Salpingoophoritis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. It does not arise by itself, but as a result of the influence of provoking factors.
How does this happen? What symptoms indicate the presence of this disease? How is the diagnosis carried out? Can it be cured and what is needed for this? This and much more should be told now.
Pathogenesis
Before proceeding to the consideration of information about the symptoms and treatment of salpingo-oophoritis, it is necessary to discuss, as a result of which it appears. There may be several reasons.
The first is parasite infection. First, a pathogenic microorganism enters the female body - mycobacterium tuberculosis, gonococcus, Escherichia coli, streptococcus, staphylococcus, etc. Then, if the woman ignored the symptoms and did not consider it appropriate to start treatment, these parasites begin to develop and multiply. As a result, pathogenic microflora spread throughout the body. Bacteria penetrate organs, tissues. And they can, in the case of weakened immunity and internal defense, get into the fallopian tubes, and then into the ovaries.
Also, appendages are often inflamed due to overwork, weakened immunity, swimming in cold water.
Another pathology often occurs against the background of an infectious disease. The causative agent in the pelvic area can even get from the primary focus - purulent plugs in the tonsils or maxillary sinus.
A girl can catch an infection due to unprotected intercourse. Especially if it occurred during menstruation, after an abortion or other intrauterine intervention.
By the way, appendages can become inflamed due to surgical termination of pregnancy. If it was done carelessly or during this period the patient's immunity was weakened.
If we talk about provoking factors, then they include stress, hypothermia, lack of a balanced diet and chronic overwork.
Acute stage
First, it is necessary to briefly characterize the clinical picture, and then proceed to consider the principles of treatment of salpingo-oophoritis.
So, the acute stage proceeds with characteristic symptoms:
- Pain in the lower abdomen of an intense nature that gives to the sacrum and anus.
- Unpleasant, pronounced sensations on the side of inflammation.
- Discharges of a mucous or purulent character.
- Fever.
- Fatigue, chills, weakness.
- Bloating and urination disorders.
- Irritations of the peritoneum (symptoms of muscle protection), which are detected by palpation.
- Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis with a shift to the left side (detected by examining the blood sampled).
As a rule, bilateral salpingoophoritis is detected. It is impossible to delay with treatment. In addition, this ailment is usually combined with inflammation of the uterus.
The disease is often accompanied by algomenorrhea (painful menstruation) and menorrhagia (prolonged and heavy periods).
It is also important to note that with an increase in inflammation, a purulent saccular tumor can form in the area of the appendages. This is called a tubo-ovarian abscess. With this disease, the fallopian tube and ovaries simply melt. As a result, one cavity is formed, filled with purulent contents.
Treatment of acute salpingo-oophoritis
If a woman is diagnosed with severe inflammation of the appendages, she will immediately be hospitalized. In severe inflammation of the appendages, treatment is carried out only in stationary conditions.
Doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections. Also, a woman is given funds, the intake of which is aimed at inhibiting the growth of anaerobes - parasites that receive energy in conditions where there is no oxygen.
You will also need to relieve symptoms of general intoxication. For this, the patient is given intravenous droppers, through which vitamins and solutions are introduced into the blood.
Immunomodulators are also required. If a woman is sick, then her body is weakened. And it is necessary to maintain immunity through drugs that include substances that can strengthen it.
As already mentioned earlier, with this disease, the development of peritonitis or the formation of purulent sacs in the area of the appendages is not excluded. This happens only in extreme, neglected cases, but if this happens, then surgical intervention is indispensable.
Now they are doing laparoscopic surgery. A woman is made an incision on the anterior abdominal wall 2-3 cm long, and then all the necessary manipulations are performed.
If we talk about first aid, then only applying cold to the suprapubic area will help. Using a heating pad is contraindicated.
Subacute stage
Discussing the symptoms and treatment of salpingoophoritis, one can not help but pay attention to this issue. The subacute stage is characterized by the development of inflammation only in the ovaries or in the fallopian tubes. The following symptoms are characteristic of it:
- Heat.
- Bloating in the lower abdomen.
- General weakness.
- Chills and trembling.
- Pain in the lower abdomen, worse during intercourse.
- Colitis.
- Disruptions in the menstrual cycle.
- Discharge with an unpleasant odor.
- Burning and itching of the genitals. The sensations are similar to those that a woman experiences with thrush.
The problem is that the subacute form with many of its symptoms resembles a female cold. And they pass pretty quickly.
If the girl does not go to the doctor, but simply begins to pick up medications herself, and even from a cold, then the disease will develop into a chronic salpingo-oophoritis. And the treatment of this form is a huge complexity.
Subacute Therapy
If the doctor prescribes treatment in time (and this depends on timely recording of the patient’s diagnosis), then it will be possible to prevent the formation of cicatricial changes in the uterine appendages, which is fraught with persistent infertility.
The doctor prescribes certain drugs to treat salpingoophoritis. Their list is quite wide:
- Antiviral suppositories, injections and pills. The most effective drugs are Clindacin, Acyclovir, Betadine and Terzhinan.
- Analgesics. They help relieve pain. The most common drugs are Neolgin, No-Shpa, and Ibuprofen.
- Desensitizing agents. They facilitate allergic reactions. Usually prescribed "Diphenhydramine", "Suprastin", "Tavegil", "Diprazin" and "Diazolin."
- Immunomodulators. The importance of their admission has already been discussed. One of the best drugs in this category is Cycloferon.
- Antibiotics. What a woman needs is dependent on the pathogen that triggered the disease. They can prescribe Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, and they can prescribe macrolides and Doxycycline.
- Probiotics Necessary to normalize the microflora of the vagina and intestines. Widely distributed are Profibor, Bifiform and Linex.
- Hormonal drugs. Without them, it is difficult to normalize the menstrual cycle. There are many of them - Regulon, Yarina, Lindinet, Jes, Klayra, etc. The drug is prescribed by an obstetrician-gynecologist after examining the patient and examining her analyzes.
As you can see, the treatment of salpingo-oophoritis, in which the fallopian tubes are not yet affected, seems to be simpler, in contrast to the previous case.
Chronic illness
This form is diagnosed if a woman is struggling with an ailment for several months. And before you talk about the treatment of chronic salpingo-oophoritis, you need to understand how the disease goes into this stage.
So, this is a polyetiological process of a pathological nature. First, the tissues of the internal organs are damaged, then inflammation occurs. And all this is due to the vital activity of parasites and other pathogenic microorganisms.
Depending on what is the causative agent, exactly by what ways it got into the body, and also by what mechanism the disease developed, a nonspecific and specific infection is isolated.
It should also be noted that the disease can become chronic due to improper or untimely treatment of bilateral salpingo-oophoritis.
If a woman suffers from this disease, she has remissions. Her condition improves, and the inflammatory reaction ceases to be pronounced. All signs may disappear altogether. But then an exacerbation of salpingoophoritis is possible. Treatment in this case is urgent. For frequent "outbreaks" of the disease lead to the following consequences:
- The development of endometritis. The internal mucous layer of the uterine wall becomes inflamed.
- Pelvic fiber is inflamed.
- The development of a purulent process.
- The formation of a limited cavity filled with pus (abscess).
- Phlegmon. This is the name of purulent acute diffuse inflammation, which has no boundaries.
- Change in hormonal levels.
- The formation of adhesions. If the disease lasts for a long time, then the damaged cells of the ovaries or fallopian tubes are replaced. Because of them, the lumen narrows. This either leads to infertility, or increases the risk of a subsequent ectopic pregnancy.
In general, chronic salpingo-oophoritis, the treatment of which will be discussed now, is the most complex form of the disease in question, since it entails functional and hormonal changes in the female body.
Fighting a chronic form of inflammation
It is also necessary to talk about it, since we are talking about the symptoms and treatment of salpingo-oophoritis in women. Of course, in this case, as in all others, all the recommendations and therapeutic measures are set by the attending physician.
Treatment of salpingo-oophoritis with antibiotics and drugs of other categories is not universal. All activities vary depending on how active the inflammatory process is.
Also, the doctor separately prescribes the treatment of relapse and the actions required to be performed during remission. All recommendations must be followed. This will help to avoid exacerbation, which brings many problems.
If we generally describe the recommendations, then the treatment regimen looks something like this:
- Mandatory mode, implying a restriction of motor activity.
- It is necessary to take drugs that are effective against the causative agent of infection.
- It is necessary to drink anti-inflammatory drugs.
- It is mandatory to take antispasmodics, which will help reduce the tone of the smooth muscles of the walls of the fallopian tubes.
- It requires taking antihistamines that reduce the severity of allergic reactions that are provoked by the infectious process.
- Conducting detoxification.
After treatment of salpingoophoritis, the severity of the inflammatory reaction is significantly reduced. This is precisely what indicates remission.
At this stage, measures should be taken to destroy the pathogen, if possible. Also, a woman will have to actively restore her immunity, and also, if the doctor recommends, take a course of any of the procedures listed below.
Other treatments
It is also necessary to tell about them. Treatment of salpingoophoritis can include a lot of different procedures aimed at eliminating the problem. In addition to the above, the following methods are practiced:
- Puncture of the vaginal arches. It is used to inject antibacterial drugs directly into the pelvic organs.
- Ultrahigh-frequency inductothermy. Impact on the appendages by means of a high-frequency electromagnetic field is intended. In simple terms, the technique is based on thermal exposure.
- Magnetotherapy. A method from the field of alternative medicine.
- Treatment of salpingo-oophoritis with current. It has a neurostimulating, vasodilating and plastic effect.
- The passage of treatment in a sanatorium.
- Plasmapheresis A certain amount of blood is taken from the patient, it is cleaned of infections, and then returned to the body.
- Gynecological massage of the uterus. It aims to restore ovarian function, as well as to eliminate defects in the appendages. It is carried out manually by a doctor.
In the vast majority of cases, it is possible to cope with the disease using any of the methods listed above. But this is only if the patient has not ignored the malaise and went to the diagnosis to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment in this case will be timely and effective.
However, in difficult, neglected situations, one has to resort to extreme measures. Namely, to the removal of appendages.
Folk methods
If you believe the reviews, the treatment of salpingo-oophoritis with self-prepared drugs is also effective. Doctors are generally skeptical of this statement, but as a prophylaxis, some “drugs” will be helpful. Here are some recipes:
- In equal proportions, mix dry linden and chamomile. Pour 50 grams of the resulting mixture into the pan and pour 1 liter of water. The container is sent to the fire and boiled. Then remove, cool and strain. The resulting broth should be used for sedentary baths or douching for 14 days.
- Mix in equal amounts the fruits of mountain ash, strawberries and hawthorn, a series of nettles, mint, birch leaves and immortelle flowers. 20 grams of the collection pour boiling water (400 ml). Put in a dark cool place to insist. After 12 hours you can use. You need to drink 70 ml three times a day for 10-14 days.
- You can try the treatment of salpingo-oophoritis with folk remedies with antiseptic and desensitizing effects. It is necessary to mix in equal proportions alder fruits, licorice, elecampane, Aralia rhizome, immortelle, horsetail, string and rose hips. Grind everything. Pour 30 grams of the mixture with boiling water (0.5 L). For 8 hours send to a dry and cold place. Then strain. Drink in 5 receptions per day, be sure to eat. The course is not less than ten days.
- The rhizomes of marsh whale need to be crushed. A few spoons of the plant pour boiling water (200 ml). Store in a dry place for 3 hours. Then strain. Either drink 3 tablespoons four times a day, or use for douching. The course is two weeks.
- 15 grams of crushed echinacea pour medical alcohol (500 ml). Close the container and let it brew in a cool, dark room. Give 14 days to insist, periodically shake. Then add a little boiled water to dilute the fortress. Take 5 drops 6 times a day for ten days.
Alternative treatment of salpingo-oophoritis is popular. There are dozens more recipes. But before you start taking any home-made medicine, you should consult your doctor. Otherwise, you can hurt yourself.
Prevention
About this - in the end. A girl will never encounter salpingoophoritis if she will:
- Remember that even one unprotected sexual intercourse can provoke the transmission of infection.
- Use contraception - condoms, suppositories and pills for vaginal use. It must be remembered that the decency and loyalty of a single partner does not always exclude the presence of an STD.
- Regularly visit a doctor with a partner to undergo an examination. You can do this together before the first intimacy happens.
- Avoid anal-genital intercourse without first conducting hygienic procedures.
- Observe a balanced diet, which includes all the necessary trace elements and vitamins for the female body. A nutritionist can help in its preparation.
And most importantly - in the presence of 2-3 signs of the disease, you can not hesitate to visit a doctor. If you want to avoid the above consequences and an expensive treatment that does not always go without complications, you must not ignore the symptoms.