Hemorrhoids - a terrible disease, and largely because it affects not only the physical but also the mental health of a person. Usually patients try to do without surgery, as it scares even more. They resort to a variety of methods, including folk remedies, which leads to a flow of the form into a chronic one and the impossibility of cure. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids today is one of the progressive and effective methods, so do not be afraid of this.
Cut or not?
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is not carried out at random or by eye. For this, there must be evidence, and only if they are present, the doctor concludes that this option is possible, acceptable, effective. Usually, a disease is treated in this way if it develops to the third or fourth stage. Be sure to take into account the age of the patient.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is often effective if middle-aged people see a doctor. But for young people it is recommended to resort to minimally invasive therapy, if possible, and only if it shows inefficiency, an operation is prescribed.
Is this useful?
For surgical treatment of hemorrhoids, the reviews in most cases are positive. Patients note that the disease goes away completely, while there are no side effects from such therapy. On the other hand, it is very important to choose the right clinic and a qualified doctor.
An additional complication is that hemorrhoids are not a problem that you will discuss with friends or pals, so it’s very difficult to collect reviews among friends you know. The Internet comes to the rescue. Also use the recommendations of those general practitioners who you can trust. But as for the situation as a whole, it should be noted: surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is useful, as it returns the quality of life.
The nuances of the operation
Before starting treatment, doctors must carefully examine the patient. It is necessary to inform doctors about allergies, intolerance to certain drugs, pathologies and health problems. In some cases, such information may be a categorical contraindication to the operation, so the patient should be careful.
If hemorrhoids are found in an elderly person, it is recommended not to rush with the operation, but first try various mild treatment methods:
- normalization of nutrition;
- hygiene measures;
- physiotherapy;
- folk remedies.
If it is possible to get rid of constipation and eliminate bleeding, it is believed that the disease has passed to the stage that does not require surgery.
Indications for surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
The following situations are distinguished in which the operation becomes the best option:
- pain syndrome;
- bleeding causing anemia risk;
- loss of nodes;
- chances of pinching, thrombosis.
But in the event that the anus and rectum become inflamed, surgical treatment of hemorrhoids becomes impossible. First, the inflammatory process is eliminated, then the edema is removed and only after that they decide whether it is possible to operate on the patient.
Preparation period
First you need to be comprehensively examined by a doctor, pass all the necessary tests. Also at the preparatory stage:
- determine if there are contraindications;
- identify diseases that accompany hemorrhoids;
- eliminate swelling and inflammation;
- on the day before surgery, bowel cleansing is performed.
The latter usually consists of an enema and laxative medication.
Remember: neglect of these points can cause complications during surgery, which will negate all the advantages of such treatment. Upon successful completion of the preparatory period, the doctor decides which of the known methods of science is optimal in a particular case. Statistics show that in the past few years, the most commonly performed surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is Hal Rar.
And when it’s completely impossible?
In some cases, surgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids, external is strictly prohibited. It should be remembered that the intervention is carried out under general anesthesia, which imposes additional restrictions.
Contraindications:
- severe pathologies;
- heart disease
- oncological diseases;
- diabetes;
- intestinal pathology;
- immunity problems.
It is not recommended to carry out surgical treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy. This is not a categorical contraindication, but conditional, therefore, in a particular case, the choice remains with the doctor. It is important to consider that with external hemorrhoids in a pregnant woman, the removal of nodes leads to relapse. Practice shows that the disease often goes away by itself during childbirth.
How do we operate?
Various methods for the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids have been developed. Statistics show that about half of all patients resort to surgery. Novelties of surgery are technologies that allow you to remove hemorrhoids quickly, painlessly, without complications. Allocate:
- minimally invasive therapy;
- classic surgery;
- laser treatment.
Minimally invasive techniques
Such methods of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids do not involve the use of a scalpel. During the operation, the surgeon punctures the tissue and manipulates through the holes obtained.
If external hemorrhoids has been diagnosed, surgical treatment with a minimally invasive method is considered one of the best options. There are almost no contraindications, and the rehabilitation period is also significantly shorter.
Sclerotherapy
The technology is useful in the first, second and third stages of hemorrhoids. It helps reliably stop bleeding. Doctors inject special drugs into the nodes, which leads to the conversion of blood vessels into connective tissues. This quickly stops bleeding and leads to a decrease in nodes in size.
Infrared coagulation
The methodology is the use of a photocoagulator. The doctor uses an anoscope, puts the tip of the photocoagulator near the hemorrhoid. A stream of heat passes through the fiber, the principle of the effect of which on the human body is similar to a laser. Such therapy will not allow you to completely remove the node, but stops the bleeding.
Latex ligation
In this method, special latex rings are put on the outer nodes. The surgeon uses a ligator. There are two types of devices - vacuum, mechanical. The entire part of the hemorrhoidal cone located in the ring falls off with it. This place will be marked by a peculiar growth of connective tissue. Today, up to 90% of all patients resort to this technology. From the moment of putting on the ring until the day the cone falls off, about two weeks pass.
Cryodestruction
The procedure is also considered minimally invasive and consists in exposing the hemorrhoids to low temperatures. Apply liquid nitrogen. When tissues thaw, natural death occurs. In this case, a small wound is formed, which can be healed with the help of drugs, ointments. The entire operation takes no more than four minutes.
Classical surgery
There are also frequent situations where surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is possible only when the patient is in the hospital. At the same time, they are carefully prepared for the operation, and intervention is possible only with general anesthesia. There are several common methods:
- radio wave surgery;
- deserterization;
- classic intervention;
- hemorrhoidectomy.
Key benefits:
- rehabilitation lasts no more than five days;
- lack of open wounds;
- low probability of relapse;
- low chance of infection, bleeding.
Laser therapy
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids with a laser is widespread, since it is not associated with unpleasant sensations in the process of removing nodes. There is no pain, nor even simple discomfort. You can completely abandon the pain medication. Once the nodes are removed, you can walk. During laser exposure, the chance of injury in the anus is minimized.
You can resort to laser therapy at the very beginning of the development of the disease, you can use it if the pathology develops. With surgical intervention, the affected area is cut off by a laser beam and tissue is soldered. The latter leads to a complete relief of bleeding.
Laser: benefits
More and more often, doctors offer patients to use laser therapy. Not everyone agrees, as ordinary people are not aware of the key benefits of this method.
So, the positive features:
- painless removal. When carrying out manipulations, a person feels heat rolling in the waves. With a low pain threshold, local anesthesia is allowed;
- outpatient surgery requiring no more than a quarter of an hour;
- No need to specifically prepare for removal;
- you can go home immediately, as soon as the operation was completed, and the very next day return to your usual way of life;
- minimizing the likelihood of bleeding, infection;
- the ability to remove nodes if fistulas, cracks, acute inflammation are diagnosed.
However, it should be understood that in any barrel of honey there may be a fly in the ointment. So, laser removal of hemorrhoidal nodes has a number of disadvantages. For example, if the neoplasms have developed very large, it is simply impossible to remove them with a beam. In this case, the use of a laser becomes a cause of complications. The second unpleasant moment is the high price tag for medical services.
Longo Method
This technique has become known only recently. It is used if it is necessary to remove internal hemorrhoids. Key Features:
- short duration of medical intervention;
- lack of wounds;
- a quick return to normal.
However, there are some negative points. In particular, the Longo method is not applicable when removing external cones. In addition, such an operation will cost frankly expensive.
But the recovery period after this removal is not required at all. Doctors recommend following a surgery for some time on a diet and regularly treat wounds. If at the same time there is pain, then you should wait a couple of weeks, for this period they must pass. If this does not happen, you must again contact the surgeon.
Postoperative complications
One of the most unpleasant situations is a relapse after surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. It would seem that they got rid of this harmful disease forever, causing shame and self-doubt, and here it comes back. The appearance of a new node and the need to go to the doctor again and remove something is very depressing. Perhaps this is the most difficult of possible complications in the treatment of pathology.
In addition to relapse, other negative reactions of the body after surgery are also possible. For example, patients complain of severe pain. This is due to the fact that in the anus area tissue innervation is extremely rich. To eliminate discomfort, you should take painkillers. But to choose medicines as horrible as you have to. You must first consult a doctor and follow the treatment program prescribed by him.
Another serious problem is psychological. Many patients at some point experience very severe pain associated with hemorrhoids. This can happen during surgery or, for example, when visiting the toilet. In the future, this leads to the fact that a person tries to delay the urge to empty the intestines, bladder. This makes the situation worse. As a rule, the treatment is complex: they visit a therapist, take laxatives prescribed by a doctor.
Urinary retention is observed in the postoperative period. Usually this is characteristic only for the first day after the medical intervention. If the symptom persists for more than one day, you must visit a doctor. Doctors carry out catheterization.
It also happens that after a successful operation, bleeding opens. The reasons for this are different. For example, they unsuccessfully cauterized a blood vessel or injured the intestinal mucosa. If bleeding is fixed, special sponges are prescribed, the damaged vessel is sutured.