The heart in adults makes about 100 thousand contractions per day. If the organ is healthy, then the contractions are regular and uniform. However, sometimes situations arise in which a person begins to feel an irregular heartbeat: slow or fast. This behavior of the heart is usually attributed to cardiac pathologies. At the same time, one of them is associated with the so-called electrical signals, with the help of which the body autonomously contracts, even if there are no nerve fibers that are adjacent to the heart. Blockade of the left ventricle of the heart - what is it? A disease or condition in which conduction or rhythm is impaired? Read more about this in our article.
Blockade of the left ventricle of the heart
What it is? The most important organ in the human body works with the help of electric current. As for the blockade, the so-called obstacle that stands on the pathways of the body, and also prevents the impulse from passing through them. In this state, the pulses slow down or do not pass at all. Speaking about what it is - blockages of the left ventricle of the heart, it should be noted that they are located on a variety of sections of the pathway.
It should also be noted that the blockades that are localized on the left leg are called the blockade of the left leg of the bundle of His. This obstacle may not form on the leg itself, but on its branch.
Regardless of the type of blockade, such a pathology threatens the body with an irregular heart rhythm, in which the impulse randomly slows down or does not arrive. The sinus node, which is located at the top of the organ, is the main conductor of the heart rhythm. It is there that direct electric currents are produced, and from there they enter the atrioventricular node, which is a certain current distributor. After this, the current penetrates into the branches of the ventricles and departments of the heart.
If there are no pathologies, then the blood should enter the atrium, and then exit into the ventricle. In case of rhythm and conduction disturbance this will not happen. Violation of the conductive ability of the body - atrial fibrillation.
A blockade condition develops due to chaotic contractions of the atrium, which delay the flow of irregular electrical impulses.
So, we have figured out what it is - a blockade of the left ventricle of the heart. And now it is worthwhile to examine in more detail the risk of developing this pathology.
The risks
It should be noted that the older the patient, the higher his risk of arrhythmic heart function and blockade. Fibrillation can be triggered by other diseases of the organ, but it can also be congenital. As a result of impaired impulse, a stroke or heart attack occurs. Such complications do not appear in every patient who suffers from an ailment. If you are regularly observed by a cardiologist, then preventive diagnostics will help to avoid dangerous and unpleasant consequences for life.
Varieties
The ventricle of the heart is one of the most important chambers of this organ, it is here that the so-called large circle of blood circulation begins. The left organ cavity is responsible for the continuous release of blood. Unlike the right ventricle, the left has more developed muscles and a pronounced elongated shape. An impulse that does not enter or arrives with violations in the left ventricle provokes an incomplete and complete blockade of the left ventricle of the heart.
Full
Complete blockade is a difficult and dangerous condition during which the signal does not come from the atrium. Abbreviations exist, but they occur in their own rhythm, independently of each other. The entire ventricular complex as a result of this receives an impulse from its own region of the conducting system - the bundle of His. Blockade of the heart of the left ventricle can be recognized by certain signs. When they appear, it is worthwhile to undergo an examination. What is expressed the complete blockade of the left ventricle of the heart? Symptoms will be as follows:
- Chest pains.
- Hypoxia
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Vertigo.
- Flashing flies.
- Bradycardia
- Hyperhidrosis.
- Tachycardia.
If suddenly a complete left block occurs, then this will affect the work of the lungs, which will provoke swelling of the respiratory apparatus. The formation of cyanosis on the lips and integument, asphyxiation, and also a foamy cough will be a signal of this. The pathological process in the left part of the organ can provoke sudden death.
Incomplete
But what is an incomplete blockade of the left ventricle of the heart? This pathology is associated with impaired penetration of electrical signals directly from the atrioventricular node, controlled by the synchronization of the pumps of the atrium. The heartbeat is controlled in a specific way: normal impulses, starting from the walls of the organ, penetrate from the atria through the synchronization node directly to the ventricles. In the event of a malfunction, these signals from the atrium will be given to the ventricle with impaired pulse mechanism in the area of the bundle of His, the left leg.
A ventricular blockade of the heart of this species can occur at absolutely any age and will not be considered a disease. As a rule, she is assigned the first or second degree. Symptoms of incomplete blockade of the left ventricle of the heart of 1 degree or 2 degrees may be completely absent. The existing pathology can only be indicated by some signs, for example, interruptions in the pulse, drowsiness and weakness, dizziness, as well as mild malaise.
The blockade is able to reduce the heart rate to 25-45 beats. At the same time, there is a high probability of hypoxia due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen that enters the tissues of the body. Such oxygen starvation manifests itself in the form of shortness of breath. This situation threatens a person with heart failure.
The treatment of blockade of the left ventricle of the heart of an incomplete type is carried out after a thorough cardiodiagnosis, as well as with subsequent monitoring by a specialist. Partial blockades can become dangerous when the prognosis is about survival and disability.
Diagnostics
Before treating a blockade of the left ventricle of the heart, it is imperative to carry out a diagnosis. This pathology is viewed with the help of an electrocardiogram. Today this method is the most informative, it is able to detect all types of pathology. In the case of the first degree of blockade, atrial-ventricular retardation, which is associated with the movement of the impulse to the ventricle from the sinus node, is usually noticed on the electrocardiogram. This can be seen by the elongated interval.
In the event that more significant changes in the form of impaired impulse that does not reach the ventricle are noticeable on the cardiogram, it is customary to call anrioventicular block of the second degree.
On the electrocardiogram, the presence of blockade is very clearly visible. During the diagnosis, you need to identify the cause of this violation, and then proceed to the appropriate treatment procedures.
The formation of frequent blockades can also be a congenital disorder, therefore, these phenomena can be diagnosed in a child during examination shortly after he is born. This condition in the field of medicine is not dangerous for the baby’s health and has practically no effect on the quality and standard of living of the child. If an incomplete blockade is detected, special measures and actions for treatment will not be required. Complete blockade is very dangerous for the patient’s life and can cause a situation that even leads to death.
During contraction, the left ventricle throws a portion of blood into the circulatory system. The aorta in the body is considered the largest artery. In the event of a complete blockage of the ventricle, heart attacks, aortic defect, heart failure and some other life-threatening disorders and disorders can develop.
Treatment features
By complete blockage of the ventricle is meant the blockade of the so-called atrioventricular connection. Such a blockade, as a rule, can be of three degrees. Drugs that are used in the treatment of ventricular blockade of the heart are called antiarrhythmic drugs in medicine. These medications are divided into several groups. Let's consider them separately.
First grade
The first class of medications includes those medicines whose action is aimed at blocking the function of sodium channels. This class 1A includes drugs such as Novocainamide, Quinidine, Rhythmylene, as well as their analogues.
The class of drugs 1B has a lidocaine-like effect. This class of drugs includes drugs such as Diphenin, Lidocaine, as well as similar drugs.
The class of drugs 1C causes a sharp blockage of sodium channels. These drugs include: Encainide, Rhythmorm, Giluritmal, as well as the like.
Second class
The second class of antiarrhythmic medications is complexes that act as beta blockers. Medications of this class include: Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Propranolol, Nadolol, Atenolol.
Third class
Medications of the third class include medications, the main task of which is to block potassium channels. The following drugs are classified as medical drugs of this class: "Nibentan", "Sotalol", "Amiodarone", as well as their analogues.
Fourth grade
The fourth class of drugs in its composition includes funds that are sent to suppress the conductive cardiac system. This group of medications includes the following: Verapamil, Diltiazem, as well as medicines that have a similar effect on the body.
It should be noted that all of the above medications can save the patient from blockade or reduce its effect on the patient's cardiovascular system. And sometimes the use of a particular drug during the treatment of a major ailment can provoke this type of organ dysfunction.
Mitigation
Atrial fibrillation is a condition that can catch suddenly. You can relieve an attack of such an arrhythmia before the appearance of a doctor yourself:
- Take a deep breath with a short breath hold. There should be a feeling of air moving inward.
- Put 2 fingers on the neck. Try to feel for the pulsating artery, fingers resting on the lower jaw.
- Detect the pulse, gently massage the carotid artery.
- For tachycardia, apply pressure on the eyeballs with your fingers. Position 2 fingers on closed eyelids, apply moderate pressure with a certain rhythm.
- If necessary, use immersion in cold water. This will require ice water, where you need to immerse your face for 1-2 seconds. Reflexively this action slows the heart rate.
Conclusion
Now you know a little about the causes and symptoms of blockade of the left ventricle of the heart, what it is and how to treat the disease. Therapy of ventricular blockade and the underlying disease, which contributed to the formation of blockade, should be prescribed by a qualified specialist after appropriate diagnosis. The attending physician also selects medications to conduct a course of therapy in accordance with these studies and the individual characteristics of the patient's body.
We looked at how to treat left ventricular blockade. Restoring a healthy lifestyle and daily routine also plays an important role in the treatment of left ventricular blockage. In addition, a very good effect will have a normalization of blood fats, lowering cholesterol.