The pathology of the cardiovascular system currently comes out on top among all others in terms of prevalence.
Few in the modern world have not heard of rhythmic disturbances in the cardiovascular system. Such pathological conditions include a violation of intraventricular conduction of the heart.
Violation of conduction does not mean the mandatory absence of the passage of nerve impulses. This condition indicates only a violation in the driving system, which can manifest itself as a slowdown in the frequency of impulses (and a decrease in rhythm, respectively), and complete cessation of impulses (cardiac arrest). Thus, a violation of intraventricular conduction of the heart is manifested by heart block. In accordance with this, all of them are subdivided into complete (lack of possibility of passage of a nerve impulse) and incomplete, in which nerve impulses are conducted with a lower frequency.
In addition, a violation of intraventricular conduction of the heart can be classified by the lesion site (for example, blockade of the right or left leg of the bundle of His). Also, all blockades can be divided into proximal and distal. If we are talking about the distal sections of the nerve fibers of the heart tissue, then they are less favorable and require more attention from the doctor.
Another option for the classification of blockades: persistent (permanent or chronic) and transient (unstable or acute).
The causes that can cause a violation of intraventricular conduction of the heart can be divided into three main groups: organic, functional and medicinal.
Organic - changes in the structure of the conduction system of the heart. Such changes can be observed with myocarditis, coronary heart disease (heart attack, angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis and others), congenital malformations, cardiomyopathies, and also rarely after surgical interventions.
Functional changes - changes in the functioning of the conduction system of the heart in the absence of organic pathology of CVS. The main systems that regulate the functioning of the conduction system of the heart are the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. In this case, the sympathetic system increases conductivity, while the parasympathetic system slows down. Normally, the action of these two systems is balanced, but when the balance is disturbed, functional shifts are observed in the cardiovascular system. Strengthening the activity of the parasympathetic system - “vagotonia”.
Drug-related causes. This group includes drugs, the appointment of which can cause deviations from the rhythm of the heart. A feature of this group of blockades is the extremely severe course and torpidity (severity) of treatment.
Violation of intraventricular conduction is diagnosed using the electrocardiographic method. In the presence of transient rhythm disturbances, a special kind of ECG study is performed - Holter monitoring.
It is difficult to judge localization by a standard ECG, therefore, in order to clarify the presence of a proximal or distal block, the electrogram of the His bundle (EPG) is recorded.
To identify the involvement of the nervous system (sympathy and parasympathetic) in the occurrence of blockade, a test with physical activity is performed.
Thus, the diagnosis of heart pathology has now been developed very clearly and efficiently, which makes it possible to easily identify a violation of intraventricular conduction of the heart. The treatment of this group of diseases is primarily due to the etiological aspect. That is, treatment should first of all be aimed at eliminating the cause of the blockade and only secondarily, symptomatic treatment.