Not so often, but we still hear such a terrible word as necrosis. That, probably, everyone knows. There are a number of reasons why this phenomenon is rapidly developing. In order to figure out how to help a person who, due to one reason or another, begins to die tissue, we must understand why it occurs and how it can be prevented.
Necrosis. What is it?
Necrosis is the death of tissues or cells in a still living organism. This process goes through several stages:
- necrobiosis;
- paranecrosis;
- cell death;
- autolysis.
At these stages, changes occur in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and interstitial matter, which cause only necrosis. What are these processes? In the core, wrinkling occurs (karyopicnosis), breaking into clumps (karyorexis), dissolution (karyolysis). In the cytoplasm, coagulation begins, followed by protein denaturation, then plasmorexis,
plasmolysis. The interstitial substance undergoes fibrinolysis, elastolysis and the formation of lipogranulomas.
Species classification
Having figured out how this necrosis goes, what it is, we have come to sort this phenomenon into categories. Distinguish it by several types of classification. In etiology, allergic, toxic, traumatic, vascular, trophoneurotic necrosis is isolated.
In pathogenesis, a direct and indirect form is distinguished. To the direct carry toxic and traumatic, and to indirect - all the others. In the clinical anatomical system, coagulation or dry, collication or wet, sequestration, gangrene, heart attack are distinguished.
Causes of occurrence
Usually, due to the cessation of blood flow to tissues or exposure to pathogenic products from viruses, bacteria, necrosis occurs. What else can this disease cause? Destruction of tissue by an agent (physical or chemical), an allergic reaction, exposure to too high or too low temperatures. In addition, this symptom is the result of diseases such as, for example, syphilis. Necrosis after surgery is also not uncommon.
Symptom Sequence
After a series of symptoms, if you do not take measures to remove the tissue affected by necrosis, a general death occurs, which is divided, in turn, into clinical (reversible) and biological (a possible option is social death when the brain dies).
The first signal that something is wrong in the body is a feeling of numbness and a complete lack of sensitivity at the site of the lesion. Due to improper circulation, the skin turns pale, then turns blue, blackens, and finally becomes dark green. Necrosis in the lower extremities can manifest itself in fatigue when walking, cramps, feeling cold. As a result, ulcers of an atrophic nature appear that do not heal.
Later, the central nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver begin to fail. Immunity is reduced due to emerging blood diseases and anemia. Metabolism is finally upset, exhaustion, hypovitaminosis and overwork are fully manifested.
Tissue necrosis. Treatment
In this case, simply lotions and pills will not help. At the first sign or suspicion of necrosis, you should immediately consult a doctor. X-rays and blood tests in the primary stages are not very effective as a diagnostic method. Both of these methods will help determine only the second and subsequent stages of necrosis. That is why, in this case, it is worthwhile to undergo examination on modern equipment (for example, MRI). There are several treatment methods: gentle, functional and conservative. Only a doctor determines the effectiveness of a particular option in a particular case. So we figured out how necrosis occurs, what it is and how to diagnose and treat it.