Parietal sinusitis is a serious chronic disease characterized by thickening of the mucous membrane, accompanied by a violation of the outflow of fluid and many other unpleasant consequences.
What causes this ailment? What symptoms indicate its presence? Is it possible to get rid of this disease forever? Well, now it’s worth trying to give answers to these and many other questions.
Etiology
Parietal sinusitis, being an inflammatory pathology of the maxillary sinus, does not develop as an independent pathology. It is a consequence of acute processes occurring in the nasopharynx and nose. It can occur both on one side and on two at once.
The trigger mechanism of the disease is not treated sinusitis or rhinitis, but also the lack of sanitation of the upper respiratory tract. Because of this, bacterial mucus accumulates in the sinuses and stagnates in them. Such conditions are ideal for initiating structural changes in the mucous membrane.
Causes
Unilateral or bilateral parietal sinusitis occurs due to the introduction of infectious agents. The inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is usually provoked by such pathogens:
- Mycoplasma.
- Staphylococci.
- Mushrooms.
- Chlamydia
- Streptococcus
- Haemophilus influenzae.
Right-sided or left-side parietal sinusitis begins to form after a person has had some kind of acute illness. These include:
- Adenoiditis
- Rhinitis.
- Nasopharyngitis.
- Sinusitis.
- Tonsillitis.
People with chronic allergies are at greatest risk of getting sinusitis of this form. Also, the inner wall of the maxillary sinus can be deformed against the background of the so-called constitutional anomalies. These include:
- Curved nasal septum.
- Cartilage overgrowth.
- Narrowed nasal passages.
- Polyps in the mucosa.
Even the development of the disease can be affected by mechanical and barotraumas, weakened immunity, hypovitaminosis, adenoids, caries and prolonged use of certain medications.
Disease development
Parietal sinusitis, in the first place, is characterized by a thickening of the mucous membrane. Here is what happens:
- The anastomosis swells.
- Disrupted gas exchange and fluid drainage.
- The sinuses are rapidly clogging.
- Pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply intensively.
At first, a person does not pay attention to the sensations that accompany all of these processes. Many perceive them as symptoms of a cold, and therefore ignore it, believing that it will pass by itself.
But the condition worsens (some even exacerbate it by self-medication), and as a result, the disease takes on a chronic form. People already go to the doctor with it, since progressive parietal sinusitis causes tangible discomfort, which significantly worsens the quality of life.
Clinical picture
Before you talk about how to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, it is necessary to discuss the signs of the disease. Here is what the clinical picture looks like with this ailment:
- The maxillary sinus swells.
- The ciliated layer increases, the relief begins to smooth out.
- The mucous membrane becomes thicker and denser. Its surface is covered with hard detachable, thick sputum.
- Mucus with purulent impurities begins to appear.
- The sinuses are gradually clogged.
- Over time, rhinorrhea with purulent contents occurs.
- The upper jaw begins to hurt and radiates to the superciliary arches, the frontal part of the head, and the temples.
- Swelling of the cheeks, lower and upper eyelids, nose appears.
- There is a lack of respiratory function.
In especially severe cases, the middle ear is often inflamed, congestion occurs, and hearing is also impaired.
Symptoms
Above were listed the processes that occur with the human body, faced with the ailment in question. Now you should list the symptoms of parietal sinusitis. All of the above is accompanied by such manifestations:
- Alternating nasal congestion. Occurs on the affected side. Permanent congestion is absent.
- Severe headaches, which become even more unbearable with bends and sudden movements.
- Occasionally occurring in the area of the wings of the nose, temples and nose bridge.
- Liquid nasal discharge is cloudy white. If untreated, they become thick and viscous.
- Swelling in the eyelids and cheeks.
- Impaired ability to work and increased fatigue.
- Dry cough, which eventually becomes chronic. It intensifies in the morning, due to stagnant processes.
- A feeling of heaviness concentrating in the maxillary sinuses. It also intensifies when the head is tilted.
- Weakened, poor appetite.
- Disturbed sense of smell (may disappear altogether).
- Prostration.
- Emotional instability.
Also, hyperplastic sinusitis is often accompanied by an increase in temperature to subfebrile values (about 37.5 ° C). During periods of exacerbation of the patient, lacrimation and photophobia begin to disturb, and the secretion of mucus in the sinuses and nose becomes especially intense.
Diagnostics
A competent treatment of parietal sinusitis can be prescribed only by a doctor. All methods and means of therapy are selected individually after diagnosis.
The first step is to take an anamnesis with further rhinoscopy - the doctor examines the nasal passages, using artificial lighting and special mirrors.
Pre-carried out palpation of the outer part of the wings, nose and vestibule. At rhinoscopy, it is possible to determine the condition and color of the mucosa, the existing structural changes, and evaluate the integrity. Mild sinusitis, as a rule, is indicated by mild hyperemia and pallor of the epithelium, as well as too thin a blood network and swelling. In addition to the above, another assessment is made of the nature and quantity of exudate.
Instrumental research
After completing the above activities, an endoscopy is prescribed. An image is projected onto the monitor, which is then studied, and based on the information received, pathological changes, the presence of various neoplasms in the nose and how severe the inflammation are determined are determined.
Also, with parietal sinusitis, the patient must be sent for x-ray. Here is what allows you to find out this method:
- Decreased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus.
- The state of the orbits of the eyes and facial bones.
- Parietal darkening of the sinuses.
Usually after an X-ray no questions remain. But, if the situation is still not clarified, they are scheduled for computed tomography. This is a very informative diagnostic method. Thanks to CT, it is possible to examine in detail all structural changes in the sinuses, to identify inflammation, compaction, deformation, etc.
In very rare cases, an MRI is prescribed. Indication for its conduct - the presence of neoplasms and constitutional anomalies.
The specifics of therapy
With parietal sinusitis, a conservative treatment is prescribed. An integrated approach is also very important, including rehabilitation of the sinuses, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics (according to the doctor’s testimony).
Before using topical pharmacological agents, it is important to thoroughly rinse your sinuses and nose from accumulated sputum. Disinfection is carried out using solutions based on sea salt. These are “Humer”, “Aqua Maris”, “Salin”, “No-Sol”. Saline solution is also suitable - 9% NaCl.
To eliminate edema, to restore patency of the upper respiratory tract, antihistamines should be taken. The doctor usually prescribes Cetirizine, Tavegil, Desloratadine, and Loratadine.
Antibiotics have to be taken if the presence of infection in the sinuses has been confirmed by laboratory methods. For oral administration, penicillins (Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav) or macrolides (Azithromycin) are prescribed.
With severe pain, which is sometimes accompanied by parietal sinusitis, a person has to take Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nise and Nimesil. These anti-inflammatory help quickly eliminate discomfort.
Nasal drops
Without their use, treatment of the disease in question is not complete. So now it’s worth talking about which nose drops from sinusitis are the most effective.
During an exacerbation period, drugs such as Nazivin, Xymelin, Galazolin, and Naphthyzine help cope with unpleasant symptoms.
To exert a local effect on the bacterial flora, Polydex and Isofra sprays are used.
Homeopathic remedies “Sinupret” and “Euphorbium Compositum” help well in thinning and subsequent elimination of viscous mucus.
In severe cases, the use of hormonal drugs is indicated. The most effective nose drops from sinusitis from this group are Avamis and Nazonex, which are available in the form of nasal suspensions.
Physiotherapy
It is also often resorted to in order to cure sinusitis. Here are some of the most popular methods:
- Impulse current exposure (diadynamic therapy).
- Warm mud poultices or applications.
- Electric current treatment.
- Electrophoresis
- Phototherapy.
- UHF therapy.
- Laser treatment.
- EHF therapy.
- Thermal treatments.
- Ultrasound treatment.
Each method is good in its own way. However, all methods, as well as medications, have contraindications. Therefore, before using one of them, you must consult your doctor so as not to harm yourself.
Cyclamen juice cleanses the sinuses from purulent contents, while stopping the headache. After instillation of 2 drops of juice, sneezing, coughing and fever begin, the patient sweats intensely. A yellow-green mucus will be released all day from the nose.
Folk remedies
Finally, it is worth telling about their application. Many people care about whether it is possible to warm the nose with salt with sinusitis . After all, this is the most popular folk remedy. Yes, it is possible, but only if the otolaryngologist approved this method. Because the heat applied at the wrong time can provoke an increased reproduction of bacteria and the development of complications.
And if a person received a positive answer from the doctor to the question of whether it is possible to warm the nose with salt with sinusitis, he still needs to be responsible for this process. First, it is heated in a pan (3-4 minutes, no more). Then spread on a dry clean cloth (not terry!) And apply to the sinuses. Use 15-20 minutes, stop if burning sensation is felt. To use, by the way, you need coarse sea salt.
Inhalations based on herbal decoctions are also common. A popular combination of plantain, mint, lemon balm and celandine, you can also try combining raspberries, eucalyptus and calendula. Inhalation on a decoction of hawthorn, oregano and blackcurrant leaves helps well.
It is also recommended to lubricate the mucous membrane with rosehip or sea buckthorn oil. It is enough three times a day every day, this is enough to slightly alleviate the discomfort.
Also, oil menthol drops, which perfectly clean the nasal passages, eliminate puffiness, have a good effect.
People who have had sinusitis and about cyclamen juice respond well. This is not only a tool that can quickly cleanse the sinuses from purulent contents. It also helps to get rid of a headache. After instillation of the juice (you need 2 drops in each nostril), increased sneezing, fever and cough begin, and sweating increases. All day, green-yellow mucus will be released from the nose.
There are many folk remedies. But before using any of them, it is extremely important to consult a doctor. Perhaps their use will be inappropriate.