Anesthetics are drugs that have the ability to cause anesthesia.
Anesthesia is a decrease in the sensitivity of the body or its parts. Also, such a state is characterized by a complete cessation of perception of information about the state of one's body and the environment.
In medical practice, the drug Naropin is very often used as an anesthetic. Instructions for use, reviews of specialists will be described below.
Composition, release form and packaging
The drug "Naropin", the instruction for which is contained in a cardboard box, is available as an injection solution. It may include 2, 5, 7.5 or 10 mg of an active ingredient such as ropivacaine hydrochloride.
As for the additional components, then they use hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, as well as water for injection and sodium chloride.
On sale, this tool comes in ampoules.
Pharmacological features of the drug
What is a medicine like Naropin? The instruction for use claims that it is an anesthetic of the amide series, which is intended for pain relief and local anesthesia.
The use of small doses of ropivacaine contributes to the blockade of sensitivity of a certain part of the body with limited non-progressive motor activity.
At high dosages, this medicine leads to surgical anesthesia.
Drug properties
What is the drug Naropin remarkable for? Instructions for use indicate that the effectiveness of this tool is due to its ability to reversibly reduce the permeability of the membranes of nerve fibers. Due to this effect, the threshold of excitability increases and the depolarization rate decreases, which, in turn, leads to local blocking of nerve impulses.
When using high doses of the drug, its inhibitory effect on the heart muscle and central nervous system is noted (conductivity worsens, automatism and excitability decrease).
Ropivacaine is characterized by a prolonged effect. The duration of the therapeutic effect of this drug can be adjusted by dosage.
With the epidural administration of a drug, its biphasic and complete absorption from the epidural space occurs. The concentration of ropivacaine in the blood depends on the method of its use.
Drug kinetics
Instructions for use ("Naropin" should be administered only by an experienced anesthetist) reports that this drug has a linear pharmacokinetics. Due to this, its maximum concentration in the blood is proportional to the dosage administered.
Communication with plasma proteins is 94%.
Epidural administration of the drug for a long time increases the total plasma concentration of ropivacaine.
The active substance of the agent in question undergoes a rapid metabolic transformation. In the initial phase, its half-life is ÂĽ hours, and in the terminal - 240 minutes.
With intravenous administration of the drug, 86% of its dose is excreted by the kidneys.
Indications
What is the purpose of using a drug like Naropin? Instructions for use (in dentistry this drug is administered very often) states that this medication is intended for anesthesia during surgical interventions:
- For blockade of large nerves and nerve plexuses.
- For the purpose of infiltration anesthesia and blockade of individual nerve fibers.
- For epidural blockade for the purpose of performing operations, including cesarean section.
It should be noted that the drug "Naropin" is often used to relieve symptoms in acute pain syndromes:
- For prolonged blockade of peripheral nerves.
- For intraarticular injection.
- For the purpose of infiltration anesthesia and blockade of individual nerve fibers.
- With prolonged epidural infusion, periodic bolus administration, or to prevent pain in the postoperative period, as well as for pain relief during labor.
It should also be noted that the drug "Naropin", the instructions for use of which are presented below, is actively used to relieve symptoms of acute pain in pediatric practice:
- for caudal epidural blockade in children under 12 years of age, including in newborn babies;
- for prolonged epidural infusion in children under 12 years of age, including in newborn babies.
Contraindications
What contraindications does Naropin anesthetic have? Instructions for use (for spinal anesthesia, this tool should be prescribed only by an experienced anesthetist) says the following prohibitions:
- Hypersensitivity, manifested to anesthetics of the amide series (including a history).
- Hypersensitivity to ropivacaine and other components of the drug.
It should also be noted that the drug “Naropin”, the dosage of which should be selected only by a narrow specialist, is carefully prescribed for elderly and debilitated patients, as well as patients with severe diseases, including blockade of intracardiac conduction, liver and kidney pathologies.
Extremely carefully, a local anesthetic must be injected into the head and neck because of the increased risk of developing serious adverse reactions.
Particular care is required when administering the drug intraarticularly, especially with extensive injuries and surgery. Otherwise, this can lead to increased absorption of the drug and an increase in its plasma concentration.
Due to the underdevelopment of functions and organs in children up to six months, anesthesia should be carried out in this age group with extreme caution.
The drug "Naropin": instructions for use for children
Reviews about this medicine will be presented later.
With epidural caudal administration, for blocking pain syndromes, babies weighing up to 25 kg are blocked with an injection solution at a dose of 2 mg / kg.
Epidural or bolus infusion of the drug is carried out in accordance with the age of the child:
- 6-12 months: infusion - 0.4 mg / kg / h, bolus - 1 mg / kg;
- up to six months: infusion - 0.2 mg / kg / h, bolus - 1 mg / kg.
- 1-12 years: infusion - 0.4 mg / kg / h, bolus - 2 mg / kg.
Solution "Naropin": instructions for use
In ampoules, this anesthetic is sold in all pharmacies.
For adults, the dosage of the drug is selected by a specialist. The anesthesiologist should be guided by his clinical experience, and also take into account the individual condition of the patient's body.
For epidural administration during surgical interventions use 15-25 ml of solution. In this case, the onset of action of the drug is observed after 20 minutes and lasts for 5 hours.
A similar amount of the drug is used for cesarean section.
Blockade of the large nerve plexuses is carried out by means of epidural administration of the drug at the chest level in the amount of 5-15 ml.
Conduction and infiltration anesthesia using 1-30 ml of the solution leads to the onset of the effect after 5-15 minutes with a duration of 2-6 hours.
Special recommendations
The dosage of the drug "Naropin" for spinal anesthesia is selected depending on the general condition of the patient. The same goes for blockade of nerve fibers.
Brachial plexus anesthesia can be associated with serious side effects.
With the simultaneous use of other types of anesthetics, the maximum dosage of Naropin should not be higher than 225 mg.
In order to prevent accidental injection of the drug into the vessel before the procedure and during its implementation, an aspiration test should be carried out without fail .
Intravascular administration of the drug is recognized by the temporary increase in heart rate. When observing a toxic effect, the administration of the solution should be immediately interrupted.
During anesthesia, it is necessary to monitor the normal operation of the vital organs and systems of the patient. It is also necessary to maintain regular verbal contact with him.
Side effects
The negative reactions that are noted when using the drug in question are similar to those when using other amide anesthetics. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish side effects from physiological symptoms that arise due to blocking of the sympathetic nerves.
The drug "Naropin" for spinal anesthesia can cause the development of bradycardia and hypotension. Also during anesthesia in patients, the following adverse reactions are observed:
- nausea, tachycardia, headaches, hypothermia;
- lowering blood pressure, cramps, back pain, shortness of breath;
- vomiting, fainting, hypertension, fever;
- paresthesia, dysarthria, chills, anxiety;
- dizziness, tremors, urinary retention.
- hypesthesia, shortness of breath, numbness of the tongue;
- convulsive seizures, tinnitus, urticaria;
- paresthesia in the near-mouth zone, arrhythmia, visual impairment;
- Quincke's edema, cardiac arrest, muscle cramps;
- anaphylactic phenomena.
Analogs
What can replace an anesthetic such as Naropin? Instructions for use will not give an answer to this question. You will have to turn to an experienced anesthetist for it.
As a rule, instead of Naropin, specialists very often use such drugs as Artikain, Bupivacaine, BlokkoS, Alfakain SP, Lidocaine, Brilokain-adrenaline, Mepivacaine, Pyromecain, “Markain”, “Scandonest”, “Ultracain”, “Cytocartin”, “Trimecain”, “Chirocain” and others.
It should be immediately noted that the methods of administration and dosage of the listed funds may differ significantly from those of the drug “Naropin”.
Reviews
Now you know how and for what purpose they use an antibiotic such as Naropin. Instructions for use, analogues of this medication were presented above.
Most often, anesthetists leave their reviews about the drug in question. And this is not surprising, because this drug is intended for small and large operations.
The vast majority of responses from experts are positive. Summarizing the opinions of doctors, this anesthetic can be described as a time-tested, reliable and moderately affordable drug.
As for patients, their reviews about this tool are practically not found.