Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the most serious diseases of the bladder. During urination, urine can detect blood. It acquires a specific unpleasant odor. This is due to the fact that the mucous membrane is destroyed, and the walls of the vessels of the organ of the urinary system become thinner. This disease requires quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The causes of the disease
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis can occur for the following reasons:
- ingestion of a viral infection;
- frequent abstinence during urge to urinate, which leads to stretching of the muscle fibers and impaired circulation;
- diseases of internal organs that contribute to a decrease in immunity;
- disturbances in the normal course of contraction of the muscles of the bladder, mainly observed in disorders of the nervous system;
- the presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
- taking certain medications;
- non-observance of personal hygiene;
- radiation therapy;
- decreased immunity, mainly due to endocrine diseases and diabetes;
- diverticulums and stones in the bladder, as well as other obstacles in the form of neoplasms.
Most often, this disease is diagnosed during menopause or pregnancy, when hormonal changes in the body occur. The cause of hemorrhagic cystitis can be a disease associated with the hormonal system.
Bacterial cystitis leads to a hemorrhoidal form quite rarely. But a complication may occur with greatly reduced immunity.
Hemorrhagic cystitis can be caused by certain medications, such as Klostilbegit and Clomiphene based on clomiphene citrate.
A similar disease can occur in men with prostate adenoma.
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
It has been used by states participating in the WHO agreement since 1994. All ICD classes are grouped into 22 categories. In this classification, numbers from 30.0 to 30.9 are assigned to a city. Hemorrhagic cystitis in the ICD has the code N30.2. It refers to a type of chronic disease.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis in women
This is an infectious disease that has similar symptoms with acute cystitis. The main difference is the presence of blood and fetid discharge from urine. Moreover, it can be in the urine both in small quantities and in significant quantities, which color it in red or pink. There are also a number of other symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis:
- sharp pains in the lower abdomen after urination and in the groin;
- a small amount of urine during the implementation of this process;
- more frequent urge to the toilet compared to the usual state (visiting the sanitary room can be up to 40 times a day), and in many cases they do not end with urination;
- malaise and general weakness;
- increase in body temperature.
The acute form of the disease should not become chronic. Immediate treatment is required for symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis.
This pathology is more common in women than in men, and in children more often than in adults.
Chronic form
In case of a chronic illness, the signs of the disease will periodically worsen. Symptoms will sometimes wane, after which a period of remission begins. However, blood will be present continuously in urine. Its amount will gradually increase. This leads to more severe damage to the bladder, which is the cause of the development of dangerous diseases, including various tumors.
In case of untimely treatment, the exit from the bladder may become clogged with blood clots. Urine will not be able to leave the body, resulting in a bladder damage after a certain period of time.
Without treatment, the microflora will spread throughout the body, which can lead to blood poisoning. With advanced forms, kidneys can be affected, pyelonephritis can occur.
The chronic form of the disease in question can also be obtained with an untimely termination of treatment for acute hemorrhagic cystitis, in particular, if patients stop taking antibiotics or antiprotozoal drugs after the disappearance of symptoms of pathology. However, this does not indicate that it is completely cured, the disease goes into a state of remission.
The disease can worsen if there are the following factors:
- urolithiasis;
- exacerbations of pyelonephritis;
- colds
- hypothermia of the body;
- some other ailments.
Initially, the chronic form proceeds in alternations of remissions and exacerbations, but the disease progresses, the muscle fibers of the urinary system are gradually replaced by scar tissue.
Diagnostics
If such symptoms occur, it is necessary to correctly diagnose, since urolithiasis and pyelonephritis have similar symptoms. Therefore, the patient should come to an appointment with a doctor who will direct him to take urine tests.
The disease is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the urine. In a chronic disease, the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia.
With the bacterial nature of the pathology, the type of pathogen is determined by the corresponding sowing. In a hospital, cystoscopy is performed to detect mucosal lesions.
A blood test is also performed. The viral nature is detected by the high content of leukocytes in it, leukocyturia in the urine, and high ESR.
To exclude urolithiasis and the presence of tumors, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.
Analyzes should also be given at the end of treatment so that the drugs are canceled on time in order to prevent the transition of the acute form of the disease to chronic.
Hospital room
Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in women is best done during hospitalization. Here, the bladder is washed, which contributes to the resorption of blood clots formed inside. This will help normalize urination. If this procedure cannot be carried out, cystoscopy using anesthetics is prescribed.
Drug treatment
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in case of its bacterial origin is treated with antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group, which include:
- Ciprofloxacin;
- Norfloxacin and their analogues.
A stronger antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin, which is taken at 250-500 mg 2 times a day for one week, and sometimes several months.
Expectant mothers in the second half of pregnancy can take Monural.
The following groups of drugs are also used to treat hemorrhagic cystitis:
- vitamins of group K and C: "Vikasol", "Ascorutin";
- hemostatic medicines: "Ditsinon", "Etamsylat";
- antispasmodics and analgesics.
Pain and cramps are relieved by the following means:
- No-shpa;
- "Baralgin";
- Diclofenac.
The stopping of bleeding is caused by taking the following drugs:
- "Vikasol";
- Detralex
- "Routine."
The effect of treatment should appear on the 5-7th day. If this is not observed, you need to re-take tests and change drugs, after consulting with your doctor.
The use of herbal remedies
For the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis, "Fitolizin" and "Kanefron" can be used.
The first drug helps dissolve the stones and has a diuretic effect. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps relieve spasms of the bladder. With it, you can reduce the crystallization of the mineral components of urine and wash the sand.
"Kanefron" has an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and diuretic effect. The composition of the drug includes centaury, rosemary and lovage.
You can also use decoctions of chamomile flowers, oak bark, St. John's wort, as well as pharmacy fees with anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties: Fitonefrol, Brusniver.
Ambulatory treatment
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, like its chronic form, require a certain diet.
The following products should not be present in the diet:
- saturated with essential oils and acids;
- smoked and fried foods;
- highly salted;
- sweet
- spicy;
- spicy food;
- carbonated drinks;
- coffee;
- alcohol;
- strong tea.
It is better to add more fruits and vegetables and cereals to the diet.
During treatment it is necessary to consume a large amount of water or to use increased volumes of liquid in the form of fruit drinks and fruit drinks. Cranberry fruit drinks also have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.
In addition, you can use decoctions of yarrow, flax or dill seeds. The first of these herbs is pre-crushed, 2 tbsp. l brewed in a glass of boiling water, after which there is infusion for an hour. After this, the infusion is consumed all day in small portions.
Dill broth is prepared from 1 tsp., Pouring a glass of boiling water. Infusion is carried out 8-10 hours. You need to take it in the morning. In the same way prepare a flax broth.
In addition, you need to use mineral still water, birch sap.
Treatment tips
If a disease such as hemorrhagic cystitis has been diagnosed, you do not need to self-medicate. It is necessary to contact a urologist and take those drugs that he will prescribe. With late treatment, the disease can take a chronic course.
In the treatment of the disease, it is impossible to carry out thermal procedures and take hot baths. This is due to the fact that elevated temperatures can lead to quite serious complications.
In this case, one must not forget to take large volumes of fluid inside, which will enhance the diuretic effect.
Possible complications
The prognosis for the treatment of acute hemorrhagic cystitis is favorable. However, if you do not use appropriate therapy, the following consequences may occur:
- anemia due to constant bleeding;
- spread of infection to other organs of the human body;
- urethral obstruction.
Prevention
Hemorrhagic cystitis in women can be avoided by observing a number of simple rules:
- balanced nutrition with the exception of those products that provoke relapses;
- reception of large volumes of liquid;
- bladder emptying during urges;
- personal hygiene;
- strengthening immunity.
Finally
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a dangerous disease that can lead to various complications with improper treatment and its transition to a chronic form. To prevent such a pathology, one must not overcool, visit the toilet on time when urges occur, observe personal hygiene, prevent the occurrence of urolithiasis and pyelonephritis, use large volumes of liquid. Treatment should be prescribed by a urologist. In complex therapy, folk remedies can be used. Strengthening immunity should be carried out not only by therapeutic methods, but also by rejecting harmful food in the diet. When treatment is started on time, the prognosis of a favorable outcome is high.