According to the instructions for use, Amikacin for children and adults is recommended if necessary to combat pathological microflora sensitive to amikacin sulfate. The drug belongs to the class of semi-synthetic, has an antibacterial and bactericidal effect. The medication belongs to the group of aminoglycosides, is classified as a representative of the third generation of these drugs.
general information
In the instructions for use of Amikacin (500 mg or 250 mg), the manufacturer indicates the breadth of the spectrum of activity of the drug. Clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of the drug in relation to salmonella, entero, strepto, staphylococci. The drug is prescribed for infection with Klebsiella and various types of harmful sticks: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intestinal. Amikacin is effective against shigella, serration, pseudomonas. It is recommended to use this medication if other antibacterial compositions of a similar group have shown inefficiency.
In the instructions for use of "Amikacin", the manufacturer specifies: the agent has an antituberculous effect, a bacteriostatic effect. The medication has a bactericidal effect. It is reasonable to use the drug for pulmonary inflammation, bronchitis and an abscess in the respiratory system, for blood poisoning, and inflammatory processes in the heart membranes. "Amikacin" is indicated for prostatitis, inflammation in the abdominal cavity, inner ear, and kidney tissue. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of gonorrhea, suppuration of the skin, soft tissues, infection of bone, articular tissue. Amikacin is used as a prophylactic if surgery has been postponed.
Performance Nuances
The manufacturer draws attention: following the instructions for use, Amikacin injections can be combined with benzylpenicillin injections. This allows you to achieve a more pronounced effect of both drugs. A similar therapeutic course is prescribed if the disease is very difficult, has a bacterial nature, and is difficult to treat.
It is most reasonable and justified to prescribe a similar combination of medications if the disease is provoked by fecal enterococcus.
Release Forms
There is no instruction for use with Amikacin tablets: the drug is not available in this form. No aerosols, syrups, suspensions. This is due to the nuances of the pharmacological kinetics of the active compound: the substance is practically not absorbed when passing through the digestive tract. Pharmacies present powders and ready-made solutions that are injected into a vein and muscle tissue. Rules of procedure are necessarily described in the annotation accompanying the release. Observing them is very important - this minimizes the likelihood of negative consequences of the course.
As can be seen from the instructions for use, Amikacin can be poured into a vein. The duration of the event is two minutes or more. The infusion is carried out at a rate of 1 drop per minute and slower. The duration of the procedure is from 30 minutes to 90. The dosage is calculated based on the diagnosis, age, weight of the patient, individual characteristics of the body. For older people, the administration is repeated every eight hours. Amikacin can be used to treat infants.
Is there an alternative? Analogs
Instructions for use "Amikacin" clarifies: the active component that ensures the effectiveness of the drug belongs to the class of aminoglycosides. If it is impossible to purchase the funds prescribed by the doctor, it is necessary to consult a specialist on the issue of choosing the best replacement. As a rule, the doctor prescribes a remedy from the same group of aminoglycosides. Popular drugs are:
- Amikabol.
- Amicosit.
- "Lycacin."
The listed funds are based on amikacin sulfate. They are distinguished from the described medicine by the retail price, the name of the manufacturer. The listed medicines are made in the form of powders and solutions intended for injection. Before using the drug, it is reasonable to conduct a preliminary study to confirm the sensitivity of the pathological microflora to the antibiotic.
Opinions about the tool. What are the reviews?
In the instructions for use of "Amikacin", the manufacturer mentions: the product is effective, but strong enough, therefore its unreasonable and incorrect use with a high degree of probability can cause an unwanted response of the body. As can be seen from the responses of people who used the drug at their discretion, without medical advice, the remedy really causes an unwanted response from the body, may not show the expected effect.
The use of Amikacin injections according to the instructions, in accordance with the recommendations of a specialist, is the key to the success of a therapeutic course. Persons who used the composition under the supervision of a doctor, note its effectiveness. Of course, some patients experienced side effects, but many assess them as completely insignificant against the background of the effectiveness of the drug in diseases that are not amenable to other drugs.
How it works?
As specified in the instructions for use, amikacin sulfate is able to penetrate the bacterial wall of the cell, reacting with the subunit of the ribosome. This interferes with the processes of generating protein structures in the cell of a pathological microorganism. Increased activity is inherent in relation to gram-negative microflora of the aerobic type. A fairly high activity was recorded relative to a number of gram-positive representatives of microscopic life forms, including penicillin-resistant bacteria and pathogens that are not amenable to cephalosporins, methicillin. Regarding the anaerobic bacteria, Amikacin does not show the desired effect.
Kinetics
In the instructions for use of Amikacin, the manufacturer indicates the need for injection of the drug. Soon after penetration into muscle tissue, the substance is completely absorbed into the circulatory system. The process is fast enough. The active compound is characterized by the ability to quickly distribute throughout the body. A relatively small percentage enters into strong ties with serum blood elements (not more than 10%). It is established that Amikacin is able to penetrate the placenta.
The drug, once in the human body, does not undergo transformation. The substance is eliminated with urine in its original form. The elimination half-life, as specified by the instructions for the use of Amikacin, varies from a couple of hours to twice as much time.
When will it help?
According to the instructions for use, Amikacin injections for children and adults are indicated if infection of the respiratory system, stomach, intestinal tract, reproductive organs or urinary system is established. You can use the drug for infection of the skin, tissue layers under the skin. The drug is prescribed for complications of a burn infection, if bacteria are detected in the circulatory system. Amikacin can be used for certain types of blood poisoning, including neonatal sepsis, that is, a form of the disease obtained during the period in the mother's body or at the stage of the birth of the child.
Indications for the use of Amikacin are endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, meningitis.
How to use?
The manufacturer recommends that the sensitivity of pathological life forms to the medication be checked before the initial use of the drug. The dosage for further treatment will have to be selected strictly individually. Take into account how severe the disease is, where the focus of infection is located, how high the sensitivity of bacteria to the drug. In most cases, "Amikacin" is injected into the muscular tissue, although sometimes the doctor recommends stopping on the introduction into the vein: drops or stream - from two minutes or longer.
If infection of moderate severity is established, the drug is prescribed for children and adults based on weight: 10 mg per kilogram. The resulting volume is divided into 2-3 injection procedures. Children born prematurely, infants are recommended to use the same dosage first, then administer the drug at the rate of 7.5 mg / kg twice a day.
Nuances and diagnoses
Instructions for use "Amikacin" for infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recommended in an amount of 15 mg / kg. The medicine is used three times daily. A similar course is required by diseases, the course of which poses a threat to the patient's life.
The duration of the therapeutic course with the introduction of the drug into a vein is from three days to one week. When used intramuscularly, "Amikacin" is used for 7-10 days.
With problems of urinary function will have to adjust the treatment program. Specific doses are selected, focusing on creatinine clearance.
It is necessary to clearly follow all the procedures and rules specified in the instructions for use for Amikacin injections. How to breed the drug, the manufacturer describes quite clearly. Features may vary based on the specific release. You will have to follow the procedure in detail.
The nuances of the introduction
Using the powder for injective use, the antibiotic is pre-diluted with purified water, novocaine, lidocaine, following the instructions for use. Any doctor knows how to breed Amikacin: for 0.5 g of medicine - 2-3 ml of liquid. You can use purified water for injection, you can mix a solution of an analgesic substance into it. When using an anesthetic, an anesthetic medical solution and liquid are usually mixed in equal proportions.
The introduction of the drug into a vein requires diluting it with an isotonic or glucose solution, with which 0.5 g of the antibiotic previously dissolved in 2-3 ml of liquid is mixed.
Negative consequences. What is possible?
In the instructions for use of Amikacin, the manufacturer warns: the drug may cause an unwanted response from the body. Some adverse reactions occur only in a limited number of patients, the effects are sporadic, others are much more common.
It was established that the course of treatment may be accompanied by increased activity of liver enzymes, an increase in the concentration of bilirubin. Some patients vomit, feel sick. An allergic response may occur: skin rashes, fever, angioedema. Cases of leuko-, granulocyte-, thrombocytopenia, anemia have been recorded.
In the instructions for the use of "Amikacin" indicated the possibility of dizziness, headache while taking funds. Some are drawn to sleep, hearing is deteriorating, up to deafness. This phenomenon may be irreversible. There is a probability of disruption of the vestibular apparatus, the transmission of impulses between the nervous system and muscle tissues. Cases of oligo-, protein-, microhematuria are known. In extremely rare cases, Amikacin provoked kidney failure.
Strongly impossible!
"Amikacin" is contraindicated if a focus of inflammation in the auditory nerve, impaired liver or kidney function. Amikacin should not be used for uremia, that is, a pathological condition in which nitrogenous slags accumulate in the circulatory system. If possible, it is necessary to avoid the appointment of a therapeutic course for women expecting a baby, infants. Amikacin should not be used in combination with strepto-, mono-, neo-, kanamycin.
Exceptional accuracy requires therapy if there is a mention in the medical history of the allergic response of the body. Increased attention is required by patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis. Amikacin is allowed to be prescribed to persons of advanced age, but with constant monitoring of vital functions.
Note
In case of failure of the excretory renal function, Amikacin is prescribed in a weakened mode. Adjustment remains at the discretion of the doctor, depends on creatinine clearance.
With increased sensitivity, an allergic response to any aminoglycosides, the drug in question is not recommended. A high probability of the formation of a cross allergic reaction.
An increased likelihood of a poisonous effect on the kidneys, the auditory system is characteristic of the therapeutic course, in which Amikacin is used in high dosage. In addition, an individual predisposition to an undesirable effect is possible.
Mutual influence: dangers and opportunities
When prescribing Amikacin, it is necessary to pay attention to the increased likelihood of a poisonous effect on the kidneys when patients use non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs and radiopaque drugs. A similar effect is possible with a combination of an antibiotic with vancomycin, polymyxins, cephalotin. Certain risks for the excretory system are associated with a combination of the described composition and amphotericin B, cyclosporins, methoxyflurane. The likelihood of a toxic effect when the patient consumes cisplatin, enfluran, cephalotin increases.
The risk of a toxic effect on the auditory system is increased while the use of Amikacin and loop diuretics, cisplatin.
The antimicrobial effect becomes weaker with the combination of the described drug and penicillin drugs, if the patient suffers from kidney failure. The simultaneous entry into the body of drugs that inhibit neuromuscular impulses, ethyl ether increases the likelihood of blocking the activity of the respiratory center.
Safety Above All
Categorically it is impossible to combine in one syringe, Amikacin solution and penicillin preparations, heparin formulations, erythromycin and cephalosporins. You can not combine the described tool in the same container with nitrofurantoin, amphotericin B, thiopentone, chlorothiazide. In certain cases, the combination of Amikacin and ascorbic acid, potassium chloride, tetracycline antibiotics, and B vitamins is excluded in one solution. The possibility of combining substances depends on the concentration of each of them, the exact composition of the solution.
During the period of gestation, the described tool is not used. If it is necessary to prescribe a therapeutic course during breastfeeding, the baby should be transferred to an alternative diet.