The drug "Ospamox" is part of the beta-lactam antibiotic group. The medication has an antimicrobial effect of a pronounced nature. The active component of the drug is amoxicillin.
pharmachologic effect
The active component of the drug - amoxicillin - is a semi-synthetic substance that is part of the aminopenicillin group. They, in turn, belong to the penicillin series of antimicrobial medicines. The medicine "Ospamox" describes the instructions for use as an antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action. The tool has a strong bactericidal effect. The mechanism of activity of the drug is determined by its ability to inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which forms the basis of the membrane of bacterial cells. Due to the violation of the wall structure, its destruction and subsequent lysis of microorganisms occur.
Action spectrum
The antibiotic Ospamox has an effect on gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Resistance (resistance) have strains that produce beta-lactamases. This, in particular, applies to penicillinase, since amoxicillin is destroyed under its influence.
Suction
When taken orally, the Ospamox medication is absorbed quickly enough in the digestive system. Absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine. Depending on the dose taken, the bioavailability of the drug is 75-90%. Eating does not affect the speed and completeness of absorption. Within one to two hours, the maximum concentration of the drug in the plasma is achieved. Communication with proteins is rather low - about 17%.
Distribution
Ospamox medication penetrates well into various biological fluids, as well as body tissues. Concentrations of clinical importance are found in the secret and sputum of the bronchial system. The drug passes the hematoplacental barrier well. In the tissues of the fetus and amniotic fluid, sufficiently high concentrations are created. A small amount of the active substance is found in milk. The active component of the drug "Ospamox" does not pass the blood-brain barrier. In patients with meningitis, the concentration of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid is about 20% of the total amount taken. With normal liver activity in bile, a high content of the drug is found. About 7-25% of the drug is metabolized in the body with the subsequent formation of penicillinic acid, a pharmacologically inactive product.
Breeding
It is carried out mainly by the kidney system (about 60-80%). The drug is excreted both in the form of decay products, and in unchanged form. The remainder is excreted with bile. With normal renal function, the elimination half-life is 1-1.5 hours, with kidney failure 5-20 hours. The active substance is excreted during hemodialysis.
Indications
The Ospamox medication is recommended for use in patients suffering from pathologies provoked by microorganisms that are sensitive to amoxicillin. In particular, the drug is effective in infectious diseases in the ENT organs and upper respiratory tract. These include sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media (acute), laryngitis, tonsillitis and others. Ospamox is also recommended for use in infectious lesions of the lower respiratory system. Indications, in particular, include bacterial pneumonia, chronic and acute bronchitis, an abscess in the lungs. The medicine “Ospamox” is prescribed (the instructions for use confirm this information) for infectious pathologies of the soft tissues and skin. These include, but are not limited to, dermatoses, secondarily infected, erysipelas, impetigo. Recommended medication for infections in the digestive system. In particular, indications are typhoid fever, salmonellosis, dysentery. The medicine "Ospamox" instructions for use allow for prescription as a prophylactic. In particular, it is recommended for patients predisposed to the development of endocarditis. The medication is also used during operations. The medicine can be prescribed for patients with peritonitis, leptospirosis, cholecystitis, listeriosis, Lyme disease, meningitis and sepsis.
Ospamox tablets: instructions for use
The medicine is intended for oral administration. The tablet can be divided into parts or swallowed whole. It can also be diluted in a glass of water. Patients from 10 years old (with body weight more than 40 kg) are recommended at 0.5 g 3 r. / Day. In case of severe infection, the dosage is 0.75-1 g 3 r. / Day. (this information contains the instructions for use attached to the drug "Ospamox"). For children, the dosage is set depending on age. So, for patients aged 5-10 years, 0.25, 2-5 - 0.125 g is prescribed, up to 2 years - 20 mg / kg. The frequency of administration is three times a day (this is recommended by the instructions for use in the package with Ospamox 250 (tablets). In severe cases of pathology in patients under two years of age, 60 mg / kg is allowed. The frequency is also 3 p. / Day. The duration of treatment is 5-12 days.
Dosage for adults
In case of gonorrhea (acute uncomplicated), the Ospamox 1000 preparation is recommended for use once. Dosage - 3 g. In the treatment of women, it is recommended to take the same amount again. In the treatment of diseases of the digestive system and biliary tract of an acute nature, as well as gynecological pathologies, 1.5-2 g are prescribed three times or 1-1.5 four times a day. With leptospirosis, the dose is 0.5-0.75 g 4 r. / Day. The duration of therapy is 6-12 days. In the treatment of salmonella carriage, it is recommended three times a day for 1.5-2 g. Therapy is 2-4 weeks. As a prophylactic, the drug is prescribed 3-4 g per hour before surgery. After 8-9 hours, if necessary, appoint a second appointment. For children, the dosage is halved.
Syrup "Ospamox": instructions for use
For children, the drug is prescribed depending on age and weight. Patients are allowed to take medication for up to a year. The dosage of the drug "Ospamox 250" (suspension), the instructions for use for infants (preterm in particular) recommends reducing or increasing the interval between doses. As a rule, the recommended dose is 30-50 mg / kg. Do not dilute the suspension with milk or tea. The child can be given a drink after taking the medicine. Patients 1-3 years old are prescribed 2.5-5 ml, 3-6 - 5-7.5 ml of Ospamox 250. Instructions for use recommend drinking the medicine twice a day. For patients from 6 years of age, the frequency of admission is the same. Patients 6-10 years old are prescribed 2.5-5 ml, 10-14 - 5-7.5 ml of Ospamox 500. Instructions for use also allow the appointment of a medication as a prophylactic before surgical interventions. In this case, the dosage is 50 mg / kg of weight one hour before the start of manipulations. If necessary, a second dose of Ospamox 500 may be prescribed. Instructions for use recommend giving the drug no earlier than 6 hours after the first time.
Side effects
About them warns the instructions for use attached to the drug "Ospamox". A suspension, for example, can provoke a disturbance in the digestive tract, nausea, vomiting, and stool disorders. Some patients may experience dry mouth, tooth discoloration (reversible), and taste disorders. Very rarely observed staining of the tongue in a dark color. The negative consequences of taking the drug "Ospamox" should include increased activity of enzymes in the liver, flatulence, anorexia, hyperkinesia, dizziness. Some patients experience a headache with medication. When taking high doses, as well as in patients with impaired renal function, convulsions are likely. In some cases, interstitial nephritis, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia may develop. Along with taking the medicine "Ospamox", an allergy may appear. It can be expressed in the form of urticaria, rash, itching, allergic vasculitis. In addition, the occurrence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Quincke's edema, necrolysis (toxic epidermal), exfoliative dermatitis is likely. In rare cases, anaphylactic shock is noted. Single patients developed drug fever. With prolonged or repeated administration of the drug, superinfection is likely to occur. In particular, patients may have vaginal or oral candidiasis.
Contraindications
The drug "Ospamox" is not recommended for individual sensitivity to the components of the drug, as well as other drugs of the beta-lactam antibiotic group. Contraindications to taking the drug include lymphocytic leukemia and infectious mononucleosis. Do not prescribe medication to patients suffering from vomiting. This is due to the likelihood of impaired absorption of the drug. Ospamox contains sugar. In this regard, care must be taken when prescribing a medication for diabetes. Dose adjustment may be required for patients who have previously had hay fever and allergic diathesis, as well as for people suffering from bronchial asthma.
Pregnant and lactating
As noted above, the drug has the ability to penetrate the hematoplacental barrier and concentrate in milk. In the course of studies, it was found that the active component of the medication "spamox" - amoxicillin - does not have teratogenic, embryotoxic and mutagenic effects on the fetus. Nevertheless, if it is necessary to prescribe it, therapy during the prenatal period and during feeding should be under close medical supervision. In this case, the dosage should be as small as possible.
Drug interaction
Significantly lower the effectiveness of the Ospamox drug with a bacteriostatic effect. These include macrolide medicines, Chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. When combined, amoxicillin is able to increase the absorption of Digoxin. In this regard, it is necessary to adjust the reception scheme of the latter. With the combined use of Ospamox and aminoglycosides, a synergistic effect is likely. With the simultaneous use of amoxicillin and the medicines Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Probenecid, the plasma concentration of the first increases. A similar, but less pronounced effect is observed when combined with acetylsalicylic acid, the drugs Sulfineperazone and Indomethacin. A decrease in the absorption of amoxicillin is noted with simultaneous administration with antacids. When combined with Allopurinol, the risk of allergic reactions to the skin increases. In rare cases, with simultaneous use with oral contraceptives, a decrease in the effect of the latter was observed. Upon receipt of positive sensitivity results, the Ospamox medication can be prescribed in combination with other antimicrobial agents, including aminoglycosides and cephalosporins.
Overdose
When taking the drug in an increased dose, the patient may develop vomiting, nausea, water-salt balance disturbances, and upset stools. There is no specific antidote. In case of an overdose, washing, the use of salt laxatives and enterosorbents are indicated. Along with this, measures should be taken to maintain the water-salt balance. If necessary, hemodialysis should be performed.
Finally
Ospamox medication should be prescribed by a specialist. In the process of treatment, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s instructions. If you experience any symptoms that are not described in the instructions as side effects, you must inform your doctor immediately. Before taking the medicine, you should read the annotation.