Sinusitis: signs and treatment of the disease at home

Every person must know about the signs and treatment of sinusitis. This disease, correctly referred to as sinusitis, is very common. It manifests itself as inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses.

What causes its occurrence? What symptoms indicate the presence of this ailment? And, most importantly, how to treat it? This and much more should now be told in full detail.

Etiology

Before you start the story about the symptoms and treatment of sinusitis, you need to pay a little attention to the causes and prerequisites for its development.

As a rule, this disease is caused by chlamydia, streptococci, fungi, staphylococci, viruses, hemophilus bacillus, as well as mycoplasma. In adults, most often the disease occurs due to the ingestion of a virus. Typically, these are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

In children, most often the disease develops as a result of exposure to the body of mycoplasma or chlamydia. In patients with weakened immunity, as well as in seriously ill patients, sinusitis is caused by saprophytic and fungal microflora.

The effects of predisposing factors must also be considered. In this case, these include conditions and ailments that complicate the ventilation of the maxillary sinus, which contributes to the infection entering the cavity. You can select them in the following list:

• Rhinitis of any etiology (acute and chronic).
• ARVI.
• Pharyngitis and tonsillitis of a chronic nature.
• Adenoids.
• Caries on the upper molars.
• Narrow nasal passages from birth.
• Surgical intervention, which was performed on the alveolar process of the upper jaw, or on the teeth.
• Curved nasal septum.

It is important to make a reservation that the risk of developing the disease under discussion increases significantly in the fall and winter. This is due to a natural decrease in immunity.

Productive Sinusitis

The signs, symptoms and treatment of sinusitis of this form must be mentioned first of all, since the ailment requires specific therapy. Productive sinusitis is not only accompanied by inflammation of the mucosa - its dystrophy also occurs. This form of the disease can go into a more serious condition:

• Polypous sinusitis. Based on the name, you can understand what it is fraught with. Polyps begin to form on the mucous membrane, which block the path of waste secretions, and also interfere with normal breathing. Symptoms are manifested: lack of smell, discomfort, difficulty swallowing. If therapy does not help, an operation to remove the formed polyps is prescribed.
• Hyperplastic sinusitis. It is characterized by excessive thickening of the mucous membrane. Of the specific symptoms, one can also note impaired breathing. The reason is a curved septum, the correction of which is possible through surgery.

Also, in some cases, a cyst grows in the nose. It is a benign tumor that is filled with fluid. If it is not removed, it will grow. In the future, the cyst can completely block breathing.

So, if a person has noticed the first signs of sinusitis, treatment and therapy should be started immediately (of course, for this it is necessary to undergo examination and diagnosis). After all, if the disease progresses, then it will be difficult to manage with medicines - an operation will be needed. Only she is able to save a person from the manifestations and consequences of sinusitis in a productive form.

Exudative sinusitis

Now you can proceed to the study of the signs and treatment of sinusitis of this form. For an illness of this type, a change in the sinus mucosa is characteristic.

Symptoms of exudative sinusitis can be distinguished in such a list:

• Pain syndrome of a specific nature. A person is disturbed by unpleasant sensations in the sinus area, but also they can spread to the entire head. However, pain is clearly dependent on body position. With head tilts and nods, it is significantly enhanced. If a person takes a lying position, then decreases. Why? Because at such moments, exudate in the sinus cavity is redistributed.
• Detachable from the nose masses. Until they become infected with bacteria, they usually have a whitish color or are completely transparent. The consistency of the discharge is fluid or mucous. When the bacterial flora joins, the masses turn yellow, green or even brown. The consistency also becomes thicker, an unpleasant odor may appear.
• General weakness, fever, stuffy nose, lost sense of smell, trouble sleeping.

It is important to make a reservation that one-sided accumulation in the sinus of the fluid is much easier. But the bilateral process is characterized by a pronounced clinical picture, and is also characterized by a particularly serious condition of the patient. Of course, it is complicated more often.

Principles of Therapy

The signs of sinusitis were briefly reviewed above. And now you can also talk about treatment. In the case of this form of the disease, therapeutic measures should be aimed at eliminating the negative symptoms, which determine the poor health of a person.

In addition, one of the main tasks is the destruction of pathogenic microflora. This is important, because it is pathogenic bacteria that provoke the development of the disease.

If you correctly determine the methods and means of treatment, and do not hesitate with therapy, then you will be able to quickly stop sinusitis. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first alarming symptoms. After all, if the disease is left to chance, then the occurrence of complications will not take long. It is even possible transition to a chronic form.

Vasoconstrictor drops

As part of the topic regarding the symptoms of sinusitis in adults and the treatment of an ailment, it is worth listing the means used to eliminate the symptoms and the ailment itself directly.

In case of exudative disease, the doctor prescribes vasoconstrictor drops first. After all, it is they who reduce the swelling of the mucous epithelium and minimize the amount of exudate produced. Typically, such drops are prescribed:

• "Rinostop." It begins to act a few minutes after application. The action lasts up to 10 hours. The drug effectively eliminates flushing and swelling of the mucous membrane, facilitates breathing and restores normal patency of the nasal passages.
• Otrivin. The peculiarity of this drug is a balanced pH value, which is characteristic of the nasal cavity. It also has a cooling effect due to the composition of eucalyptol and menthol.
• Xymelin. Well suited for therapeutic purposes, as it has an alpha-adrenomimetic effect. Hyperemia does not cause mucous membranes. The action lasts up to 12 hours after using the drops.
• "Nesopin." The use of this tool containing eucalyptus oil also eliminates puffiness. Its action lasts from 8 to 12 hours.
• Afrin. Another well-known long-acting remedy. These drops narrow the vessels of the nasal mucous membranes, the Eustachian tube, and also the sinuses. They are allowed to be used in various conditions - starting with allergies, ending with infectious and inflammatory rhinitis. By the way, it includes sodium carmellose and several other excipients, thanks to which the drops do not drain into the throat, but are retained on the nasal mucosa.

Discussing ways to eliminate the symptoms of sinusitis in adults, and the treatment of this disease, it should also be noted that you can still use drops of "Nazol", "Sialorrino" and "Nazivin." They have a similar effect, and their effect is quite long. There is also “Rinonorm”, “Snoop”, “Rinorus”, “Otrivin” and “Galazolin” - high-quality drugs, but they take less time.

Steroid drops

Since we are talking about signs of sinusitis in adults and the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to mention the use of drugs from this category.

Steroid drops are prescribed if any allergen has become a predisposing factor for exudative sinusitis. Such drugs help to quickly get rid of inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane.

They are suitable for long-term use, as they act locally, and not on the whole body. However, the doctor determines the scheme and duration of therapy, but usually it is three weeks.

Here are the well-known drugs from this group:

• "Nazonex". It quickly stops the inflammatory process that develops in the upper respiratory tract. It can help even with a chronic disease.
• "Desrinitis." Gradually weakens, and then completely eliminates inflammation, symptoms and signs of sinusitis in adults. Treatment and therapy with this drug, by the way, is also possible if a child is sick. "Desrinitis" is prescribed from two years.
• Flixonase. For a short time period it helps to get rid of inflammation, it also significantly improves the patient's condition - such a general effect is observed already 2-4 hours after application. Burning, swelling, itching, and nasal congestion disappear. What is important - after one use, the effect lasts a day.
• Avamis. One of the safest steroid drugs. It can even be used to eliminate signs of sinusitis in a child. And treatment with this drug, it should be noted, is very effective. It also helps to cope with allergies.
• "Nasobek." It is also an anti-inflammatory. Contains beclomethasone, and therefore partially depresses the immune system.
• Aldetsin. Another well-known steroid drug that has a positive effect on the functional parameters of external respiration.

Antibiotics

You can’t do without their reception if the disease has a bacterial origin. A person who does not take antibiotics is at great risk - purulent exudate accumulating in the sinuses can “break through” at any time. This is fraught with brain damage. And this condition is dangerous for the development of meningitis or encephalitis.

A doctor prescribes drugs of this category (however, like any other). Two diagnostic tests are mandatory, which include bacteriological culture and an antibioticogram. This should not be neglected. Starting self-medication with antibiotics, the patient is at great risk - the wrong drug can cause anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema.

Here are the means a doctor can prescribe:

• Penicillin preparations. They are used in the treatment of mild sinusitis. There are practically no side effects from using penicillins. The list of drugs: Ampiside, Sultamicillin, Augmentin, Sulbacin, Amoxiclav, Flemoklav.
• Macrolides. If the human body does not perceive penicillins, then medicines of this series are prescribed to him. The list of drugs: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Josamycin, Midecamycin, Azithromycin, Zitrolide, Azitrus, Spiramycin.
• Fluoroquinols. They are very highly effective, most pathogenic microorganisms do not have resistance to them. The list of drugs: “Hemifloxacin”, “Unicpev”, “Cifrinol”, “Avelox”, “Levofloxacin”, “Normax”, “Tarivid”.
• Cephalosporins. These funds are not prescribed in cases where, for example, it is necessary to eliminate the earliest symptoms (when the ailment proceeds even without fever). Symptoms of sinusitis in adults (and treatment, respectively) must be very serious in order for a person to be prescribed cephalosporins. Usually there is a threat of brain damage, or a transition to a chronic form of development. Cephalosporins are also prescribed if other antibiotics are ineffective. The list of drugs: Zaftera, Cefepim, Ceftriaxone, Zinacef, Mefoxin, Ceflexin.

If a person has very serious signs and symptoms of sinusitis, treatment without antibiotics is not complete. Their reception is required if any of the following is present:

• Pressing sensations localized in the forehead and nose. Amplified by turning the head.
• Significantly elevated body temperature, fever.
• Pain in the orbits and frontal lobes.
• Difficult nasal breathing, which becomes even harder at night.
• Profuse discharge of purulent exudate.
• Intense headaches, which even potent painkillers do not help to cope with.

If you do not start treatment at home in time for sinusitis, its signs will only intensify. The disease can affect the brain, and the consequences of this development are unpredictable.

Folk remedies

The elimination of signs, symptoms of sinusitis in adults, and the treatment of this disease requires a professional approach. However, many resort to folk remedies. Some of them can really contribute to treatment. Here are the tools that are considered the most effective:

• Drops from aloe. It is necessary to cut several leaves of the plant, which are at least 2 years old. Before this, you need to stop watering for a day. Wrap the cut leaves in paper and place on the lower shelf of the refrigerator. They must be kept there for at least 3 days, and preferably 2 weeks. Then the sheets are washed and squeezed out of them with gauze. This liquid must be instilled in the nose 2-3 times a day for a week.
• Drops with honey. To prepare this remedy, you also need aloe juice: one tablespoon, to be precise. It must be poured into a dark glass vial and mixed with liquid May honey (0.5 tsp). Use such drops 3 times a day. They can be stored for no more than four days, and always in the refrigerator.
• Ointment from laundry soap. You need to take this product and grind it. Then melt in a water bath (just 1 tbsp. L.), Add a small piece of propolis, and 1 tsp. aloe juice, onions and honey. When the mixture becomes homogeneous, you can remove the container from the fire. The resulting ointment must be cooled, then you can use it. The mixture is applied to a cotton swab, and then placed in the nostril for 10-15 minutes.
• Means based on Vishnevsky ointment. To make it, you must first bake in the oven one onion, so that it becomes soft. Then, when it cools down, it is crushed into gruel, and then mixed with Vishnevsky ointment and honey. Components need a little, just such an amount that the mass becomes in consistency similar to thick sour cream. Then they are used in the same way as the previous one.
• Kalanchoe ointment. The composition of this tool is similar to the previous one. It is necessary to take 0.5 tsp. Vishnevsky ointments and add three drops of Kalanchoe juice, onion and cyclamen there. You can use this tool after 1 day for a week.
• Drops based on cyclamen. They are easy to cook. The root of the plant must be properly cleaned and then finely grated. Using gauze, squeeze the juice. Then dilute in equal proportions with water. Use daily, instilling 2 drops in each nostril once.
• Infusion of cyclamen. Another remedy used to eliminate signs of sinusitis in adults, and the treatment of this disease. To make it, you need to take 4 grams of root and pour it with a glass of boiling water. When the composition has cooled, you can strain. Use daily for a week, 3 drops in each nostril, morning and evening.
• Horse Chestnut Candle. This unusual remedy is actively used in the home treatment of sinusitis. Signs of the disease go away pretty quickly after the start of such therapy. The actions are as follows: first, the fetus is soaked in warm saline for one night. In the morning, cut out a triangular candle, then fix it on a safety pin. After this, the person, leaning forward, must introduce the resulting product into the nostril. In 10-15 minutes, the accumulated exudate will come out. You can use this tool once a day.
• Drops of sea buckthorn. You need to take 50 grams of berries and chop them well. Then add the same amount of olive oil to the mixture and put it in the refrigerator for 24 hours. After the time has passed, strain. Use 2 drops in each nostril three times a day.
• Drops of fresh beets. It is impossible not to mention this tool, which is actively used to treat sinusitis at home. And the signs of the disease, by the way, really disappear quite quickly. To make such drops, you need to finely grate the fresh beets, and then squeeze out the juice with gauze. In a ratio of 1: 3, dilute with boiled water at room temperature. Apply the resulting mixture three times a day, 3 drops in each nostril. One week is enough.
• Drops based on garlic juice. , 20 . ( 6 ). . – , .

With the help of these products, the signs of sinusitis are often eliminated. And treatment with folk remedies, according to reviews, can be very effective. The main thing is not to abuse them, like any medicine. And it is advisable to consult with your doctor first.

Rinsing

Much has been said above about the symptoms of sinusitis, symptoms and treatment. Where it hurts with this disease, as well as what medications should be taken, is also clear. Now you need to talk about such a popular home treatment method as washing.

Here are the three most popular solutions used in this procedure:

• Saline. Preparing is elementary. It is necessary to dissolve one teaspoon of salt in boiling water (250-500 ml), and then strain the liquid additionally. When the mixture has cooled to a comfortable temperature, it can be used. Wash the nose with a solution gently, without retracting movements. By the way, the same composition can be used for inhalation. It is enough to moisten a small piece of linen in it, then spread it on the face, and leave it for 10 minutes.
• Chamomile. It is also actively used in eliminating the symptoms of sinusitis and treating the disease. You need to take chamomile flowers (3 g) and pour boiling water (250 ml). Insist for 40 minutes. Then strain. You can use the composition twice a day.
• Furacilin. You need to take one tablet and dissolve in boiling water (100 ml). Keep the mixture on fire for about 3 minutes. After that cool. Then you can apply.

It should be noted that to eliminate the symptoms of sinusitis and the treatment of various forms of the disease, weak solutions of potassium permanganate and chlorhexidine are still used. They can be used up to four times a day. The most important thing is to make a truly non-concentrated solution. Overdoing the dosage, you can simply burn the nasal mucosa, which will only complicate the course of the disease.

Inhalation

It is also necessary to talk about this method of treatment, since it is a question of the signs and treatment of sinusitis in a child and adults.

Absolutely everyone can do inhalation, it is very simple. That's only in the case of sinusitis (especially if it has just begun to develop) is it prohibited. Such a procedure will only enhance the inflammatory process. Inhalation can even lead to negative consequences.

It must be remembered that fever, fever, purulent inflammation, as well as cardiac pathologies are absolute contraindications to the use of inhalations.

However, although this procedure does not have any benefit in treating the first signs of sinusitis, it will become very appropriate in cases where chronic sinusitis is in remission. Inhalations with the addition of essential oils, isotonic or soda solutions, as well as propolis, chamomile or eucalyptus can reduce the severity of inflammation and significantly improve the ventilation ability of the sinuses.

It is worth listing a few effective options that are allowed even to eliminate signs of sinusitis in a child. Treatment and therapy should definitely be supplemented with the following inhalations:

• 30 large bay leaves pour boiling water (1 liter). Cook for five minutes over low heat, then still insist for an hour. Then you can use it for its intended purpose - inhale warm fumes, covering yourself with a blanket.
• Mix in a ratio of 2: 3: 2 plantain, mint and celandine. Take 4 tbsp. l the resulting collection, send to a boil over moderate heat for five minutes. When the composition has cooled to a comfortable temperature, inhalation can be done. This collection should be alternated with others. You can combine raspberries, eucalyptus and calendula (3: 1: 1) or celandine with yarrow, chamomile and hypericum (1: 3: 2: 1).
• In a liter of hot water, dilute 6-7 drops of essential oil. It is best to use what is made from eucalyptus, geranium, tea tree, fir, mint or pine.

Also, to eliminate the signs of sinusitis and treat the disease, inhalation is often done with a nebulizer. They are allowed even with severe inflammation. And if the previous options are applicable only to eliminate signs of sinusitis and treatment in adults without temperature, then inhalation through a nebulizer can be done even under this condition.

It's simple. A few drops of the drug are mixed with 2-3 ml of saline and inhaled. Usually vasoconstrictive drops, Isofra spray, Bioparox aerosol and Polydex drops are used. Inhalations, performed according to all the rules within 7-10 days, will help to quickly get rid of sinusitis and protect yourself from the consequences.

Applications

Continuing to talk about eliminating the symptoms of sinusitis and treating folk remedies for this disease, it is worth listing some more effective procedures. Applications are very popular. Especially the following:

• A paraffin candle must be melted in a water bath. After that, apply the resulting mass to the region of the maxillary sinuses and forehead. Then cover your face with a film and insulate it. Enough 10 such procedures performed daily.
• Boil hard boiled eggs. When they are ready, wrap them in a cloth and apply to the sinuses until they cool.
• Grate black radish with peel. Then wrap in cloth. Apply the resulting application to the maxillary sinuses, after having lubricated the skin with oil. Insulate this area and wait 10 minutes. Do this procedure daily for a week.
• Soak a bandage made of wool in a strong saline solution. Put it on the sinus area, and then cover it with a towel.
• Take 30 grams of bay leaf, pour 1 liter of boiling water, let it brew for several minutes. Shortly before going to bed, make an application on the bridge of the nose and forehead. Also insulate and stand until it cools down.

Those applications that involve temperature exposure are allowed to be used only for chronic sinusitis, which is not in the acute stage.

Conclusion

Much has been said above about the signs of sinusitis in adults. What treatment measures are used to eliminate the symptoms is also clear. What can be said in conclusion?

The fact that any of the funds listed is allowed to be used only after consultation with your doctor. Only a specialist will talk about the advisability of using one or another method. Sometimes even the most harmless folk remedy can be harmful if a person has individual contraindications.

Speaking about the signs, causes and treatment of sinusitis, I would also like to recall the importance of preventive measures. The risk of contracting sinusitis can be minimized by following these steps:

• Prevention of colds, proper nutrition, hardening and intake of vitamins.
• Timely treatment of any disease.
• Compliance with hygiene rules.
• Strengthening immunity.

But any treatment for sinusitis must begin with the consultation of an otolaryngologist. No need to risk your health and run such a serious disease.