Algorithm for the preparation of disinfectant solutions: types and methods of disinfection

Perhaps we need to start with the fact that the algorithm for preparing disinfectant solutions is not as complicated as it seems at first glance. In the preparation of nurses and nurses, disinfection issues are given special attention. Because it is these people who support the sanitary-epidemiological regime in medical institutions .

Types of disinfection

Working disinfectant solutions are prepared immediately before cleaning. And the characteristics of solutions, such as concentration and volume, also depend on its type. Four types of disinfection can be distinguished:

1. Preventive . It is regularly held in medical institutions to prevent the development of infectious diseases for both patients and staff.
2. Focal . Necessarily carried out by employees of the sanitary-epidemiological station in the focus of infection with infectious diseases. This is necessary to stop the spread of infection and prevent mass infection.
3. Current . Disinfection that "accompanies" the patient. That is, it is carried out wherever there are cases: at home, in the ambulance, in the boxing of the infectious diseases hospital, in the ward.
4. The final one. It is carried out in the foci of infection by specially trained personnel after recovery or death of the patient.

Disinfection methods

The amount and concentration of disinfectant solutions are also taken into account when choosing a disinfection method. The mechanical method involves the removal of microorganisms from the human body, tools and surfaces by washing, washing, wet cleaning or ventilation. This is the easiest way to disinfect, and is often used for pre-cleaning medical instruments.

The chemical method is based on the use of various groups of agents that affect microorganisms. They can create a film on the surface of the instrumentation, they can kill bacteria or stop their growth. The choice of drug depends on the desired final effect. The treatment may be in the form of irrigation, rubbing or falling asleep.

The biological method is based on the confrontation of different types of microorganisms. This allows you to achieve a monoculture of bacteria, which can then be destroyed in any other way. In modern disinfection, this method is no longer used because of its complexity.

The thermal method is one of the most common. This is known to all mothers for boiling, pasteurization, as well as calcination with dry heat and autoclaving. In medical institutions, special rooms are equipped, the so-called TsSO (center for sterilization treatment), where the disinfection of materials and tools takes place.

The radiation or physical method involves the use of ultraviolet rays for the disposal of microorganisms (quartzization).

Classification of disinfectant solutions

The algorithm for preparing disinfectant solutions depends on the main substance, which is used to eliminate microorganisms.

The following groups of drugs are distinguished:

1. Halogen compounds: chlorine, iodine, bromine. As a rule, these are alcohol solutions that are diluted with water. They cleanse the skin well and sterilize surfaces in operating rooms and wards.
2. Separately, chlorine-containing drugs, such as calcium hypochloride, javelion, or chloramil B.
3. For mechanical cleaning of the wound and wiping the instruments, oxygen-containing agents are used: hydrogen peroxide, viron, sidex. When exposed to contaminated sites, they produce abundant foam, which not only kills microbial agents, but also “pushes” them out of the damaged areas.
4. Aldehyde-containing agents - lysoformin and bianol.
5. Surfactants. The most frequent representatives are Samarovka and the Ministry of Transport.
6. Alcohols include preparations based on ethanol, propanol and isopropanol. They form a film on the surface of the skin that prevents bacteria from colonizing. The same principle of action on medical instruments.

Precautions

The algorithm for the preparation of disinfectant solutions includes all available precautions against getting drugs on the mucous membranes, in the respiratory tract or in the stomach. The rules primarily relate to the age of the staff and health status.

1. Only persons who have reached the age of majority are allowed to work with disinfectant solutions. They are required to undergo a medical examination, as well as receive instructions on how to work properly with disinfectants, and sign in the safety journal.
2. Pregnant women, as well as young mothers who breast-feed their babies, are excluded from such work. This is due to the fact that in small doses, drugs still enter the body of the staff, which means they can harm the child.
3. All healthcare providers must wear goggles, respirators and protective gloves to reduce the harmful effects on the body and prevent chemical burns.
4. The staff must undergo a medical examination in order to promptly identify the onset of occupational disease.

Solution preparation

The algorithm for preparing disinfectant solutions is quite simple. To clean surfaces in medical institutions use solutions of bleach. The sequence for powder dilution is as follows:

1. Wear a bathrobe, mask, goggles and protective gloves.
2. Pour a kilogram of dry bleach in a ten-liter bucket. Then slowly pour water (10 l) into this container, gently stirring.
3. Close the bucket with a lid and leave for 24 hours.
4. Strain the solution, pour it into a dark glass bottle, cork tightly and write a label indicating the date and time the solution was prepared.
5. The shelf life of such a disinfectant is a week.