Dysplasia is a disease that is characterized by a violation of the formation of any organs or tissues. There are a huge number of types of this pathology. For example: connective tissue dysplasia, the hard part of the tooth, fibrous and metaepiphyseal dysplasia, as well as the cervix and hip joints. We will focus on the last two, which are most common.
Hip Dysplasia
There are many factors contributing to the development of the disease. Most of them are associated with the course of pregnancy. For instance:
- The bones of the fetus begin to form almost from the very beginning of the bearing of the child until the birth. If the expectant mother eats poorly, then the baby will not receive those necessary trace elements and nutrients that are responsible for strengthening the bone-cartilage apparatus.
- The incorrect location of the child in the abdomen (gluteal previa), lack of water, the presence of uterine fibroids - all this contributes to the fact that the base of the cartilage joint is poorly developed and the formation of its surface does not occur correctly.
- Dysplasia is a disease that can lead to the presence of bad habits of a pregnant woman, provoking improper bone formation.
- An unfavorable environmental atmosphere or a harmful profession for the mother.
- Hereditary factors.
- Late pregnancy.
Dysplasia: degrees
- The first degree (pre-dislocation) is when the hip joint did not have time to fully form, and the displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum did not occur.
- The second degree of dysplasia (subluxation) is congenital underdevelopment of the joint with a slight displacement of the femur.
- The third degree of dysplasia (dislocation) is an incompletely formed joint with complete loss of the femoral head from the articular cavity.
Symptoms of pathology
Dysplasia is a disease that the mother herself can suspect, since many of its symptoms are visible to the naked eye. For instance:
- The presence of asymmetric folds in the buttocks.
- The appearance of additional folds on the thigh, both on the inside and on the outside.
- The inability to breed the baby's legs.
- The presence of a click when breeding legs bent at the hip joint and knees. This is the most obvious symptom of dysplasia, which indicates the reduction of subluxation.
- In more advanced cases, shortening of one lower limb may be observed. It should be borne in mind that the measurements should be carried out as follows: the child lies on his back with legs bent at the knees, and his feet rest on the floor. It is necessary to evaluate the height of the location of the knee joints relative to each other. The affected leg will be lower.
- At the age when the baby begins to walk, dysplasia is already noticeable to everyone around him - he has the so-called duck gait. Lameness on a sore leg can also be observed.
Treatment
Identify the presence of this ailment is necessary as early as possible. Dysplasia is a pathology that manifests itself almost immediately after birth, therefore, for its timely detection, absolutely all babies should undergo a preventive examination by an orthopedist in a timely manner.
Treatment of the disease should consist of procedures that will help keep the hips in the abduction and flexion position of the hip joints. For this, special tapping devices are used, for example Pavlik stirrups (from 1 to 6-8 months) or a tapping bus with tutors (from 6-8 months). All this is mandatory prescribed only by an orthopedic surgeon.
Cervical Dysplasia
This is a disease that is characterized by changes in the epithelium of the cervical tissue. This pathology occurs in 2 women out of 1000.
The main cause of dysplasia is the presence of a malignant type of human papilloma virus in the body (No. 16 and No. 18). About a year after these microorganisms enter the epithelial cells, they begin to change their composition.
Factors causing the development of the disease
- Smoking.
- Multiple births.
- Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.
- Partner disease with penile head cancer.
- Genetic predispositions.
- STDs that cause a decrease in immunity.
- Non-observance of personal hygiene.
Dysplasia treatment
There are several methods of getting rid of this pathology:
- Observation of pathology. It is used at the initial stage of the disease. In more than half of cases, the disease goes away on its own.
- Laser burning, cryotherapy, or surgery to remove a damaged area of the uterus.
- Complete removal of the uterus.