The term "multiple organ failure" was first formulated in 1973 in a work on the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm. A little later, the concept was clarified by A. Baue and D.Fry. They finally established, somewhat expanded and classified the symptoms testifying to this most serious disease.
Today, the term "multiple organ failure" refers to an extremely serious pathological condition that develops as a reaction to surgery, sepsis, and purulent diseases. In addition, the cause of the development of the disease can be eclampsia, diabetes, meningoencephalitis, poisoning.
Multiple organ failure syndrome can be triggered by:
- Acute or profuse blood loss.
- Severe shock.
- Injured skull.
- Injuries or damage to the heart.
- Hemopneumotarax.
- Multiple fractures.
Pathology that occurs in the body as a kind of stress reaction affects two or more body systems that are responsible for normal life.
An example is a violation of the general gas exchange in the body, which usually develops on the second day of the post-traumatic period and is almost always accompanied by acute renal or liver failure.
Most likely to develop a condition called multiple organ failure, smokers, diabetics, drug addicts, people who abuse steroids and cytostatics.
Paradoxically, the disease owes its appearance to the success and rapid development of resuscitation.
Previously, when resuscitation was only getting on its feet, most patients died from shock or acute blood loss.
Today, medicine is quite successfully and quickly coping with a shock condition.
For example, in case of blood loss, jet infusions (infusions) are used. In response to this, on the 2-4 day in the body of the victim, multiple organ failure develops, affecting several organs or systems at once.
Deviation can develop one-stage or gradually.
Single-phase PON is characterized first by a violation of gas exchange, to which the developing insufficiency of cardiac activity, liver, kidneys, lungs, and other organs later joins. In this case, PON is the last complication, followed by the death of the patient.
In the two-phase course of the disease, the short stabilization of the patient, taken out of the shock state, is disturbed by sepsis, which leads to PON and death.
Doctors have established the stage of development of multiple organ failure.
1. Violation of gas exchange, blood coagulation, platelet reduction, but an increase in bilirubin and some other enzymes.
Later, an infection is added to the violations that have already appeared, due to which the kinin system is activated, neurohumoral shifts appear, and blood circulation is disturbed. Failure of many organs develops, stressful ulcers of the intestine appear.
2. Decompensation or irreversible changes that occur at the subcellular level.
It is better not to treat PON, but to prevent it by carrying out active resuscitation actions, aimed, inter alia, at the occurrence of a stress reaction.