"Novocaine" is a representative of the therapeutic group of medicines of local anesthetics. The drug is used to anesthetize tissues during operations and for invasive diagnostic studies.
The solution for injection is a colorless liquid. The main active component of Novocaine is procaine. Its concentration in one milliliter of solution is 5 milligrams. The medicine is available in ampoules (two, five, ten milliliters in volume), which are placed in contour cells. In one package there are ten pieces. Further in the article we will talk about the instructions for use and analogues of Novocain.
Pharmacological properties
The active substance that is part of the drug has an analgesic effect. Procaine leads to a decrease in all types of tissue sensitivity in the area of administration. The pharmacological effect is achieved by blocking the sodium channels of the walls of the peripheral nerves, which prevents the generation and conduction of a nerve impulse in sensitive fibers.
The medication eliminates the inhibitory downward effect of the complex of neurons of the brain stem and suppresses polysynaptic reflexes. The duration of the effect of "Novocaine" is not high, it ranges from thirty minutes to one hour.
After the solution is introduced into the tissue, the active component accumulates in this area, and then is absorbed into the general bloodstream. The rate of absorption depends on where it was introduced. From the body, the medicine is excreted by the kidneys. The elimination time of half the entire dosage after the absorption of procaine is short.
Indications
The use of Novocaine solution is indicated for various types of local anesthesia, as well as infiltration, conduction, epidural, cerebrospinal. Indications include pain in case of duodenal ulcer or stomach, with hemorrhoids, severe nausea.
Contraindications
As a rule, the drug has certain prohibitions on the use, for example, increased sensitivity. Children under the age of twelve are also not recommended to use it.
With extreme caution, Novocaine solution is used in pregnant and breast-feeding women. Before using the drug, you must make sure that there are no contraindications.
How to use the drug?
The solution "Novocaine" is injected into the tissue area of the necessary effects for local anesthesia in a hospital setting.
An injection is performed by a doctor with the mandatory observance of antiseptic rules to prevent infection of the tissues of the injection area. The volume of injected 0.5% solution depends on the type of anesthesia:
- Infiltration anesthesia (local anesthesia by injection) - from 70 to 120 milliliters. Throughout the entire operation process, the volume of medication should not exceed 400 milliliters. "Novocaine" is injected, as a rule, into body tissues that should be anesthetized.
- Circular and paravertebral, vagosympathetic blockade requires the introduction of 30 to 40 milliliters.
To reduce the absorption of procaine, it is necessary to inject an epinephrine hydrochloride solution (0.1%) into the area of its administration. For children from the age of twelve, the maximum dosage is calculated based on fifteen milligrams of the drug per kilogram of the child’s weight.
Adverse reactions
The use of Novocaine solution can lead to side effects from various organs and systems. These include:
- The development of migraine (a neurological disease, the most frequent and characteristic symptom of which is episodic or regular severe headaches in one half of the head).
- The occurrence of dizziness, weakness.
- Drowsiness (a disorder accompanied by a constant desire to fall asleep).
- Trismus (spasm of the masticatory muscles, which leads to restriction of movements in the temporomandibular region).
- Expansion of peripheral vessels.
- Arrhythmia (a pathological condition leading to a violation of the frequency, rhythm and sequence of excitation and contraction of the heart).
- Collapse (a life-threatening condition characterized by a drop in blood pressure and a deterioration in the blood supply to vital organs).
- Pain in the heart.
- Nettle fever (a skin disease characterized by the rapid formation of severely itchy blisters on the skin).
- Quincke's angioedema (an acute condition characterized by the rapid development of local edema of the mucous membrane, subcutaneous tissue and the skin itself).
- Anaphylactic shock (severe systemic allergic reaction of an immediate type, developing upon contact with foreign antigen substances).
If severe adverse events occur, the administration of Novocaine injection solution is canceled, then appropriate treatment measures are carried out.
Features
Before using the injection, the doctor must evaluate the possible risks of adverse reactions and exclude the presence of prohibitions on use.
The introduction of the drug is carried out taking into account certain specific instructions:
- Before the introduction of the entire dosage of the solution, it is necessary to conduct a test for sensitivity to the active component.
- After using Novocaine, it is imperative to monitor the functional activity of the heart and blood vessels, as well as the nervous and respiratory systems.
- During the use of the medicine, it is important to exercise caution in studies that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
In drugstores, the drug is dispensed strictly according to the prescription, since it is forbidden to use the drug on its own outside the hospital. There are also modern analogues of Novocaine on sale, which you will learn about later.
Poisoning
With a significant excess of the recommended therapeutic dosage of the solution for injection, the following conditions may occur:
- Dizziness (characterized by the feeling that the surrounding objects and the person himself begins to spontaneously move in space).
- Tachypnea (rapid surface breathing, which is not accompanied by a violation of the respiratory rhythm).
- Tachycardia (increase in heart rate from 100 beats per minute).
- Arterial hypotension (lowering blood pressure by more than twenty percent).
- Hallucinations (an image that occurs in the mind without an external stimulus).
- Motor excitement.
- Involuntary muscle contraction as a result of their overstrain.
Overdose elimination is carried out only in a hospital setting. Treatment includes detoxification and symptomatic therapy.
Analogs of Novocain and Lidocain
"Novocaine" is produced in three dosage forms (injection, suppositories, oil solution). Lidocaine is available in five forms, so the second drug will have more analogues. Both agents are generic in their spectrum of action, since they have the same composition.
Substitutes "Novocain"
Similar to the active component and pharmacological effect for the solution of Novocaine is considered Procaine and Lidocaine.
The imported analogue of Novocain is Denthol. Country of origin - Canada. The medicine has a local analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.
"Dentol" (7.5%) is prescribed to eliminate pain in children older than four months with teething. The medication is used as a fast-acting way to reduce pain in babies, as well as an analgesic for small injuries of the inner shell of the mouth, and dental treatment. The drug is available in the form of a gel. "Dentol" is an analogue of "Novocaine" for children.
Dentol (10%) is recommended for use by children from six years of age and adult patients for instant elimination of toothache. The gel is also used as an anesthetic for minor injuries of the oral cavity and gums. The drug is dispensed in pharmacies without a prescription.
Procaine
The drug is an anesthetic for the relief of severe pain. This medicine is widely used in cosmetology and plastic surgery. Its action helps to use Procaine when working with a particularly sensitive organism, as it rarely provokes pronounced negative effects.
Compared with other painkillers, Procaine is characterized by its rapid positive effect due to the active penetration of cell membranes. A remedy with urine is excreted.
The drug is well tolerated by the human body, ensuring the rapid elimination of pain. This property of "Procaine" allows you to use it in plastic surgery, as well as in cosmetology. The drug has gained immense popularity among surgeons and cosmetologists, becoming an excellent substitute, already at that time known as an analgesic, cocaine.
Slowing down the process of restoration of nerve impulses by nerve cells, the drug copes even with strong painful sensations. With the introduction of the drug into the blood stream, the effect of analgesic effects increases due to some ganglion-blocking effect. Analogues of “Syntomycin” with “Novocain” - “Levomycetin”, “Microcid”, “Fusiderm”.
Storage conditions
The shelf life of the drug "Novocaine" is thirty-six months. The medicine must be kept in a dark, dry, inaccessible place for children at an air temperature of no higher than + 25 ° C.
The drug is inexpensive, the average price for Novocain varies from 20 to 60 rubles.
Reviews
Responses to drugs that include procaine are good. Novocaine is a good analgesic and has a small number of adverse reactions. It is often used in various branches of medicine. But with systemic use, as a rule, elderly patients complain of dizziness and weakness, and allergies sometimes manifest.
Reviews about the analogue of the drug "Novocaine" - "Dentole" are contradictory, which is associated with the severity of pain in a child. With small pains that do not really bother the baby, the gel is effective, it is enough to use it up to four times a day. But if the pain is severe, then the medication is considered ineffective, since there are prohibitions in the frequency of its application. As a rule, the main of the negative aspects of Novocaine exposure is the short duration of the analgesic effect.