For those who do not like to read the inserts in packs of tablets, this instructions for use has been created. "Nevigramon" is an antibiotic from the group of fluoroquinolones. Use it to treat infectious diseases of the genitourinary system and the gastrointestinal tract. It has a number of advantages, but there are also disadvantages.
Structure
The main active ingredient is nalidixic acid in an amount of 500 milligrams.
Excipients are represented in small proportions: silica colloid (enterosorbent), stearic acid, yellow quinoline, gelatin, titanium dioxide.
The form
"Nevigramon" is issued (the instructions for use should also contain such information) in the form of hard gelatin capsules. They are opaque, yellow. They are in a bottle of dark glass, 56 pieces each.
pharmachologic effect
The principle of its bactericidal, bacteriostatic and antibacterial action is to partially inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA. This reduces the speed of their reproduction (cidal effect) and leads to a halt in the life of existing microbial bodies (static effect). The nature of the action depends on the concentration of the drug in the blood and on the resistance of the pathogen. Clinically proven the effectiveness of Nevigramon against gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia, Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella. Destroys strains that are immune to sulfonamides and other antibiotics. With prolonged use, it can cause flora stability. Due to the specific structure of the cell wall, there is no effect on gram-positive microorganisms.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract for ten to fifteen minutes. The bioavailability of the drug is quite high - 96% when taken orally. Communication with blood proteins - 93%. The maximum concentration reaches two hours after administration. It is metabolized by the liver, and metabolic products are excreted by the kidneys. The elimination half-life is one and a half to two and a half hours, but if liver function is inhibited, it can be prolonged to 21 hours. Penetrates through the placenta, the BBB, excreted in breast milk.
Indications for use
For doctors prescribing Nevigramon, the instructions for use regulate the nosological categories of use:
- infections of the genitourinary system (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis);
- inflammation of the gallbladder and bile ducts;
- infections of the gastrointestinal tract;
- for the prevention of complications after operations on the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder).
Contraindications
There are relative and absolute contraindications for use. So, for example, children under 12 years of age, pregnant and lactating are not recommended to take "Nevigramon". Instructions for use for children notes that up to the age of 18, you need to prescribe the medicine with caution. Such limitations are associated with a negative effect on the cartilage tissue and the nervous system. These are relative contraindications. The absolute ones include:
- hypersensitivity to the active substance or additional components;
- Parkinson's disease;
- epilepsy;
- cerebral arteriosclerosis;
- acute or chronic hepatic / renal failure;
- porphyria;
- deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (due to metabolic disorders of the drug cumulating it in the body).
As you can see, people with genetically determined diseases are prohibited from prescribing Nevigramon. Instructions for use for children do not give clear instructions regarding the effect of nalidixic acid on the fetus, but given the negative effect on cartilage, in the first trimester and last month of pregnancy, it is better to refuse to take the drug.
Dosage and administration
For adults, the course of treatment is 4 grams of the drug per day, that is, 2 tablets 4 times a day. The duration of therapy should not be less than a week. If clinical recovery has not occurred within the allotted time, then administration is continued at 0.5 grams 4 times a day.
In those rare cases when the drug is prescribed for children over 12 years old (and weighing more than 40 kilograms), the daily dose is calculated based on the rule of 50 mg per kilogram. The resulting number is divided into 3-4 doses. When the effect of treatment is achieved, they switch to maintenance therapy at 30 mg per kilogram of weight.
There is no particular indication of when it is best to drink Nevigramon. Instructions for use indicate that an hour before meals is the best time.
Side effects
Usually, difficulties with taking the medicine do not arise, but in isolated cases, negative reactions of the body are possible, such as weakness, drowsiness, headache, dizziness. Less commonly - convulsions, increased intracranial pressure, hypomanic conditions against the background of a previous mental disorder.
Sometimes side effects are observed from the side of the visual system: double vision, difficulty focusing, decreased vision. However, after discontinuation of the drug, everything comes to a hole.
Some patients report nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Hypersensitivity reactions to drug components are manifested by urticaria, itching, and an increase in the eosinophil fraction in peripheral blood. In rare cases, anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema is possible.
Overdose
If the patient's weight is less than 40 kilograms or reception rules have not been followed, an overdose of the drug may develop. It manifests itself in nausea, vomiting, headache against the background of increased intracranial pressure, convulsions, psychosis, displacement of CBS towards acidification of the internal environment, and can even end in a coma.
There is no specific antidote. In a hospital, washing is carried out, maintenance therapy and monitoring of the condition are prescribed up to the full leveling of overdose symptoms.
Analogs
Often a difficult financial situation, contraindications or lack of a drug in the hospital network force doctors not to prescribe Nevigramon. Instructions for use analogues call the following: "Negram", "Nalidixic acid." They have all the necessary effects of fluoroquinolones, but can be more easily tolerated by patients, be more affordable financially. Be sure to consult your doctor before replacing the drug.
Reviews
It is clear that before using the product, the instructions for use attached to the Nevigramon preparation must be studied. Reviews about him, however, are also of great importance, as they will help the patient to get information about the effectiveness of the drug and about possible adverse reactions. As a rule, mostly comments about the effectiveness of the drug are positive. Adverse conditions rarely develop, and bacteria do not have time to develop resistance.
Additional Information
As with other medicines, you need to be careful when combining them with Nevigramon during treatment. It enhances the effect of tableted anticoagulants, but antibiotics, on the contrary, weaken its effect. It is forbidden to drink alcohol due to the potentiation of the effects of the central nervous system.
Research results are known in which the side effect of the drug indicated a negative effect on cartilage in animals in the process of growth and puberty. Therefore, the drug should be prescribed to children only in case of emergency.
The doctor must inform the patient that exposure to direct sunlight should be avoided, as increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light may appear. If this still happened - the drug is canceled.
The medicine reduces the reaction speed, attention, besides, it can affect the quality of vision, therefore, it is not recommended to manage complex mechanisms and drive a car.
If in the course of treatment it is necessary to make a urine test for glucose, then it can be false positive. Also, during long-term treatment, it is recommended to monitor liver and kidney function.
Young doctors prescribe Nevigramon quite freely. Instructions, patient reviews, clinical randomized trials, the experience of senior comrades should influence their opinion and force them to act with more caution. And patients, in turn, are strongly advised not to self-medicate.
We hope that you have found this information about Nevigramon useful. Instructions for use, described in detail in the review, will help you correctly take this drug.