If you want to maintain a healthy urinary system, the health of your children, relatives or pregnant women, as well as solve problems with stones, then in this article you can find all the information you are interested in.
Diseases of the urinary system include all kinds of pathologies of the urethra, bladder, as well as kidneys and ureters. The physiological organs of the urinary system are directly related to the organs of reproductive function.
The most common cause of these diseases is the development of dangerous microorganisms, which occurs as a result of the following factors:
- Metabolic disease.
- Hypothermia of the body.
- Stressful situations.
- Indiscriminate sexual intercourse.
- Weakened immunity.
Many aspects make it necessary to know how to prevent diseases of the urinary system. In addition, women and men are prone to the emergence and development of these diseases in completely different ways. In children, diseases of this kind also have their own characteristics.
Main reasons
Damage to the bladder and kidneys can be triggered by a number of reasons, the main place among which is infection. It can provoke the occurrence of diseases that are a consequence of a previous sore throat, scarlet fever, otitis media, and also cause diseases on their own (cystitis, pyelonephritis).
Among the other causes of diseases of the urinary system, the following can also be distinguished:
- Genetic predisposition.
- Injuries.
- Stagnation of urine.
- Avitaminosis.
- Incompatible blood transfusion.
- Nephrotoxic poisons.
- Multiple burns.
- And other diseases (for example, diabetes mellitus).
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of an urinary tract disease:
- Pain
- Swelling.
- Impaired urination.
- Headache.
- Dizziness.
In addition, there may be visual impairment, pain in the heart, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, vomiting or nausea, as well as increased body temperature.
In most cases, pain appears over the pubis (bladder), in the lumbar region (kidney), and also along the ureters. Also, diseases of the urinary system are accompanied by irradiation of pain in the lower abdomen or in the perineum.
As a rule, all diseases associated with the urinary system are accompanied by frequent urination, cessation of urine output, a decrease in daily urine output, an increase in daily urine volume, and a violation of urination. In some cases, the color of the urine changes, it may appear dull or an admixture of blood.
In acute glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis, edema is observed. Vascular nephrosclerosis, as well as chronic and acute glomerulonephritis, are accompanied by headache, dizziness and pain in the region of the heart. Also signs of a disease of the urinary system can be weakness, malaise, low levels of performance, poor sleep, vision, and itchy skin.
Disease spread
Currently, there are a large number of diseases associated with the urinary system, but the most common are:
- Cystitis.
- Uremia.
- Aplasia of the ureter.
- Hydronephrosis.
- Bladder stones
- Kidney cysts.
- Urinary tract infection.
Diagnostics
A study of the bladder and kidneys includes the following:
- Radiozotope research methods.
- Kidney biopsy.
- Computed tomography.
- X-ray examination.
- Ultrasonography.
- Chemical examination of urine.
In the process of diagnosing this disease, the main component is the study of urine. Features of the urinary system are that all pathological processes present in the urethra and kidneys will be reflected directly in the urine. During the study, the amount of urine is determined, urinary sediment is studied, the chemical composition and physical properties are determined.
Urinary Disease Prevention
In most cases, these diseases cause the activity of pathogenic microflora: viruses, fungi, bacteria. The composition of the microflora of the urinary tract includes a number of microorganisms that impede the development of diseases. But as soon as a favorable period begins, they multiply, which subsequently provokes diseases.
Prevention of diseases of the urinary system is very important and it consists in the following:
- At the first suspicion of a disease of the urinary system, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound of the kidneys.
- Legible sex.
- Avoiding hypothermia.
- The use of diuretic decoctions having antiseptic properties: licorice root, cranberries, lingonberries, rose hips, etc.
- Timely emptying.
- Compliance with personal intimate hygiene.
This is the prevention of the urinary system, it will avoid many problems in the future.
Bladder stones
This disease is characterized by the presence of deposits (saline or calcified) in the bladder cavity. The formation of stones can occur as a result of a malfunction in the physico-chemical composition of urine or for a number of other physiological reasons. Depending on the function and location, the stones can have a different amount, composition, size, and also the type of surface. In most cases, there are multiple and single (large and small) stones.
The composition of these formations may contain phosphates, uric acid salts, uric acid, as well as potassium oxalates. Diseases of the urinary system in men have the main cause - this is a violation of the function of free outflow of urine. This is due to the fact that on the way in the area of the urethra or neck of the bladder there are peculiar obstacles. Also, stones can form as a result of operations after genitourinary infections.
The disease is very insidious, since with the formation of rather large stones there are no symptoms. They can occur only if these formations will produce friction with the walls of the bladder, overlapping outflow of urine or mucous membrane.
If the stones are small, then conservative treatment and a special diet are supposed. Specialists prescribe drugs to maintain alkaline balance in the urine. In the presence of complications or stones of too large size, surgical intervention is provided. Specialists in this case use stone-cutting and endoscopic lithoextraction.
Acute cystitis
Urinary system diseases in women and in men are somewhat different. So, acute cystitis is a disease that is predominantly affected by young women. This is an acute inflammation of the bladder, the main symptom of which is painful urination, rarely the presence of blood in the urine. The main reason is genitourinary infections. To prevent the transition of this disease into a chronic form, with the onset of the first symptoms, it is necessary to consult specialists. It is also important to know that cystitis can mask other rather dangerous diseases.
Urinary tract infections
Very often infections become the cause of problems with the urinary system in men. There are many pathogens that can lead to the onset of infection, namely:
- Klebsiella. Pseudomonas aeruginosa stick. It is usually observed in young boys.
- Microplasma and chlamydia. These are organisms that affect the urethra, as well as the ducts of reproductive function. They enter the male body through sexual contact.
- E. coli. It can enter the urinary system as a result of simple non-observance of personal hygiene rules. Therefore, in this case, the prevention of diseases of the urinary system consists in the elementary observance of the rules of personal hygiene.
Pyelonephritis
This is an inflammatory process in the kidneys, which occurs both in acute form (primary stages of the disease) and in chronic, which worsens from time to time. In most cases, this disease affects the female sex. An infection can enter the kidneys through the blood, bladder, if other foci of infection are in the body, for example, inflammation in the genitals, caries, furunculosis, and others.
Symptoms of pyelonephritis :
- Clouding of urine.
- Impaired urination.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Kidney pain.
- Fever.
At the first symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor, since untimely treatment of the urinary system can lead to surgical intervention.
Kidney cysts
These are bubbles that are filled with liquid. In most cases, they do not cause problems, in this regard, when there was no ultrasound, sometimes they did not even know about them and, accordingly, did not carry out any treatment.
As a rule, cysts do not even feel, and if this does not cause any discomfort, they try not to touch them for safety reasons. If the cyst grows or hurts, it is removed by puncture - a fluid is removed from the cyst with a syringe, and then drugs are administered that eliminate this vial in the kidney, or surgery is performed.
Diseases in children
In the general structure of the disease, an important place is occupied precisely by diseases of the urinary system in children. The main reason for their development is infection. This is what requires a special attitude to the child when he transfers any infectious disease.
It is necessary to fully treat the disease, provide fortified nutrition, and also avoid hypothermia. You can’t joke with the health of children, therefore, if symptoms of impaired function of the urinary system manifest themselves, you should immediately contact a specialist.
In many ways, this kind of disease can be prevented by preventing the development of infection and a careful attitude to health. In addition, you need to be a little more careful about your own health and it is better to prevent a disease than to launch it.