Little children are masters in trouble. The thirst for knowing the world makes these tireless fidgets climb everywhere, they strive to touch and touch everything, to determine what object tastes. Naturally, such curiosity is fraught with unpredictable consequences. You can get skin injuries or bone fractures, poison yourself with a chemical or inedible berries, get burned during experiments with matches, stuff small parts of a toy in your nose or ear. Enumerate the consequences of a child’s behavior for a long time. Parents and educators should be prepared to provide first aid to the child.
First of all, you need to react as calmly as possible to what happened so as not to cause a panic reaction in the baby. Cries can’t help! You need to act calmly and instantly. Therefore, the rules of first aid for children need to know well, then the actions will be automatic. The faster you can respond to injury, the better for the baby’s health.
The article discusses the main types of troubles that can happen to a child at home or on the street, in a kindergarten or school. For each specific case, it is described how to carry out first aid for children in such a situation.
Injuries without dissection
If a child hits and the place immediately turns red and hurts, you can’t rub it in any case, as many parents do. First of all, cold should be applied to the bruised place. It can be any metal object, for example, a spoon or ladle. If it’s summer outside, then you can use frozen food from the refrigerator. It is impossible to keep a cold object constantly, as frostbite can be provoked and the situation aggravated. It needs to be removed for a while, then applied again, the item must be wrapped with a napkin or handkerchief.
If such a first aid to the child is unpleasant and he resists, you can use a compress, after holding the towel under cold water. Cooling procedures are done for 5 minutes, it is necessary to repeat the operation several times. On the second day of the procedure, they are warming so that the hematoma resolves faster. To do this, you can make a warm compress or iodine grid. If the bruise is on the limb, then it must be lifted immediately, so as not to provoke edema.
Abrasions and minor wounds
In the warm season, all children suffer from "asphalt" disease, fall and peel off the upper layer of the skin, most often this happens on the knees. Such wounds do not require medical intervention, but the child needs first aid. First of all, the abrasion must be washed under wastewater, as dirt gets into the wound when it falls. Then they treat the damaged area with hydrogen peroxide, moistening a bandage or cotton wool.
If the wound is small and does not get wet, then it is recommended to leave it open so that the place dries faster under the influence of air. If the wound is wet and bleeds, then it is necessary to firmly press it with a bandage and hold for a while. Then it is best to apply a sterile dressing or attach a bactericidal patch.
First aid for a child with a burn
If the child received a thermal burn, then immediately begin to cool the affected area of the skin. Do this under a stream of cold water for a long time, until the pain disappears. You can’t touch the burn with your fingers, as well as lubricate the wound with oil or ointment. If blisters have grown at the burn site, then after cooling, a sterile dressing should be applied and a doctor should be consulted for further help.
If the burn is severe, the clothing is burned and stuck to the body, in no case can you tear it off. You can only trim the hanging edges around. Cool the burn can only be sewage cold water. Ice is applied, pre-wrapped with a napkin. Do not pierce blisters and tear burnt skin. After first aid, children at home need to call an ambulance and go to the hospital for treatment under medical supervision.
The child has a sore ear
Quite often, colds in children are accompanied by inflammatory processes in the hearing organs. Ear pain is sharp and very strong. At the same time, the child becomes lethargic, often cries, clings to the ear, from which discharge can be noticed. First aid for a child with pain in the ear can be provided at home. First you need to relieve severe pain with special means, the doctor will help you choose the drug. Then apply a compress to the sore ear. To do this, several layers of gauze or bandage must be soaked with alcohol and put a bandage around the ear. You can make a hole in the middle, and just put gauze on your ear in this way. On top, the compress is first covered with a plastic bag, on top of which something warm is laid. It can be a woolen shawl or a scarf.
If the pain in the ear is accompanied by fever, then give the baby an antipyretic according to his age. A cotton swab dipped in boric acid helps well. It is inserted into the auricle. In this case, heat is released, which warms the organ from the inside, which leads to relief. If your baby is not the first case of the disease and the doctor has already prescribed drops, then you can instill the drug in the ear, turning the child on its side. Well help with the inflammatory processes "Otipaks" or "Otinum". But treating the ear yourself is not recommended, since there may be several causes of inflammation. The next morning, be sure to visit your doctor for a consultation.
Help with an insect bite
Summer is the time for mosquitoes and other insects, the bites of which bring great concern. A child after a mosquito bite or a small midge can strongly comb the skin, make an infected wound. To prevent microbes from entering, the bite site must be immediately treated. To do this, put a cold compress on your body. It will reduce pain. If severe itching begins, then you can give your child an antihistamine: Suprastin or Loratadin. You can lubricate the wound with antiallergenic ointment, for example, "Fenistilom". First aid for children with folk remedies is as follows:
- put soda gruel in place of the bite;
- wipe with a cotton swab dipped in vinegar or kefir;
- grease with tomato juice;
- put a washed sheet of plantain.
If another child bites a baby
Often young children use various methods of attacking their abuser. Even teeth are used. If this happened to your child, then you need to be able to provide first aid when a child bites another baby. If the skin is not bitten to blood, then it will be enough to wash the wound with laundry soap. If desired, you can lubricate the bite with the "Rescuer" for a quick recovery.
If the skin is bitten to blood, then the wound should be treated with hydrogen peroxide or "Chlorhexin" and seek the help of a doctor.
Bone fracture
It is possible to determine that the child suffered a fracture in the fall by examining the site of the impact. Firstly, the baby will experience severe, sharp pain. Secondly, there is a visible deformation of the bone and the site of impact quickly swells. There is only one conclusion: go to the hospital urgently and take an X-ray. First aid for children is to apply cold to the damaged part of the body and fix the bone to immobilize it.
This requires a splint. At rest should be not only the damaged bone itself, but also adjacent joints on both sides. As a fixer, you can use thick cardboard folded several times, a board, a stick or a piece of plywood. Pre-wrap the tire in layers of gauze or bandage with a clean towel. When transporting, you need to ensure maximum peace for the child. If the fracture is displaced or open, it is better to call an ambulance. Before her arrival, you can only give an anesthetic so that there is no pain shock, and rinse the open wound with an anesthetic. You can’t move in any case.
Poisoning
Children love to taste everything, so parents should be extremely careful not to leave chemicals, drugs, and all kinds of poisons in accessible places. Indeed, in large quantities, even ordinary vitamins can cause poisoning.
If you still did not see it, and the child has eaten something that is not needed, call an ambulance and provide first aid at home. Children with a wet towel need to remove a dangerous substance from their mouths, give them plenty of clean water to drink. It is strictly forbidden to give milk, since poisons will only get into the blood faster. Crush tablets of activated carbon in a metal spoon and give the baby (1 tablet per 10 kg of the child’s weight).
If the child is in an unconscious state, then you need to turn him on his side so that when vomiting he does not choke. You can not independently induce a vomiting reflex. Wait for the doctors.
Electric shock
A baby’s curiosity often has dire consequences. The socket and electrical appliances in the house are dangerous, you need to protect the child from a possible electric shock in advance. Outlets should have plugs, and all wires are best hidden behind furniture or in special boxes. There are times when children bite the wire or suck it, while receiving a strong blow.
If this happens, then first of all you need to turn off the electricity by pulling the wire from the outlet. If this is not possible, then you need to pull the child away from the wire, holding his clothes or wielding a wooden stick. First aid for children consists of sequential actions:
- if the child is unconscious, you need to do artificial respiration and heart massage;
- when the child regained consciousness, it must be turned on its side and an ambulance must be called;
- if there are burns on the body, they must be washed with water for 15 minutes and put on a sterile dressing;
- you can give pain medication.
How to help if the baby choked
A child can choke on small objects that children can put in their mouths and food. The little baby is ground in a blender, but then gradually accustomed to solid food, giving fruits or vegetables pieces. Here, parents should be careful and ensure that the child does not choke on large pieces.
The reaction of parents in providing first aid to children should be instant. The baby needs to be turned upside down and with a palm lightly tap on the back, holding his head. If the child is a preschool age, it will be enough to lay him on his knee, lowering the upper body down. Claps are made on the interscapular zone. If the child begins to vomit, then you need to turn his head to the right side. In no case should you put your fingers in your mouth, trying to get an object. It can only be made worse by pushing it deeper into the airways.
If something gets in your eye
When a foreign body enters the eye, the child immediately begins to rub it, which can damage the shell of the organ of vision. Rinse eyes thoroughly with water, removing a speck of dust, midge or fluff. You can wet a handkerchief with water and try to remove the item yourself. If it does not work out, then let the baby close his eyes, and the adult should slide his fingers towards the lacrimal canal with smooth movements. When a foreign body enters, the organ of vision begins to water abundantly and the object can independently enter the corner of the eye along with the liquid.
If, after removing the dirt, the cornea nevertheless becomes inflamed and conjunctivitis develops, then the eye can be washed with a strong solution of tea without sugar. It is recommended to instill eye drops and consult an optometrist for advice.
Splinter Removal
If a splinter is stuck in the child’s skin, it must be removed using tweezers or a needle. Before the procedure, the instruments are wiped with alcohol or cologne. The needle can be ignited with a lighter. After removing the microbes, you can begin to pull out the sliver. To do this, you need to illuminate the place well and see the direction of movement. They pull her out in the same order in which she went under the skin. If the edge of the splinter is clearly visible, then some use adhesive tape, pulling it in the opposite direction.
If the splinter broke off and disappeared inside under the skin, then you can slightly use a needle to clear her exit and then remove it with tweezers. If she sits deep, that is, effective folk methods that will help pull her out:
- smear the skin with tar;
- put grated raw onions;
- attach a plate of raw potatoes or a cabbage leaf.
After removing the splinter, the skin should be lubricated with an antiseptic and treated with brilliant green or iodine.
Conclusion
The article describes frequent emergency situations in which young children fall. First aid is provided mainly by parents and close people - relatives, kindergarten teachers, nannies. Everyone needs to know the rules of first aid, since helping a child in distress is the business of every person who is next to the victim. Take care of your children, because it is always easier to prevent a disaster than to cure its consequences!