating is dangerous. The best way to satisfy a hunger strike is to eat a raw fruit or vegetable.
Allowed and Prohibited Products
How to cure prediabetes effectively? What to do with products, which to exclude, how to cook? Understand any questions that arise. The most unloved and difficult, of course, deny yourself the usual diet. First of all, it is necessary to exclude:
- baking, wheat flour products;
- sugar and foods high in sugar;
- sausage, semi-finished meat;
- margarine, butter, animal fats;
- products with harmful additives;
- fast food;
- fatty, spicy, salty foods.
Allowed to eat a large number of available and useful products:
- fresh and boiled vegetables (limit potatoes);
- greens;
- fruits and berries (preferably sour);
- low-calorie dairy products;
- bran and dark bread;
- diet meat and fish.
You should know that before cooking the soup, you need to soak it for at least 2 hours with a periodic change of water and cut into small pieces.
Example diet menu number 9
The day is divided into 3 meals of the same portion and 3 snacks. A fixed time interval between meals will help you quickly adapt to the new schedule. Remember that it is the diet for prediabetes that gives the best results. A detailed menu will allow you to understand how the proper medical nutrition should be organized .
Option number 1
- breakfast - squash pancakes, sour cream 10-15%, tea;
- lunch - vegetable broth soup, bread, mashed vegetables;
- dinner - chicken cutlet from the oven, cottage cheese casserole, tomato.
Option number 2
- breakfast - millet porridge from millet, chicory;
- lunch - soup with meatballs, barley porridge, cabbage salad;
- dinner - stewed cabbage, boiled fish, bread.
Option number 3
- breakfast - porridge from buckwheat, cocoa;
- lunch - pumpkin soup puree, 2 boiled eggs, bread, fresh cucumber;
- dinner - zucchini baked with minced meat and vegetables.
As a snack you can use:
- a glass of milk or dairy products;
- fruit salad with natural yogurt;
- salads from vegetables (raw and boiled) and mashed potatoes;
- cottage cheese;
- special products for diabetics (cookies, candy bars).
The menu is based on the general principles of healthy eating and does not exclude important foods. A huge number of dishes are available from the permitted ingredients. It is recommended to use a double boiler, slow cooker, oven in order to maximize the useful properties of the products and reduce the burden on digestion. A variety of cooking methods will make the diet table completely invisible in its limitations.