In all living organisms with bone tissue, the skeleton serves as the biological support of the body. In the body of an adult, it consists of more than two hundred bones connected in series. The human skeleton consists of two tubular long bones of different thicknesses - fibular and tibial. The tibia is located laterally, that is, in the lateral part relative to the midline of the lower leg. The tibia has a medial location, that is, it occupies an internal position in the structure of the lower leg and connects to the thigh bone through the knee joint.
The mechanical axis of the leg, through which the severity of the trunk is transmitted to the supporting part of the lower limb, passes in the direction from the central portion of the femoral head to the middle of the ankle joint through the knee joint. The vertical axis of the leg from below is aligned with the vertical axis of the tibia, which accounts for the entire body weight, and therefore it has a greater thickness than the tibia. When the tibia deviates from the vertical axis of the leg to the inner or lateral side, an angle forms between the lower leg and thigh (defect of the X-shaped and O-shaped legs).
The proximal - located closer to the center of the tibia consists of two thickenings of the bone pineal gland - the condyles, having a medial and lateral location. The tibia is a long tubular bone with thickening at the ends. The superior proximal pineal gland forms the head, which, using a flat, rounded articular surface, connects to the external condyle of the tibia. The tibial epiphysis, located at the bottom of the tibia, passes sequentially into the medial ankle, which, together with the lower tibia epiphysis, connects to the talus. The human tibia will connect to the tibia of the intermediate tibial joint and syndesmosis, as well as the shin membrane located between the bones.
Due to prolonged static loads, quite often painful sensations arise in the lower leg. The cause of the pain can be mechanical damage, dislocation, sprain, which require immediate medical attention. Pain in the lower leg can also occur due to compression of the root, concentrated in the lower back of the spine, or improper medication.
The tibia usually hurts in the area below the knee on the outside of the leg, in the tibia. The pain is localized in the interval of 10-15 centimeters and worsens during physical exertion. In rare cases, the cause of tibia pain can be Paget's disease, Raynaud's syndrome, tissue compression, malignant and benign tumors, disc herniation and the use of certain medications. Most often the tibia and tibia may be ill for the following reasons:
- fractures of the lower leg ;
- muscle spasm;
- tearing of ligaments;
- a decrease in the concentration of calcium, magnesium, potassium in the blood;
- tendon inflammation;
- atherosclerosis of blood vessels;
- thrombophlebitis;
- arthritis or arthrosis;
- damage to nerve fibers;
- osteomyelitis;
- calcaneal tendon damage and inflammation;
- trap syndrome;
- periostopathy;
- tears of the calf muscles;
- inflammation of the patella;
- lymphovenous insufficiency;
- inflammation and tear of the ligament of the patella.
Any complaints of pain in the lower leg should be consulted by a doctor, because this can be associated with a serious illness that entails serious consequences for the general state of human health.