One of the common symptoms of so-called colds is a sore throat. Persecution and coughing, difficulty swallowing cause a lot of problems in everyday life. Often, pain and discomfort in the throat is a manifestation of a serious disease, which has the official name - acute tonsillitis. For its treatment, a whole range of therapeutic measures is used, including the best antibiotic for angina, selected by a specialist taking into account the anamnesis and the cause of the inflammatory process in the throat.
Acute tonsillitis
One of the complex, serious respiratory diseases is acute tonsillitis. In vernacular, it is called "angina", which is translated from Latin as "squeeze" or "squeeze". But judging from the point of view of medicine, the name of the disease corresponds to the name of the organ affected by the inflammatory process - tonsils in Latin sound like tonsillae. This problem is associated with an infection affecting the lymphatic pharyngeal ring, in particular the tonsils. Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis has the same name . For the quality treatment of any disease, a specialist should adequately select an effective drug. The best antibiotic for angina in adults or children should be selected in accordance with the type of disease, as well as the patient's history.
In its official history, acute tonsillitis disease has more than one millennium. In modern medical practice, specialists distinguish several types of angina.
- Herpetic - caused by Koksaki's entero-or echoviruses. A characteristic feature of this type of tonsillitis is small vesicles with serous contents located on the tonsils, tongue, back wall of the pharynx, soft palate and on the front of the oral cavity.
- Catarrhal - manifested by diffuse congestion of the tonsils, the formation of mucopurulent exudate on their surface, the occurrence of edema of the palatine arches, as well as soreness of the regional lymph nodes.
- Lacunar - one of the types of catarrhal sore throat, which has almost identical symptoms, with the only difference being that tonsil lacunae are affected - branched formations in which pus accumulates, spent lymph.
- Fibrinous - differs from other similar diseases in that fibrinous plaque forms on the tonsils. In the vast majority of cases, this type of tonsillitis is the result of a poorly healed lacunar or follicular form of tonsillitis.
- Phlegmonous - localized in the tonsil parenchyma, also called an intratonsillar abscess. This is the most rare type of tonsillitis, which affects mainly children 13-17 years old.
- Follicular - an inflammatory process, localized mainly in the tonsils.
- Peptic ulcer - a characteristic sign is putrefactive breath, emanating from the dirty green coating of superficial ulcers that form on the tonsils.
In addition to the characteristic features of each type of angina, doctors isolate the causative agents of this disease. It:
- bacteria, most often β-hemolytic group A streptococcus, staphylococcus, and also their combination are found in crops. Vincent’s spirochete (Spirochaetales) is particularly distinguished in this group, causing ulcerative-filmy angina, which is also called necrotic;
- viruses, the most common adenoviruses of types 1–9, Koksaki enterovirus and herpetic virus;
- fungi of the genus Candida, in some cases are found in symbiosis with pathological cocci.
As we see, the cause of acute tonsillitis can be not only bacteria, which means that treatment must be preceded by establishing the cause of the disease. Therefore, even the best antibiotic for angina can not always help to cope in a particular case, for example, with a fungal infection.
How to make a correct diagnosis?
Qualitative diagnosis of the etiology of the disease is the basis of successful treatment. In order to diagnose acute tonsillitis, the doctor conducts an external examination, prescribes the patient blood tests, as well as a laboratory study of plating scraped plaque on the tonsils to identify the pathogenesis of the problem. In many cases, children and adults are prescribed antibiotics for angina. The list of the best drugs used for these purposes is quite extensive, because there are a lot of pharmaceutical companies, and each of them has antibiotic drugs in its product line, which are also used to treat tonsillitis.
Why is angina dangerous?
All people of different ages and sex suffer from tonsillitis. But among ordinary people, it is believed that acute tonsillitis itself is not dangerous, but its complications. Often in pharmacies, pharmacists hear the question: "Which antibiotic is better for sore throats for adults or children?" But the staff at the point of sale of medicines cannot answer it, since in order to prescribe a quality drug, it is necessary to establish the exact cause of the problem.
Complications of a sore throat can be as follows:
- pharyngeal abscess;
- glomerulonephritis;
- acute laryngitis;
- acute cervical lymphadenitis;
- acute rheumatic fever;
- mediastinitis;
- meningitis;
- laryngeal edema;
- acute otitis media;
- sepsis;
- shock infectious toxic.
The most common diagnosis, which is made to the vast majority of patients with tonsillitis, is purulent tonsillitis. An antibiotic is the best way to fight infection caused by the work of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms. But if the disease is provoked by the activation of the work of fungi or viruses, then this group of drugs will be powerless. Therefore, only a doctor can determine with angina which antibiotic is better to take. Adults and young patients need a qualitative examination, conduct an appropriate examination, collect an anamnesis, and only then prescribe drugs.
Acute tonsillitis in a child
One of the most unpleasant symptoms of a sore throat is a sore throat. It can be very strong, and against the background of high temperature, chills, "aches" throughout the body, this sign of acute tonsillitis becomes very painful. Treat sore throat should begin as early as possible, trying to prevent the development of infection and its spread to other systems and organs.
According to observations, angina in children most often has a bacterial basis. The following symptoms are characteristic of it:
- sore throat - when swallowing, when turning or tilting the head;
- high temperature rising to 39 ° C and above;
- headache;
- weakness;
- lack of appetite;
- tearfulness;
- redness and swelling of the tonsils, arches and soft palate;
- enlargement and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes.
When examining the oral cavity and pharynx, you can see redness of the tonsils and the mucosa of the pharyngeal ring, white blotches or a grayish-whitish coating on the tonsils. The mucosa itself is hyperemic, swollen. Parents immediately ask the question: "Which antibiotic is better for a sore throat?" But only a pediatrician can answer him after examining the baby. It is also necessary to take tests to accurately determine the cause of acute tonsillitis.
Even with the first symptoms of a sore throat in a child, it is necessary to seek qualified medical help as soon as possible. Due to the characteristics of the child's body, the development of the disease can be very rapid and lead to serious consequences.
It is impossible to absolutely unequivocally answer the question: "With angina, which antibiotic is better to take?" Children under 18 years of age should be examined by a specialist - pediatrician, because the body of a child, adolescent is different from the body of an adult, which means that there are peculiarities in the course of the disease and in the necessary therapy.
Therapies
For some people, the best treatment for a sore throat is with antibiotics. This is true if the nature of the disease has a bacterial basis. But if acute tonsillitis has developed against the background of the aggressive work of fungi or viruses, then antibiotics cannot cure tonsillitis! However, in the treatment of such a disease, a whole range of measures and means is needed that can help the body cope with inflammation. It is necessary:
- bed rest, especially in the first few days of the disease;
- strict observance of the rules of personal hygiene as the patient himself, and those who care for him;
- plentiful drink, which helps to release the body from toxins - waste products of pathogenic organisms;
- change in diet - soft food, rich in vitamins, without spicy seasonings and rough ingredients that can cause irritation of the pharynx and esophagus.
Also, the doctor who observes the patient will prescribe such medicines as antipyretics, probiotics, vitamin and mineral complexes, topical preparations - irrigation, sprays, absorbable medicines. Which antibiotic is better for purulent sore throat to use in treatment will depend on the cause of the disease, the stage of its course, the general condition of the patient and history.
Penicillins
The best antibiotic for tonsillitis for all cases of disease is difficult to name. The pharmaceutical industry is constantly improving medicines, including from this group - new active substances, auxiliary components that improve the quality of treatment are being discovered. But the very first drugs that can get rid of pathogenic bacteria belong to the penicillin group. The history of the discovery of this substance is known to everyone from school biology and chemistry lessons. Beta-lactams, produced by fungi of the genus Penicillium, have been helping to fight many pathogens for over a century, while at the same time serving as a platform for the further search for new antibacterial substances. Until now, a good antibiotic for purulent angina for an adult is Penicillin.
The substance itself belongs to the group of beta-lactams - natural or synthesized components in which the four-membered beta-lactam ring is the basis of the structure of the molecule. The group includes not only penicillins, but also antibiotics such as carbapenems, monobactams, cephalosporins. This is the most extensive group of antimicrobial drugs used in modern medicine. Therefore, only a specialist will be able to make the right decision on the question of which angina is better to take with a sore throat.
A wide group of penicillin antibiotics share a number of common properties:
- fairly low toxicity;
- volumetric spectrum of active dosages;
- cross allergy between penicillins directly, as well as certain carbapenems and cephalosporins.
All beta-lactams show their antibacterial properties, disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. The cell wall is a rigid structure that gives bacteria a certain shape and protects it from destruction. It is based on peptidoglycan, the heteropolymer structure of which consists of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The stiffness of the cell wall is due to the mesh structure having cross-linking between the molecules. A feature of the bacterium is that the polysaccharides included in the cell structure include components such as N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, with gram-positive bacteria in their cell walls contain from 50 to 100 layers of peptidoglycan, and gram-negative only 1-2 layers . In order to synthesize a designer substance for the cell walls, the bacterium carries out a three-stage biosynthesis based on 30 bacterial enzymes. Scientists have found that penicillins disrupt the process of the last stage, inhibiting the production of transpeptidase - a special protein that interacts with beta-lactam antibiotics. This causes a violation of the strength properties of the bacterial cell wall with subsequent lysis of the pathogen.
Penicillins penetrate well in all fluids and tissues, except for the spinal cord, prostate and eye tissues. To obtain an effect in the treatment of meningitis, for example, penicillins are taken in high concentrations. Beta-lactam antibiotics are excreted mainly with urine.
Medicinal active substances from the penicillin group today are divided as follows:
- amidinopenicillins - amdinocillin, acidocillin, bacamdinocillin, pivamdinocillin;
- aminopenicillins - amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, pivampicillin, thalampicillin;
- isoxazolepenicillins, - cloxacillin, oxacillin, fluloxacillin
- carboxypenicillins - carbenicillin, carindacillin, carfecillin, ticarcillin;
- natural penicillins - benzylpenicillin, bicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin;
- ureidopenicillins - azlocillin, meslocillin, piperacillin.
Maybe the best antibiotic for angina belongs to the penicillin group? There is no doubt that this cannot be argued, because other drugs of this medicinal group are used in the treatment of acute tonsillitis and other inflammatory diseases of the body systems. Modern medical practice often recommends combined medicines in treatment, for example, Ampioks, in which ampicillin and oxacillin work, which significantly expands the spectrum of action of the drug. Moreover, the treatment of infectious diseases of the ENT system and upper respiratory tract, kidneys and urinary system, organs of the gastrointestinal tract is an advantage for ampicillins.
Modern drugs containing in their composition as an active component substances from the penicillin group used in the treatment of tonsillitis are the following: Amoxiclav, Amosin, Flemoxin Solutab, Phenoxymethylpenicillin. The specific name of the drug in which the active substances of the penicillin group work, the dosage and mode of application, the method of administering the drug is prescribed only by the doctor!
Tetracyclines
Many patients, answering the question about which antibiotic is better to take with angina, believe that these are drugs from the tetracycline group - doxycycline, metacyclin, minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and tigecitracycline. But only a doctor can prescribe such medications after diagnosis.
The basis of the work of such substances as antibiotics is the inhibition of the biosynthesis of the cellular protein of the microorganism at the level of ribosomes. This stops the development of the microbe, and the effect of the drug is considered bacteriostatic.
For the treatment of angina, drugs with tetracycline are used in the form of tablets - this is their only pharmacological form, which is used internally. Ointments for external use and an ophthalmic ointment are also sold in pharmacies.
Macrolides
What is the best antibiotic for purulent sore throat for an adult? It depends on the cause of the disease, its course and the condition of the patient. In the treatment of acute tonsillitis, drugs are used in which the active components belonging to the macrolide group work. It is noteworthy that in this group not only antibiotics are determined, but also the immunosuppressant tacrolimus.
If I may say so, then the founder of this group of drugs is erythromycin, which has been an active drug component for about 70 years. Substances in this category have a bacteriostatic effect, without causing toxic damage. They are well tolerated, which is noted by many years of experience of practitioners. Macrolides are currently the safest antibiotics. Here are their names:
- azithromycin;
- josamycin;
- clarithromycin;
- midecamycin;
- oleandomycin;
- roxithromycin;
- spiramycin;
- erythromycin.
Which antibiotic is better for an adult or child with angina, to choose from the group of macrolides - the doctor will decide, and this is the most popular group of such drugs. In pharmacies for the treatment of tonsillitis, you can buy a drug under the trade name "Macropen", in which macrolide midecamycin works. Many of those who used this medicine believe that it is the best antibiotic for angina for children. But giving it to a child, like other antibiotics, is strictly prohibited without a doctor’s prescription.
Fluoroquinolones
When deciding which antibiotic is better for a sore throat for a child, the doctor must qualitatively assess the cause of the disease by examining and prescribing tests to the patient. In the treatment of diseases caused by the activity of microbes, two types of drugs are used - antibiotics and antimicrobials. For many ordinary people there is no difference between them, but for doctors it is fundamental. The latter include active substances combined in a group of fluoroquinolones.These medicinal components have a multicomponent structure consisting of derivatives of one substance - first, nalidixic acid, which has an antibacterial property, was discovered, then oxolinic acid.Then derivatives of 4-quinolone were synthesized. The active compounds were those having fluorine in the structure. It was in this way that a group of medicines, fluoroquinolones, was obtained. These antimicrobial components of drugs destroy the DNA microorganism by inhibiting the biologically significant enzymes of the microbe cell - DNA gyrase and topoisomerase-4. This causes the microorganism to die. Fluoroquinolones of each generation have a wide range of bactericidal activity, which means they help fight many diseases. But nevertheless, the decision on which antibiotic is better to treat angina in each particular case should be made only by the attending physician.
Cephalosporins
Antibiotics are the necessary medicines, without which it is impossible to provide high-quality therapy for many diseases associated with infectious inflammation. The best antibiotic for angina in adults should fight a large number of varieties of microbes, because the disease can have a combined etiology. In addition, antibiotic drugs have a fairly large number of contraindications and potential side effects, can cause toxic effects, and have cross allergenicity. All this should be considered by a specialist when choosing a drug for a particular patient.
In the group of antibiotics that help fight acute tonsillitis, one cannot fail to mention cephalosporins - derivatives of 7-aminocephalosporic acid of 4 generations. All these substances have a high level of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against numerous pathogenic microbes. Their properties vary somewhat from generation to generation, but in modern practice not only the substances of the last 4 generations are used, but also the ancestors of this group of antibiotics, for example, cefazolin and cephalexin. Many drugs used to treat various infections have trade names for the active ingredient. In pharmacies you can see such medicinal formulations as Solexin-KID, Tsepim, Tsifran, used in the treatment of acute tonsillitis.
Aids
Ill with acute tonsillitis or suffering from exacerbations of its chronic form, a person asks the question: "Which antibiotic is better to drink with angina?". There are a lot of funds with antimicrobial activity, only a doctor can choose a specific drug after establishing an adequate diagnosis. But in addition to antibiotics, auxiliary drugs are used in the treatment of this disease.
To alleviate sore throats and fight against germs, multicomponent resorbable drugs, throat lubricants, sprays and rinses are used, for example, Strepsils, Grammidin, Faringosept, Anti-angin, Lugol, Yoks and many others, most of these products also contain substances that resist pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
The opinion of doctors and patients
But what is the best antibiotic for sore throat? The reviews of specialists and those who were treated for sore throat can not give an unambiguous recommendation. The group of such funds is quite extensive, each substance has its own characteristics in use as a medicine. As you know, drugs fight not only pathogenic, but also beneficial microorganisms. The pharmaceutical industry is looking for drugs that can have a negative effect only on pathogenic bacteria, but today drugs are almost indifferent. In addition, antibiotics have an undesirable side effect on the body, which is already weakened by the disease.
It is impossible to prescribe medications for yourself and take them at your own discretion! After all, it is necessary to know exactly the reason why the disease arose, establish the pathogenic microorganism whose activity caused the infection, determine the type of tonsillitis, its stage, adequately assess the condition of the patient, take into account many nuances - from diseases transferred in the recent past to chronic diseases and body characteristics. Some antibiotics act more sparingly, but cannot cope with a certain type of bacteria, while others, on the contrary, defeat almost any microbe, but at the same time negatively affect the work and condition of almost all organs and systems of the human body. Therefore, in each case, only the doctor decides which is the best antibiotic for sore throat should be used in treatment.