Eczema is a skin disease that is inflammatory in nature. Refers to chronic pathologies, has a neuro-allergic nature. It is accompanied by severe symptoms, can be diagnosed in different parts of the body. Eczema on the face refers to common diseases among both children and adults. It is not considered contagious and cannot be transmitted from one patient to another.
Views
Eczema in this part of the body can be of several types, each of which is accompanied by certain symptoms and arises as a result of various provoking factors. The most common types include:
- Idiopathic (weeping eczema on the face). It is characterized by a chronic course, a phase of exacerbation is very often observed. As for the foci of inflammation, they are symmetrical. Very often, true eczema affects the skin of the lower and upper extremities. It spreads rapidly throughout the body. Treatable.
- Seborrheic eczema. With this type of disease, damage to the skin of not only the face, but also of the head occurs very often. The formation of a rash occurs mainly in the area of hair growth, as well as near the nasolabial folds, behind the ears around the oral cavity. It differs in pronounced signs. Pathology of this type is treatable.
- Microbial eczema. The cause of this eczema is staphylococcus. In most cases, it affects the area of the lips, beard. May occur as a result of an existing inflammatory process on the face.
As for other forms of eczema, for example, atopic or nummular, they are rarely diagnosed in the face.
Stages of True Eczema
In modern medicine, the stages of each type of eczema on the face are distinguished. True eczema proceeds in several stages, which include the following:
- The skin of the affected area begins to redden, swelling appears.
- The appearance of vesicles and nodules of small size.
- Opening of vesicles, the occurrence of point erosion.
- Isolation of serous exudate from erosion, the formation of a wet area of the skin.
- Drying of the exudate, the formation of a yellow-gray crust.
- The formation of a new epithelium under the crust.
- The occurrence of itching and peeling in the affected area.
The whole process, which was described above, takes place in waves. After this disease, the patient may experience skin tightening, increased pigmentation, and the formation of infiltrated areas.
Stages of seborrheic and microbial type of disease
This type of disease also develops in stages. The stages of seborrheic eczema on the face include:
- The appearance of pink-yellow nodules on the face of a small size.
- The fusion of nodules, as they increase in size. The formation of infiltrated plaques is observed, in the form of discs, the size of which reaches 1 cm, they are covered with oily scales, which adjoin tightly to each other.
- Under the scales is a wet surface. Pronounced humidity is not observed.
- This type of eczema is characterized by the absence of clear boundaries.
- At first the skin is dry, then it gradually becomes greasy.
- Gradually, plaques form in arches or rings, starting from the middle of the inflammatory focus.
If the treatment of eczema on the face of this type is carried out correctly and effectively, then the skin is completely restored.
Microbial eczema passes through such stages of development:
- Damage to the hair follicles with abscesses. Staphylococci is provoked by this process.
- Swelling, redness, and itching appear.
- Inflamed areas with ulcers begin to gradually get wet.
If the disease is in an advanced state, then the inflammatory process begins to spread to areas where there is hair.
Development reasons
Eczema on the face, as well as on other parts of the body, can trigger various factors. They are similar to each other in both adults and children. The disease itself can have a wide variety of origins.
Causes of Eczema:
- An allergic reaction of the body to any irritants that can be attributed to: pollen, wool, food and other substances. In such a situation, an allergic test is recommended.
- Parasitic infestations. Worms and other parasites in the human body can provoke a lack of vitamins and disrupt the metabolic process. As a result, the immune system becomes weaker and more susceptible to infection.
- Skin lesion with fungal infection.
- Insect bites.
- Heredity.
- Violation of the integrity of the skin.
- Nervous disorders, stressful situations.
- Systemic autoimmune diseases, disorders of the digestive system.
- Diseases of the endocrine system.
If the patient has at least one of the listed provoking causes of eczema, then it is worth consulting with a specialist and proceeding with therapy.
Symptomatology
This skin disease not only develops in stages, but each type is accompanied by severe symptoms. Common signs of pathology include the following factors:
- Redness. In most cases, it occurs at the initial stage of eczema on the face. The boundaries of the inflammatory process will depend on the type of pathology.
- Bubbles and pustules.
- Wet areas with inflammation.
- Peeling.
- Crust formation.
- Itching, burning.
- Ulcers and sores.
After this pathology, the patient may have scars on the skin of the face, as a result, this leads to infection. In parallel with the listed symptoms of eczema on the skin of the face, the patient may complain of symptoms such as increased irritability, insomnia, fatigue, and exhaustion of the body. Children may be more restless, there is partial paralysis, poor eating.
Eczema in children
Very often, this disease is diagnosed in young children. Eczema is confused with allergic reactions, and therefore mothers resort to self-medication, which further aggravate the situation. To exclude pathology in a child, it is recommended that a pregnant woman eat right, remove allergen products from her diet.
What does eczema look on the face of babies? The inflammatory process is represented by foci of bright red color, round shape. Small bubbles inside are also noted. Skin lesions occur on the cheeks, sometimes on the frontal part or under the eyes. In most cases, eczema is diagnosed in children aged two months to six months. This is due to the unformed gastrointestinal tract, as well as the fact that the skin is not able to withstand strong allergens that may be contained in bath products.
Very often, eczema in children occurs as a hereditary factor. Adolescents can also be at risk, especially those who have been ill previously.
Diagnostics
To make this diagnosis to the patient, it is necessary to conduct an examination and a thorough examination. Since eczema is often confused with other pathologies of the skin, differential diagnosis with dermatitis, psoriasis should be carried out. The patient is prescribed blood donation for allergens, scraping of the affected area.
If the situation is more neglected, then it is recommended to undergo a histological examination of the area of the skin where the inflammatory process is observed. This study helps to rule out the possibility that the disease is not autoimmune. Based on the results, therapy is prescribed, which will depend on the type of eczema and the prevalence of the process. Do not engage in self-diagnosis and treatment, as this can lead to complications and irreversible consequences, especially for children.
Complex treatment
The most effective therapy is considered complex, which is based on a combination of several main approaches. These include:
- Drug therapy. To overcome this ailment, the patient is prescribed drugs, injections, ointments from eczema on the face. Medicines include antihistamines, antiallergic, sedatives. As for ointments, it is advised to use topical steroid, which help get rid of the inflammatory process. Antibiotics and vitamin B and C complexes may be prescribed.
- Physiotherapy. It implies the conduct of such procedures as electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, ultraviolet irradiation, reflexology.
- Proper nutrition, diet. The patient is advised to exclude from the diet all products that can provoke an allergic reaction of the body. Also, you need to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of fluid per day.
- Ethnoscience. Various infusions and decoctions of herbs, compresses can be used.
As for treatment in children, they are excluded from the treatment of potent anti-inflammatory drugs. If the baby is breast-fed, then mother is recommended to adhere to proper nutrition, strict diet. If a child is fed with mixtures, then experts advise giving preference to hypoallergenic mixtures. Also, the treatment of eczema on the face completely eliminates warming, as this can aggravate the situation and provoke the occurrence of sweating.
True Eczema Treatment
With this type of disease, the patient is prescribed various 1st generation antihistamines. These include the following medicines:
- "Mebhydrolinum".
- "Chloropyramine."
- "Promethazine".
After the inflammatory process decreases, the patient is prescribed "Ebastin", "Cetirizine". If the disease continues to progress, it is recommended to take Betamethasone or Prednisolone corticosteroids. In a very advanced situation, the patient is prescribed injections of calcium gluconate into the muscle fiber.
As for local therapy, it involves the use of astringent consistency, for example, a solution of "Tannin" or a solution of "Resorcinol." These funds contribute to the formation of a film in the inflamed areas and tissue repair. It is also worth treating the skin with a solution of "Furacilin". To restore tissue faster, you need to carry out vitamin therapy.
Treatment of seborrheic type of disease
Therapy of this type of disease will depend on the degree of damage to the skin. If the disease has just begun, then it is recommended to use local treatment. In severe eczema on the face in adults, systemic therapy is necessary. Specialists with seborrheic type of pathology prescribe antimycotic ointments, creams, drugs with corticosteroid hormones and antibacterial components. The recovery course lasts 1-2 months.
Recommended drugs, products, ointments:
- Nizoral.
- Bepanten.
- Panthenol.
- Salicylic ointment.
- Keto Plus.
- Mycosoral.
It is also worth sticking to a proper balanced diet. It is necessary to refuse to visit the steam rooms, saunas. If necessary, the patient is prescribed laser therapy, darsonvalization, cryotherapy or magnetotherapy. Be sure to prescribe injections of vitamins B6 and B1.
Microbial Eczema Treatment
Without fail, with microbial therapy the patient is prescribed antibacterial drugs. For local treatment, such drugs as Tetracycline and Erythromycin Ointment, Levomekol, Baneocin and others are prescribed. If eczema was complicated by a fungal infection, it is recommended to take antimycotic drugs.
With a significant lesion of the skin, staphylococcal vaccination is carried out. Also, do not refuse to follow a diet and other doctor's recommendations in order to exclude negative consequences. If the therapy was ineffective, you need to change the course of treatment and re-pass the examination, pass the scrapings.