In the article, we consider the causes of temperature without symptoms. What can this pathology mean?
An increase in temperature is a very frequent phenomenon. However, it is usually accompanied by certain concomitant symptoms that may indicate the development of a disease. In the absence of such, it is very difficult to determine the disease, so often patients worry about this.
What is the norm?
Normal temperature values in healthy people can vary, while up to 37 degrees the temperature is not considered pathologically high. Such fluctuations can occur in the presence of a wide variety of factors - under the influence of stress, with a change in climatic conditions, after an illness, etc.
So, consider the main causes of temperature without symptoms in adults.
Causes of pathology
In addition to external factors contributing to an increase in temperature, there are also internal factors in connection with which it can increase, but there are no signs of a cold in a person. In certain cases, other symptoms of a disease may appear, which greatly facilitates the diagnosis, however, this may not happen. In order to determine the diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo some laboratory tests, for example, to take tests of urine, blood or other biological materials. At a temperature without symptoms in an adult, this will help determine the treatment.
Possible causes of asymptomatic fever
The main factors for the asymptomatic occurrence of fever are:
- Diseases provoked by infection by pathogenic microorganisms, which are viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites. In this case, it is advisable to start treatment immediately, without waiting for the appearance of concomitant symptoms of this pathology and focusing on the nature of the temperature increase. When febrile fever occurs, when the temperature rises to 38-39 degrees, there is intoxication with the waste products of infectious agents. In this case, the development of diseases such as SARS, influenza, catarrhal tonsillitis is possible. Why else can there be a fever without cold symptoms?
- In an adult with various purulent inflammations, as well as with tuberculosis, an abrupt occurrence of high temperature is usually observed.
- Its smooth decrease over several days may indicate the development of pathologies such as malaria, motor neuronal disease. In addition, similar phenomena are often observed with impaired functioning of the organs of the excretory system.
- Stable high temperature retention can be a major symptom of typhoid and some others.
- Tumor masses. In this case, the use of antipyretic drugs does not give any effect, since the patient's febrile condition is associated with pathological changes in the tissues of the affected organ.
- Injuries. The temperature without symptoms of a cold in an adult in this case may be due to inflamed wounds, fractures, or after surgical interventions.
- Porphyria.
- Diseases of the endocrine system.
- Hemolysis and blood diseases.
- Heart attack.
- Kidney inflammation. The temperature in this condition rises, as a rule, to 37-38 degrees and often this is the only sign of the disease. With pyelonephritis, it is not recommended to bring down the temperature, since its increase indicates the fight against the disease by natural forces.
- Allergy. An increase in temperature without symptoms in an adult with allergic reactions is insignificant and spasmodic.
- Inflammation and various systemic diseases, for example, autoimmune ones - lupus, periarthritis nodosa, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatism, polyarthritis, allergic vasculitis, Crohn's disease.
- The development of meningococcal infection in an adult. The temperature without symptoms rises to almost 40 degrees, and it is practically impossible to bring it down, or it gets off, but for a very short time. Characteristic symptoms do not appear immediately. If this disease occurs, it is important to hospitalize the patient on time.
- Infectious endocarditis. The disease develops after a sore throat or flu. The temperature rises significantly, sometimes up to 40 degrees.
- Disruption of the hypothalamus. The causes, as well as methods of treating this pathology, are unknown today. To reduce the temperature and eliminate symptoms in this case, sedatives are most often used.
- Mental disorders. For example, febrile schizophrenia is often accompanied by a characteristic febrile syndrome.
- Malaria. Fever can be accompanied by severe headache, severe trembling, cold extremities, delirium. Periodically, the high temperature in an adult decreases markedly, and this happens with a certain periodicity of several hours or days.
- Endocarditis. This disease occurs against the background of inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, provoked by the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the body. The main signs of this pathology are heart pain, profuse fetid sweating, intoxication of the body. In this case, the fever has a constant or hectic nature.
- A variety of blood diseases, such as lymphoma, leukemia. In addition to an increase in body temperature, such phenomena as skin rash, sharp weight loss, intoxication are often observed.
Why is an adult holding symptoms without symptoms?
A slight increase in temperature
There are cases of asymptomatic fever when this condition does not pose a particular danger to a person. This may occur under the following circumstances:
- If a fever with a slight increase in temperature occurs frequently, then this may be one of the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia.
- Overheating of the body. May occur with prolonged exposure to the sun, sauna, etc.
- The period of adolescence in boys when puberty occurs.
It happens that a temperature of 37.2 is held for a long time without symptoms in an adult.
Temperature 37 degrees
A similar phenomenon without signs of a cold is often observed in women with the occurrence of an early menopause, during pregnancy and lactation. Disruption of the hormonal background can also affect body temperature. For example, in women during the menstrual cycle, there may be a slight increase in temperature to 37 degrees.
Not subfebrile
This temperature is not subfebrile, however, this condition is not uncommon, and, in addition to headache, causes a lot of other unpleasant inconveniences. If such a fever passes quickly and independently, then it does not pose any danger to humans.
Causes
There are the following reasons for this phenomenon:
- Chronic fatigue.
- Severe stresses, which are accompanied, as a rule, by intensive production of adrenaline rush.
- Decreased hemoglobin levels, or anemia.
- Energy depletion of the body.
- Weakening of the functions of the immune system.
- Condition after mental disorder and depression.
- The development of a sluggish infection.
- General fatigue in the body and loss of strength.
- Some sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, AIDS, etc.).
Usually a febrile state with a temperature of 37 degrees in adults indicates the presence of a certain reason that provoked such a condition, and also indicates the inability of the body to cope with a similar problem on its own. The high fever in an adult is very painful.
Causes of temperature rise up to 38 degrees
Such a febrile condition without signs of a cold is found, as a rule, quite often. There are many explanations for this. For example, such a fever may be a symptom of a developing lacunar or follicular tonsillitis, and with the development of the catarrhal form of this disease, an increase in temperature to insignificant levels is observed. If the temperature 38 without symptoms lasts more than three days, there is reason to assume the occurrence of the following pathologies:
- Inflammation of the kidneys (temperature may be accompanied by pain in the lumbar region).
- Pneumonia.
- Heart attack.
- Vegetative-vascular dystonia, which is also accompanied by sharp drops in blood pressure.
- Rheumatism.
And when does the temperature last a whole week?
In cases where a febrile state persists for several days or even weeks, such a phenomenon may be the first sign of the following serious diseases:
- Leukemia.
- The formation of malignant tumor neoplasms.
- Diffuse changes in the liver and lungs.
- Severe disorders in the endocrine system.
The occurrence of a prolonged fever with a temperature of 38 without symptoms in such cases is due to the fact that the body's immunity is actively fighting the pathological process.
Temperature 39 degrees without symptoms
If the temperature rises to 39 degrees, and this does not occur for the first time, this phenomenon may cause the presence of chronic inflammation or a pathological decrease in immune defense. A similar process can develop against the background of febrile seizures, shortness of breath, chills, in some cases even loss of consciousness and a further increase in temperature indicators. The occurrence of a temperature of 39 degrees may be the first sign of the development of the following pathologies:
- Chronic pyelonephritis.
- Allergy.
- ARVI.
- Viral endocarditis.
- Meningococcal infection.
What is the danger of a sharp increase in temperature without symptoms in an adult?
Hyperthermia or fever?
Regulation of the body temperature occurs at the level of human reflexes, and the hypothalamus, which can be attributed to the sections of the diencephalon, is responsible for this process. This body also exercises control over the functioning of the entire endocrine and nervous system, since it is in the hypothalamus that special centers are located that regulate the sensation of thirst and hunger, sleep cycles, body temperature and other psychosomatic and physiological functions that occur in the body.
Pyrogens
When the temperature rises, the so-called pyrogens begin to work - protein substances that are divided into primary, presented in the form of a variety of toxins, bacteria and viruses, and secondary, which are produced inside the body.
When a focal point of inflammation occurs, primary pyrogens begin to activate the cells of the body that produce secondary pyrogens, and those, in turn, begin to send impulses about the disease to the hypothalamus. And he is already adjusting the temperature regime of the body in order to activate its protective functions. The febrile state will continue until a certain balance between high heat generation and low heat transfer is restored.
With hyperthermia, there is also a temperature without signs of a cold. However, in this case, the hypothalamus does not receive a signal to activate the body's defense against any infection, therefore, this body does not take part in the process of increasing the temperature regime in the body.
Hyperthermia proceeds, as a rule, against the background of a change in the process of heat transfer, for example, as a result of general overheating of the body during heat stroke, or a violation of heat transfer processes.
What to do at an adult temperature?
In the event of a fever, it is strictly forbidden to carry out various kinds of physiotherapy, heating, mud therapy, massages, and also water procedures.
Before proceeding with the elimination of the manifestations of a febrile state, which in some cases is accompanied by a headache, the real cause of this problem should be clarified. Only a medical specialist can determine it, based on data from a differential examination and laboratory studies.
If it turns out that an increase in temperature without symptoms in an adult occurs against the background of the development of a certain infectious and inflammatory disease, the patient is usually prescribed a course of antibacterial therapy. If the cause of the fever is a fungal infection of the body, the doctor prescribes medical polyene antibiotics, drugs of the triazole group and a number of other medications. Thus, the type of drugs and the tactics of therapeutic methods are determined specifically by the etiology of the disease.